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作物杂志,2026, 第5期: 171–180 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.020

• • 上一篇    下一篇

缓控释肥对水稻产量及灌浆期叶片碳氮代谢的影响

江峥嵘1(), 陈秋丽2(), 曾娜娜1, 刘松1, 林最昌1, 杨扬1, 丁艳锋1, 李刚华1()   

  1. 1 南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室， 210095， 江苏南京
    2 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所， 221131， 江苏徐州
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-15 修回日期:2026-06-03 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 李刚华，主要从事作物生理与栽培研究，E-mail：lgh@njau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:江峥嵘，主要从事水稻生理生态研究，E-mail：jzr@njau.edu.cn；|陈秋丽为共同第一作者，主要从事水稻生理生态研究，E-mail：chen1842765@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（C类）(32502029);江苏省自然科学青年基金(BK20241545);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M761439)

Effects of Slow- and Controlled-Release Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Leaf Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism during the Grain-Filling Stage in Rice

Jiang Zhengrong1(), Chen Qiuli2(), Zeng Nana1, Liu Song1, Lin Zuichang1, Yang Yang1, Ding Yanfeng1, Li Ganghua1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    2 Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2026-04-15 Revised:2026-06-03 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要：

水稻灌浆期叶片碳氮代谢是调控产量形成的关键生理过程。为探究不同类型缓控释肥能否通过调控灌浆期叶片碳氮代谢进而影响水稻产量，于2020-2021年水稻生长季，以宁粳8号为供试材料，设置传统分次施肥（CK）及4种缓控释肥处理（速效缓释型肥料UF和SCU，控释型肥料PCU和BBF），开展田间试验。结果表明，UF和SCU处理的产量显著低于CK，2020年分别降低17.65%和5.88%，2021年分别降低13.40%和23.21%；而PCU和BBF处理的产量与CK相当，主要归因于其总颖花量和粒重均维持在CK水平。UF和SCU处理因水稻生育后期氮素供应不足，叶片光合能力下降，蔗糖与淀粉利用效率降低，碳氮代谢关键酶活性较低；PCU处理养分在生育后期大量释放，灌浆期氮素供应充足，促进了叶片碳代谢物的吸收利用，并增强了氮代谢物含量及相关酶活性；双峰释放模式的BBF处理在生育后期维持了适度的氮素供应，叶片光合能力较高，碳氮代谢水平趋于适中，从而使产量达到CK水平。综上，合理选择在水稻生育后期能够适量供应氮素的缓控释肥，有助于维持水稻高产。

关键词: 水稻, 缓控释肥, 产量, 叶片, 碳氮代谢, 灌浆期

Abstract:

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice leaves during the grain-filling stage is a key physiological process regulating yield formation. To investigate whether different types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers influence rice yield by modulating leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism during the grain-filling stage, a field experiment was conducted using the rice variety Ningjing 8 during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. The treatments comprised conventional split fertilization (CK) and four slow- and controlled-release fertilizers: the fast-acting slow-release fertilizers (UF and SCU), and the controlled-release fertilizers (PCU and BBF). The results showed that yields under UF and SCU were significantly lower than those under CK, with reductions of 17.65% and 5.88% in 2020, and 13.40% and 23.21% in 2021, respectively. By contrast, yields under PCU and BBF were comparable to CK, primarily due to their total spikelet number and grain weight being sustained at CK levels. The UF and SCU treatments resulted in insufficient nitrogen supply during the grain-filling stage, leading to reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity, lower sucrose and starch utilization efficiency, and diminished activities of key carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes. The PCU treatment, characterized by concentrated nutrient release during the grain-filling period, ensured adequate nitrogen supply throughout grain filling, thereby promoting the absorption and utilization of carbon metabolites in leaves while enhancing nitrogen metabolite content and associated enzyme activities. The BBF treatment, featuring a bimodal release pattern, provided a moderate nitrogen supply during the grain-filling stage, which supported relatively high leaf photosynthetic capacity and balanced carbon and nitrogen metabolic activity, ultimately achieving yields comparable to CK. In conclusion, selecting slow- and controlled-release fertilizers that ensure an adequate nitrogen supply during grain-filling stage of rice is an effective strategy to sustain high grain yield.

Key words: Rice, Slow-controlled release fertilizer, Yield, Leaves, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism, Grain- filling stage

图1

不同类型缓控释肥的积累氮及阶段氮释放速率

表1

基因引物信息

基因Gene 正向引物Forward primer (5’-3’) 反向引物Reverse primer (3’-5’)
OsActin CAATCGTGAGAAGATGACCC GTCCATCAGGAAGCTCGTAGC
OsSUT2 TCTTTTATCGGTGGGCTGGT TTGCAAAGAATGGCCGACAA
OsSUT4 CTCGTGCCCTTTTAGCTGAC AACGTTTCCAACAGCCATCC
OsGS2 TGGGTTGGAGGAACTGGAATT ACGTTTGTTAGTAGGGATGGG
OsDOF11 CAATGCCCATCATGCCAGCA GCTCTGCAGCCTTGGACTAT

表2

2020-2021年不同类型缓控释肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

年份
Year		 肥料类型
Fertilizer
type		 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)		 有效穗数
Effective panicle
number (/m2)		 每穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 总颖花量
Total number of
spikelets (/hm2)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 粒重
Grain weight
(mg)
2020 CK 10.2ab 314.4ab 129.0a 4.1a 93.9a 26.9c
UF 8.4c 286.2c 112.3b 3.2c 94.9a 27.6ab
SCU 9.6b 305.5abc 117.5b 3.6bc 95.4a 28.0a
PCU 10.2ab 293.3bc 131.8a 3.9ab 94.9a 27.8a
BBF 10.8a 325.3a 131.2a 4.3a 93.6a 27.2bc
2021 CK 11.2a 323.0a 137.9a 4.4a 96.8a 26.1c
UF 9.7b 335.7a 110.5c 3.7b 93.6a 28.3a
SCU 8.6b 343.3a 94.2c 3.2c 94.9a 28.1ab
PCU 11.1a 368.3a 116.0abc 4.3a 96.3a 27.2b
BBF 11.0a 355.7a 117.3ab 4.2a 95.6a 27.5ab
F-value 处理（T） ** ns ** ** ns **
年份（Y） ** ** * * ns ns
T×Y ** ns ns ** ns *

图2

2020-2021年不同类型缓控释肥对水稻灌浆期剑叶SPAD值及光合参数的影响 不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著（P < 0.05），下同。

图3

不同类型缓控释肥对水稻灌浆期剑叶中碳代谢物含量及其关键酶活性的影响

图4

不同类型缓控释肥对水稻灌浆期剑叶中氮代谢物含量及其关键酶活性的影响

图5

缓控释肥处理下水稻产量构成因素与剑叶碳氮代谢关键酶活的相关性分析 Y：产量，TNS：总颖花量，GW：粒重。7DAA、21DAA、35DAA分别表示花后7 d（灌浆前期）、21 d（灌浆中期）和35 d（灌浆后期）。

图6

不同类型缓控释肥对水稻灌浆期剑叶中碳氮同化关键基因表达的影响

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