Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 26-32.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.06.005

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Mechanisms of High Efficiency of N Uptake and Usage in Rice and Its Cultivation Practice

Chen Ying,Zhou Zhenxiang,Zhou Tianyang,Xu Zhiwei,Wang Zhiqin,Gu Junfei   

  1. College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China
  • Received:2016-08-31 Revised:2016-10-29 Online:2016-12-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

A large amount of nitrogen application will not only cause a waste of resource but also cause environmental pollution. To improve the use efficiency of nitrogen is the key to achieve high use efficiency of resources and environmentally friend agriculture. This paper mainly discussed the mechanisms and metabolic control of N absorption and utilization: (1) the response of roots system to the absorption of nitrogen, including morphological and physiological characteristics; (2) the morphological and physiological characteristics of canopy in high N use efficient plants, including light and nitrogen distribution, enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, hormones related to nitrogen metabolism; (3) the management and cultivation methods to improve nitrogen absorption and utilization, such as straw application, site-specific N management, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying. In the end, we prospected the progresses in high N absorption and utilization efficiency in rice research.

Key words: Rice, High nitrogen efficient utilization, Roots system, Canopy

Table 1

Agronomic and physiological traits for high nitrogen use efficient rice"

农艺和生理特性Agronomic and physiological characteristics 指数Index
子粒产量Grain yield (t/hm2) ≥9.5[60];≥7.24[63]
农艺N利用效率Agronomic N use efficiency (kg/kg) ≥19.5[60];≥16.04[63]
N吸收量N uptake (kg/hm2) ≥140.0[60]
N肥表观回收效率Apparent recovery efficiency of N fertilizer (%) ≥34.8[60]
内部N利用效率Internal N use efficiency (kg/kg) ≥67.0[60]
N素吸收利用率N recovery efficiency (%) ≥45.45[63]
N素生理利用率Physiological efficiency of applied N (kg/kg) ≥38.9[63]
N偏生产力Partial factor productivity of applied N (kg/kg) ≥48.24[63]
拔节期光合氮素利用效率Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency at elongating stage [μmol/(mmol·leaf N·s)] ≥114[62]
拔节期气孔导度Stomatal conductance at elongating stage [mol H2O/(m2·s)]
 >0.50[62]
抽穗期地上部干物重Shoot biomass at heading (t/hm2) 9.9~10.3[60]
开花期到成熟期作物生长速率Crop growth rate from panicle initiation to maturity [g/(m2·d)] ≥14.5[60]
抽穗期比叶氮Specific leaf N content at heading (g/m2) 2.2~2.3[60]
抽穗期光氮利用效率Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency at heading [μmol/(g·s)] ≥10.5[60]
抽穗期在土壤10.1~20.0cm土层的根系生物量Root biomass in 10.1-20.0cm soil layer at heading (g/m2) 44.5~46.5[60]
抽穗期总根长Root length at heading (km/m2) 24.2~26.5[60]
抽穗期单位土壤体积根总长Root length density at heading (cm/cm3) 12.8~14.2[60]
抽穗期根氧化活力Root oxidation activity at heading [μg α-NA(g·DW·h)] 450.0~500.0[60]
抽穗期茎秆中非结构性碳水化合物含量Nonstructural carbohydrate in the stem at heading (g/m2) ≥285.0[60]
子粒灌浆期间非结构性碳水化合物的再活化Nonstructural carbohydrate remobilization during grain filling (%) 57.5~58.5[60]
子粒灌浆速率Filled grains rate (%) 82.8~84.5[61]
单位面积总粒数Spikelets per area (粒/hm2) ≥4.0×108[61]
收获指数N harvest index (%) ≥68.34[63]
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