作物杂志,2023, 第4期: 7–15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.002

所属专题: 小麦专题

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分与氮素及其互作调控小麦产量和水氮利用效率研究进展

刘颖1,2(), 顾昀怿1,2, 张伟杨1,2(), 杨建昌1,2   

  1. 1江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/扬州大学农学院,225009,江苏扬州
    2江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学,225009,江苏扬州
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-28 修回日期:2023-05-04 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 张伟杨
  • 作者简介:刘颖,主要从事小麦高产高效栽培理论与技术研究,E-mail:liuying990310@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目(2015-1)

Research Advances in the Effects of Water and Nitrogen and Their Interaction on the Grain Yield, Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Wheat

Liu Ying1,2(), Gu Yunyi1,2, Zhang Weiyang1,2(), Yang Jianchang1,2   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-03-28 Revised:2023-05-04 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15
  • Contact: Zhang Weiyang

摘要:

理解土壤水分与氮素及其互作对小麦产量与水氮利用效率的影响,对协同提高小麦产量和水氮利用效率有重要意义。本文综述了小麦节水灌溉技术、氮肥施用技术、水分和氮素对小麦产量与水氮利用效率的互作效应、作物―土壤关系及水氮调控机制等方面的进展。讨论了目前存在的问题,即高产小麦与土壤的水氮互作效应尚不明确,小麦水氮耦合与高效利用的分子机理尚不清楚以及协同提高小麦产量和水氮利用效率的调控途径与关键技术尚未掌握。针对上述问题,今后应重点探究高产小麦与土壤的水氮互作效应与机制、水氮互作调控小麦吸收利用水分和氮素的生理与分子机理,以及协同提高小麦产量和水氮利用效率的调控途径与关键技术。

关键词: 小麦, 水氮互作, 产量, 水分利用效率, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

Understanding the effects of water, nitrogen and their interaction on grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency is of great importance for synergistic improvement of grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. This review focused on progress in water-saving irrigation technologies, nitrogen application technologies, interaction effects of water and nitrogen on grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, root-soil relationship and its mechanism regulated by water and nitrogen. Some key problems were discussed: the synergistic interaction between water and nitrogen of soil and yield is still unclear; the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between water and nitrogen on the efficient uptake and use of water and nitrogen in high-yielding wheat is still unclear; and the regulatory approach of synergistic increases in grain yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency has not been mastered. In view of the above problems, future research should focus on exploring the effect and mechanism of water nitrogen interaction between high-yield wheat and soil, and the physiological and molecular mechanism of water nitrogen interaction regulating water and nitrogen absorption in wheat; and the key regulatory approaches and technologies for synergetic increase of grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Water and nitrogen interaction, Yield, Water use efficiency, Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency

图1

小麦光合作用与氮素吸收利用模式图 (a) ATP:腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸;ADP:腺苷二磷酸;Pi:磷酸根;[H]:还原氢;NADP+:烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸(氧化态);NADPH:还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸;Rubisco:核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶;RUBP:1,5-二磷酸核酮糖;PGA:3-磷酸甘油酸;PGP:磷酸甘油磷酸酶;GOX:乙醇酸氧化酶;AGT:丙氨酸乙醛酸转氨酶;GGT:乙醛酸氨基酸转移酶;GDC:甘氨酸脱羧酶;HPR1:过氧体羟基丙酮酸还原酶;NADH:烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(还原态);GLYK:甘油酸3-激酶。(b) NR:硝酸还原酶;NiR:亚硝酸还原酶;GOGAT:谷氨酸合成酶;GS:谷氨酰胺合成酶;AS:天冬酰胺合成酶。图1根据文献[82]绘制

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