基蘖同步侧深施下氮肥运筹对水稻生长、氮素利用和产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究基蘖同步侧深施下施肥量和施肥方式对水稻氮素利用、氮素转运以及植株干物质积累和水稻经济产量等的影响，以水稻品种全两优鄂丰丝苗为材料，以传统撒施（CK）为对照，设置不施氮肥（N0）、基蘖肥和穗肥全量侧深施（N1）、基蘖肥和穗肥的氮肥共减量10%（N2）、基蘖肥和穗肥的氮肥共减量20%（N3）、基蘖肥的氮肥减量10%（N4）和基蘖肥的氮肥减量20%（N5）共7个处理，分析基蘖同步侧深施肥下氮肥运筹对水稻生长、氮素利用和产量的影响。结果表明，与CK处理相比，N1处理2年平均产量显著增加9.58%，基蘖同步侧深施处理显著提高了水稻的有效穗数，还提高了生育中后期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量。N1、N2和N4处理与CK处理相比氮素表观利用率提高4.53%~27.10%，氮素农学利用率提高13.20%~40.65%，氮素生理利用率提高5.19%~17.20%，偏生产力提高9.57%~14.07%。综上，基蘖同步侧深施能够增加水稻有效穗数，提高水稻生育中后期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量，并提高氮素利用率，从而提高产量。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 侧深施肥, 水稻生长, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of fertilizer application rate and fertilization method under synchronized basal-tiller side-deep fertilization on nitrogen utilization, nitrogen translocation, plant dry-matter accumulation and grain yield of rice, taking rice cultivar Quanliangyouefengsimiao as the experimental material, with traditional broadcast fertilization as the control (CK), seven treatments were set up, including no nitrogen application (N0), full-rate side-deep application of basal-tiller and panicle nitrogen fertilizer (N1), 10% total nitrogen reduction for basal-tiller and panicle fertilizer (N2), 20% total nitrogen reduction for basal-tiller and panicle fertilizer (N3), 10% nitrogen reduction only for basal-tiller fertilizer (N4), and 20% nitrogen reduction only for basal-tiller fertilizer (N5). A field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of nitrogen management on rice growth, nitrogen utilization and yield under synchronous side-deep basal-tiller fertilization. The results showed that compared to the CK, the yield under N1 treatment averaged across two years significantly increased by 9.58%; synchronized basal-tiller side-deep treatment significantly increased the effective panicle number of rice, enhanced the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at mid and late growth stages. Compared to CK, apparent nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, physiological nitrogen use efficiency and partial factor productivity under N1, N2, and N4 treatments significantly increased by 4.53%-27.10%, 13.20%-40.65%, 5.19%-17.20%, and 9.57%-14.07%, respectively. Synchronized basal-tiller side-deep can increase the panicle number of rice, improve the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in the mid-to-late growth stages, and enhance nitrogen use efficiency, thereby increasing rice yield.

Key words: Nitrogen application, Side-deep fertilization, Rice growth, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

游昊, 宋文杰, 付斌, 张大弘, 江勋, 卢碧林. 基蘖同步侧深施下氮肥运筹对水稻生长、氮素利用和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (5): 181–188

You Hao, Song Wenjie, Fu Bin, Zhang Dahong, Jiang Xun, Lu Bilin. Effects of Synchronized Basal-Tiller Side Deep Nitrogen Application on Rice Growth, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield[J]. Crops, 2026(5): 181–188

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处理 Treatment	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application	基肥Base fertilizer		分蘖肥Tillering fertilizer		穗肥Panicle fertilizer
处理 Treatment	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application	氮肥种类 Classification of nitrogen fertilizers	施氮量 Nitrogen application	氮肥种类 Classification of nitrogen fertilizers	施氮量 Nitrogen application	氮肥种类 Classification of nitrogen fertilizers	施氮量 Nitrogen application
N0	0.00	复合肥	0.00	尿素	0.00	尿素	0.00
N1	195.00	复合肥	97.50	尿素	58.50	尿素	39.00
N2	175.50	复合肥	87.75	尿素	52.65	尿素	35.10
N3	156.00	复合肥	78.00	尿素	46.80	尿素	31.20
N4	175.50	复合肥	78.00	尿素	58.50	尿素	39.00
N5	156.00	复合肥	58.50	尿素	58.50	尿素	39.00
CK	195.00	复合肥	97.50	尿素	58.50	尿素	39.00

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (×10⁴/hm²)	平均穗粒数 Average number of grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (×10³ kg/hm²)
2021	N0	184.03±3.18d	190.46±4.86b	87.80±0.44a	24.57±0.08a	7.43±0.23d
	N1	256.94±3.18a	217.22±12.58a	88.69±0.28a	24.55±0.04a	10.65±0.40a
	N2	245.14±3.18b	214.33±8.90a	88.48±0.11a	24.85±0.22a	9.98±0.30b
	N3	219.44±5.24c	220.59±3.75a	88.56±0.41a	24.64±0.31a	9.16±0.04c
	N4	243.75±3.61b	215.60±10.06a	88.29±0.30a	24.59±0.13a	9.68±0.22b
	N5	220.14±6.70c	219.73±3.84a	87.71±0.75a	24.60±0.05a	9.01±0.29c
	CK	239.58±3.61b	218.16±7.02a	88.36±0.95a	24.66±0.11a	9.72±0.29b
2022	N0	192.36±2.41d	182.80±14.89b	80.16±0.14a	24.32±0.05b	6.40±0.20d
	N1	274.31±2.40a	207.85±12.07a	80.36±0.36a	24.32±0.04b	9.17±0.34a
	N2	248.61±2.41b	205.20±8.38a	80.12±0.15a	24.61±0.21a	8.59±0.26b
	N3	236.80±3.18c	211.20±3.91a	80.20±0.76a	24.41±0.30ab	7.89±0.03c
	N4	247.92±2.09b	207.01±10.33a	79.74±0.58a	24.36±0.13ab	8.33±0.20b
	N5	234.03±4.34c	209.12±4.72a	79.90±0.34a	24.37±0.05ab	7.77±0.25c
	CK	250.70±3.18b	205.11±4.32a	79.94±0.41a	24.49±0.12ab	8.37±0.24b
年份Year (Y)		**	**	**	**	**
处理Treatment (T)		**	**	ns	*	**
Y×T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation (kg/hm²)	氮素表观利用率 ANUE (%)	氮素农学利用率 AE (kg/kg)	氮素生理利用率 PNUE (kg/kg)	氮素偏生产力 PFPN (kg/kg)
2021	N0	81.08±2.52d	/	/	/	/
	N1	161.50±2.33a	41.24±2.49a	16.49±0.86a	40.03±1.93ab	54.60±2.03c
	N2	141.88±1.17b	34.64±0.78b	14.50±0.75b	41.90±2.97a	56.84±1.68b
	N3	123.10±5.54c	26.93±3.51c	11.09±1.26de	41.34±3.20a	58.72±0.23a
	N4	141.97±3.55b	34.69±2.96b	12.80±0.37c	37.11±3.98cd	55.13±1.26c
	N5	121.87±1.18c	26.14±2.07c	10.13±0.39e	38.88±2.72bc	57.76±1.86ab
	CK	144.79±2.90b	32.67±2.27b	11.74±0.37cd	36.04±2.43d	49.85±1.48d
2022	N0	70.70±0.69d	/	/	/	/
	N1	141.29±3.34a	36.20±1.67a	14.20±0.78a	39.24±0.72abc	47.03±1.77c
	N2	122.81±1.54b	29.67±0.93b	12.49±0.63b	42.11±2.73ab	48.96±1.49b
	N3	105.29±4.59c	22.17±2.89c	9.54±1.10c	43.16±3.32a	50.57±0.20a
	N4	121.65±6.77b	29.03±3.67b	11.90±0.73b	38.29±5.35bc	47.46±1.15c
	N5	105.88±2.77c	22.56±1.69c	8.75±0.28c	38.91±1.87abc	49.79±1.57ab
	CK	125.86±0.70b	28.29±0.48b	10.08±0.29c	35.64±0.84c	42.90±1.25d
年份Year (Y)		**	**	**	ns	**
处理Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**
Y×T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation				净干物质积累量 Net matter accumulation
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage	分蘖―孕穗期 Tillering-booting	孕穗―齐穗期 Booting-full heading	齐穗―成熟期 Full heading-mature
2021	CK	1.30±0.02a	8.21±0.17b	14.59±0.19b	22.79±0.39b	6.92±0.16b	6.38±0.24a	8.20±0.23b
	N0	0.56±0.01e	5.78±0.17d	9.81±0.39d	16.06±0.41d	5.22±0.16d	4.03±0.27c	6.24±0.13d
	N1	1.30±0.05a	9.14±0.09a	15.99±0.02a	24.91±0.33a	7.84±0.11a	6.85±0.07a	8.92±0.31a
	N2	1.24±0.05b	8.20±0.15b	14.76±0.29b	23.25±0.18b	6.96±0.12b	6.56±0.44a	8.50±0.14b
	N3	1.19±0.02c	7.66±0.13c	13.33±0.14c	21.13±0.31c	6.46±0.15c	5.67±0.02b	7.80±0.22c
	N4	1.20±0.02c	8.14±0.21b	14.90±0.56b	23.27±0.54b	6.94±0.20b	6.76±0.62a	8.37±0.06b
	N5	1.03±0.02d	7.53±0.08c	13.06±0.18c	20.87±0.37c	6.50±0.08c	5.53±0.16b	7.81±0.20c
2022	CK	1.04±0.02b	8.43±0.27b	14.30±0.19b	20.05±0.60b	7.38±0.27b	5.88±0.40a	5.75±0.66bc
	N0	0.59±0.01c	5.64±0.51d	9.68±0.17d	14.28±0.68d	5.05±0.01e	5.59±0.51a	4.60±0.17c
	N1	1.27±0.08a	9.56±0.36a	15.15±0.21a	22.17±0.44a	8.29±0.08a	5.59±0.36a	7.02±0.21a
	N2	1.24±0.08a	8.36±0.36b	14.20±0.48b	20.56±0.27b	7.12±0.08bc	5.85±0.36a	6.36±0.48ab
	N3	1.23±0.02a	7.66±0.12c	12.36±0.28c	18.50±0.67c	6.43±0.02d	4.70±0.12b	6.14±0.28ab
	N4	1.26±0.05a	8.31±0.32b	14.15±0.09b	20.29±1.01b	7.05±0.05bcd	5.84±0.32a	6.14±0.09ab
	N5	1.02±0.04b	7.56±0.09c	12.13±0.15c	18.35±0.32c	6.54±0.04cd	4.57±0.09b	6.22±0.15ab
年份Year (Y)		**	ns	**	**	ns	**	**
处理Treatment (T)		*	**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×T		**	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns