Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 136-140.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.02.024

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Effects of Slow-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Brassica napus (Fengyou 10)

Cai Dongfang,Zhang Shufen,Wang Jianping,He Junping,Cao Jinhua,Wen Yancheng,Zhao Lei,Wang Dongguo,Zhu Jiacheng   

  1. Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Genetic Improvement in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2017-11-02 Revised:2018-01-17 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-08-27

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Abstract:

Nitrogen nutrition regulation is an important means to regulate crop growth and photosynthetic rate. To explore simplified and efficient nitrogen fertilizer management, the hybrid rapeseed Fengyou 10 was used to investigate the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates and slow-release urea on chlorophyll content, leaf area index, photosynthetic parameters, agronomic traits and yield. The result showed that, as nitrogen application rates increased, chlorophyll content and leaf area index at budding and flowering period increased, and the values of chlorophyll content at flowering period was significantly higher than the control N0. Nitrogen application rates had significant effects on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration at budding period, but little effects on these four photosynthetic parameters at flowering period. The plant height, the branch number, siliques number of 1st branches and total siliques number per plant significantly increased and the highest yield was 2 929.33kg/hm 2 when the urea application rate reached 240kg/hm 2, While the slow-release urea application rate reached to 180kg/hm 2, the highest yield was 2 696.17kg/hm 2 and had no significant difference with that of separately application, which was simplified and efficient fertilizer management.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Photosynthetic parameters, Slow-release urea, Brassica napus, Fengyou 10

Table 1

Fertilizer types and application rates in different treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 基肥Base fertilizer 苗肥
Seedling fertilizer		 越冬肥
Wintering fertilizer		 薹肥
Bolting fertilizer
尿素
Urea		 控释尿素
Slow-release urea		 过磷酸钙
Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O		 氯化钾
KCl		 硼砂
B		 尿素Urea 尿素Urea 尿素Urea
1 N0 – – 750 200 15 0 0 0
2 U4 66 – 750 200 15 26 20 20
3 U8 131 – 750 200 15 52 39 39
4 U12 196 – 750 200 15 105 59 59
5 U16 261 – 750 200 15 105 78 78
6 N12 392 – 750 200 15 – – –
7 CRU4 – 140 750 200 15 – – –
8 CRU8 – 279 750 200 15 – – –
9 CRU12 – 419 750 200 15 – – –
10 CRU16 – 558 750 200 15 – – –

Table 2

Effects of different N rates on chlorophyll content and leaf area index of rapeseed"

处理
Treatment		 叶绿素SPAD值Chlorophyll content 叶面积指数Leaf area index
蕾薹期Budding period 花期Flowering period 蕾薹期Budding period 花期Flowering period
N0 42.11±1.75a 49.04±3.65b 2.67±0.24a 6.02±0.64a
U4 42.70±2.45a 50.53±2.10ab 2.79±0.64a 6.79±0.52a
U8 42.51±0.86a 53.68±3.17a 3.03±0.55a 6.50±0.90a
U12 45.17±2.02a 53.74±1.84a 3.70±0.52a 7.10±0.94a
U16 44.89±2.23a 52.13±2.93ab 3.40±0.14a 6.86±0.91a
N12 44.82±0.85a 52.85±2.23ab 3.07±0.09a 7.07±0.95a
CRU4 44.21±1.08a 51.79±1.00ab 2.81±0.74a 6.23±0.41a
CRU8 43.09±1.78a 51.55±1.80ab 3.27±0.42a 6.38±0.30a
CRU12 43.03±1.28a 52.32±2.95ab 3.54±0.62a 6.48±0.65a
CRU16 44.31±3.44a 52.92±2.82ab 3.56±0.74a 6.40±0.26a

Table 3

Effects of different N rates on photosynthetic parameters of rapeseed"

处理Treatment 光合速率Pn [μmol/(m2·s)] 蒸腾速率Tr [mmol/(m2·s)] 气孔导度Gs [mmol/(m2·s)] 胞间CO2浓度Ci (μmol/mol)
蕾薹期
Budding period		 花期
Flowering period		 蕾薹期
Budding period		 花期
Flowering period		 蕾薹期
Budding period		 花期
Flowering period		 蕾薹期
Budding period		 花期
Flowering period
N0 20.73±4.20c 25.20±0.78a 3.53±0.35c 2.80±0.11a 335.13±75.50a 142.50±8.22a 350.23±33.48a 199.33±43.66a
U4 29.39±2.04ab 22.38±1.10a 3.54±0.36bc 2.75±0.66a 332.93±36.48a 137.33±37.50a 326.63±17.69abc 190.33±53.53a
U8 26.22±2.37abc 22.72±0.66a 3.97±0.38abc 2.44±0.51a 361.40±84.91a 137.25±20.29a 341.47±45.84ab 167.00±27.62a
U12 30.92±2.43a 22.07±3.57a 4.24±0.28ab 2.67±0.77a 321.03±40.18a 148.23±30.08a 284.23±20.62bc 179.67±29.94a
U16 25.85±2.68abc 22.21±2.67a 3.69±0.13bc 2.99±0.43a 285.63±12.91a 144.17±30.45a 298.10±19.85abc 230.67±28.36a
N12 22.91±1.49bc 21.94±4.19a 3.48±0.33c 2.04±0.35a 251.95±11.95a 159.57±16.36a 316.43±23.47abc 196.67±20.55a
CRU4 28.06±4.94abc 25.58±2.39a 3.67±0.21bc 2.95±0.20a 343.60±25.46a 170.57±16.14a 282.37±27.15bc 188.33±10.26a
CRU8 27.00±1.79abc 23.31±1.28a 3.82±0.36bc 2.41±0.54a 332.47±73.84a 135.80±49.64a 297.23±40.48abc 189.50±10.61a
CRU12 30.92±2.67a 23.33±1.41a 4.10±0.54abc 2.35±0.21a 348.73±80.70a 153.70±48.87a 280.70±26.23c 176.67±46.48a
CRU16 30.25±2.79ab 25.48±4.23a 4.62±0.30a 2.40±0.71a 365.97±55.07a 147.60±47.80a 309.70±35.99abc 180.67±20.40a

Table 4

The comparison of agronomic traits and yield under different N rates in Brassica napus"

处理
Treatment		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 第一分枝高度(cm)
1st branch height		 一次分枝数
1st branches		 主花序Main inflorescence 一次分枝角果数
Pods of 1st branch		 单株角果数
Pods per plant		 角长(cm)
Pod length		 角粒数
Seeds per pod		 千粒重(g)
1000-seed weight		 子粒产量(kg/hm2)
Seed yield
长度(cm)
Length		 角果数
Pods
N0 152.13±5.79b 67.34±4.64ab 6.23±0.50b 46.43±5.80a 51.10±4.45a 126.03±9.76b 177.71±12.57b 8.01±0.63a 26.85±1.37a 3.25±0.07ab 2 255.33±99.61b
U4 163.68±8.40ab 75.25±5.99ab 6.17±0.56b 52.03±4.88a 58.30±3.88a 133.34±23.05ab 182.41±24.43b 7.91±0.21a 29.13±2.78a 3.12±0.15ab 2 756.00±103.95a
U8 161.23±13.62ab 75.46±10.59ab 6.63±0.75ab 48.01±8.22a 57.79±2.39a 120.79±4.36b 175.61±1.98b 8.33±0.58a 28.88±2.34a 3.27±0.05a 2 666.67±195.96a
U12 160.03±6.16ab 75.37±10.69ab 6.68±0.42ab 46.98±8.31a 55.13±7.44a 141.38±41.93ab 195.83±46.74ab 7.99±0.77a 27.12±2.54a 3.18±0.15ab 2 806.17±144.46a
U16 168.54±12.90a 63.13±9.66b 7.49±0.30a 53.68±7.82a 57.79±3.54a 168.05±13.79a 225.61±15.48a 8.50±0.62a 29.28±3.20a 3.25±0.31ab 2 929.33±299.34a
N12 163.67±7.05ab 75.88±6.20ab 7.08±0.59ab 50.92±2.65a 57.82±5.57a 128.62±10.29b 188.02±12.07ab 7.95±0.69a 28.11±1.33a 3.16±0.14ab 2 632.33±118.04ab
CRU4 158.13±6.77ab 77.92±2.14a 6.17±1.02b 44.88±2.88a 51.73±6.16a 123.58±30.64b 178.58±28.46b 8.31±01.26a 29.06±1.15a 3.20±0.12ab 2 540.33±243.38ab
CRU8 162.29±12.37ab 77.88±7.28a 6.38±0.65b 47.05±7.74a 54.43±4.23a 113.30±9.02b 168.09±7.06b 7.98±0.27a 26.21±4.21a 3.00±0.24ab 2 590.17±285.58ab
CRU12 155.29±6.82ab 71.58±9.21ab 6.50±0.98ab 46.08±7.42a 52.21±5.33a 135.67±35.26ab 183.91±43.30b 7.98±1.10a 28.86±2.12a 3.06±0.20ab 2 696.17±362.13a
CRU16 157.83±12.21ab 74.23±8.07ab 6.60±0.60ab 46.87±6.30a 59.13±3.35a 131.88±19.26ab 179.42±32.63b 7.89±1.03a 27.46±0.81a 2.96±0.09b 2 613.00±28.23ab
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