作物杂志,2021, 第6期: 164–170 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.026

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

头季留茬高度对水稻再生季产量和稻米品质的影响

李阳1(), 杨晓龙1, 汪本福1, 张枝盛1, 陈少愚1, 李进兰2, 程建平1()   

  1. 1湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室,430064,湖北武汉
    2黄冈市农业科学院,438000,湖北黄冈
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-02 修回日期:2021-10-21 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 程建平
  • 作者简介:李阳,主要从事水稻栽培与农业生态研究,E-mail: liylcy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301302);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-04A)

Effects of Main Season Stubble Height on Ratoon Season Yield and Rice Quality

Li Yang1(), Yang Xiaolong1, Wang Benfu1, Zhang Zhisheng1, Chen Shaoyu1, Li Jinlan2, Cheng Jianping1()   

  1. 1Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    2Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-02-02 Revised:2021-10-21 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Cheng Jianping

摘要:

研究头季留茬高度对水稻再生季产量形成和稻米品质的影响,为实现再生季高产优质提供理论依据。以杂交稻新两优223和常规稻黄华占为试验材料。头季收割时设置40(高留茬,HS)、20(中留茬,MS)和5cm(低留茬,LS)3种留茬高度处理,考察不同节位再生穗产量构成因子、稻米品质、叶面积指数、氮素含量及净光合速率(Pn)等指标。结果表明,随留茬高度降低,2个品种产量均呈下降趋势,再生季HS处理产量(4.13t/hm2)比MS和LS处理分别高9.9%和16.3%。随留茬高度降低,再生季稻米碾磨品质显著下降,新两优223整精米率下降幅度显著大于黄华占,前者HS处理分别比MS和LS处理高26.8%和59.7%;随留茬高度降低,稻米外观品质显著提升,蛋白质含量下降,直链淀粉含量无显著变化。再生季水稻主茎、叶片和新芽的氮素含量与产量呈显著正相关,HS和MS处理的Pn显著高于LS处理。综上所述,根据品种特性,调节头季收割留茬高度,可促进水稻再生季产量和品质协同提高。

关键词: 再生稻, 留茬高度, 产量, 稻米品质, 光合特性

Abstract:

The effects of stubble height in the main season on yield formation and rice quality of the ratoon season were studied to provide theoretical basis for achieving high yield and quality in the ratoon season. Hybrid rice Xinliangyou 223 and conventional rice Huanghuazhan were used as experimental materials. Three stubble heights, 40(high stubble, HS), 20 (middle stubble, MS) and 5cm (low stubble, LS) were designed in main season, and components of different nodes yield, ratoon season rice quality, leaf area index, nitrogen content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in ratoon season were studied. The results showed that the yield of the two cultivars decreased with the decrease of stubble height, and the yield of HS treatment (4.13t/ha) was 9.9% and 16.3% higher than that of MS and LS treatments. With the decrease of stubble height, the milling quality of ratooning rice was significantly decreased, and the head rice rate of Xinliangyou 223 was significantly decreased than that of Huanghuazhan. The HS treatment of Xinliangyou 223 was 26.8% and 59.7% higher than that of MS and LS treatments, respectively. With the decrease of stubble height, appearance quality of rice was significantly improved, protein contents decreased, and amylose contents had no significant change. Nitrogen contents of main stems, leaves and new buds in ratoon season were significantly positively correlated with yield, and Pn of HS and MS treatments were significantly higher than that of LS treatment. In conclusion, according to the characteristics of varieties, the stubble height in the main season should be adjusted to promote the synergistic improvement of yield and quality in the ratoon season.

Key words: Ratooning rice, Stubble height, Yield, Rice quality, Photosynthetic characteristics

表1

不同处理对再生季水稻产量及其构成因子的影响

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
有效穗数
Effective panicles (×106/hm2)
穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle
结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)
千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
产量
Yield (t/hm2)
2015 新两优223 HS 3.92a 62.5d 73.7c 25.3b 4.45a
MS 3.36b 68.2c 74.1c 25.4b 4.41a
LS 2.61d 74.4b 72.7c 27.1a 3.83b
黄华占 HS 3.13bc 59.4d 86.5a 24.0c 3.70c
MS 2.98c 63.1d 85.5a 22.2d 3.51d
LS 2.59d 84.4a 78.7b 19.6e 3.32d
2017 新两优223 HS 3.97a 64.8c 74.0c 25.2b 4.75a
MS 3.27b 62.0c 73.8c 25.1b 3.91b
LS 2.70d 74.5b 72.4c 26.9a 3.91b
黄华占 HS 2.99c 58.6c 85.8a 24.3c 3.60c
MS 2.93cd 58.7c 85.9a 21.7d 3.18d
LS 2.10e 96.7a 78.5b 19.8e 3.13e

表2

不同处理再生季稻米品质的影响

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)
整精米率
Head rice rate (%)
垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate (%)
垩白度
Chalkiness degree
直链淀粉含量
Amylose content (%)
蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
2015 新两优223 HS 78.62a 44.56c 14.30a 2.37a 14.95b 9.69a
MS 78.13a 35.28c 12.99b 1.70b 15.09b 9.56a
LS 76.11b 28.29d 11.07c 1.47b 15.04b 9.22b
黄华占 HS 75.40bc 65.00a 8.92d 2.29a 18.30a 7.27c
MS 74.10c 63.70a 7.58e 1.79b 17.70a 6.27d
LS 71.90d 62.90a 6.07f 1.66b 18.10a 5.98e
2017 新两优223 HS 77.00a 44.20c 14.20a 2.40a 14.90b 9.70a
MS 76.00ab 34.70d 12.70b 1.71bc 15.10b 9.61a
LS 74.90bc 27.30e 11.20c 1.49c 15.20b 9.21b
黄华占 HS 76.50ab 64.20a 8.84d 2.28a 18.40a 7.27c
MS 73.50cd 63.30ab 8.54e 1.78b 18.10a 6.26d
LS 71.70d 61.50b 5.99f 1.66bc 18.40a 5.84e

表3

各因素对稻米品质影响的显著性统计分析

项目
Item
糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)
整精米率
Head rice rate (%)
垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate (%)
垩白度
Chalkiness degree
直链淀粉含量
Amylose content (%)
蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
年份Year (Y) * ns ns ns * ns
品种Variety (V) ** ** ** ns ** **
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ns **
品种×年份V×Y * ns ns ns ns ns
处理×年份T×Y ns ns ns ns ns ns
处理×品种T×V * ** ns ns * **
处理×品种×年份
T×V×Y
ns ns ns ns ns ns

图1

2个品种水稻再生季齐穗期LAI比较 不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著

图2

再生季各营养器官氮素含量与产量的相关性

表4

不同处理对水稻齐穗期光合特性的影响

年份Year 品种Variety 处理Treatment Pn [μmol/(m2·s)] Gs [mmol/(m2·s)] Ci (μmol/mol) Tr [mmol/(m2·s)]
2015 新两优223 HS 23.0a 0.723b 312.0ab 7.49a
MS 22.5a 0.612c 285.0b 7.22a
LS 19.3d 0.275e 228.4c 7.33a
黄华占 HS 22.1a 0.912a 339.2a 6.40b
MS 21.0b 0.604c 310.8ab 5.83c
LS 20.3c 0.516d 304.7b 5.51c
2017 新两优223 HS 22.8a 0.658b 301.5b 9.10a
MS 22.4a 0.502c 274.8c 8.76a
LS 21.5b 0.218d 266.8c 8.86a
黄华占 HS 22.1a 0.854a 340.2a 6.52b
MS 21.6b 0.616b 327.0ab 6.34b
LS 19.4c 0.424c 326.7ab 4.20c
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