Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 141-147.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.02.025

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The Uniformity of Mechanical-Transplanted Early-Season Rice under Different Seeding Rates and Its Effects on the Formation of Grain Yield

Wang Jianjun,Zeng Yongjun,Yi Yanhong,Zhang Qiming,Hu Qixing,Tan Xueming,Huang Shan,Shang Qingyin,Zeng Yanhua,Shi Qinghua   

  1. Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China/Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2017-12-05 Revised:2018-02-05 Online:2018-04-20 Published:2018-08-27

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Abstract:

Mechanical transplanting is an important direction for rice production. But many problems such as holes leakage and bad uniformity were still existed in the process of mechanical transplanting, which give great effects on plant growth and yield formation for rice. In this study, Zhongjiazao17, a conventional indica rice variety was used, and different seed sowing rates (50g/tray, 70g/tray, 90g/tray and 110g/tray) were set to create mechanical transplanting populations of different uniformity, and its effects on plant growth and grain yield were analyzed by comparing to manual transplanting. The results showed that compared with manual uniform planting treatments, mechanical treatments exists high leakage rate, the coefficient of variation of seedlings per stalk was high, population uniformity were poor, leading to lower spike rate and spike number. The population ability to intercept light decreased, material production reduced, yield decreased significantly. But with the increase of sowing rate, uniformity of mechanical-transplanted rice was improved, the difference of yield compared with manual uniform transplanting became lessen. Based on the data of yield in both years, when the sowing rate exceed 90g/tray, the yield of mechanical treatments didn’t increased significantly, even appeared a descending trend. The results showed that under the condition of mechanical-transplanting, the uniformity was important factor which influenced yield. It is helpful to promote the yield of early-season rice, by increasing sowing rate appropriately and increasing the uniformity of rice planting.

Key words: Mechanical-transplanted early season rice, Uniformity, Yield, Sowing rate

Table 1

Seedlings per hole and its uniformity ratio of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 漏蔸率(%)
Leakage rate		 每穴苗数
Seedlings per hole		 每穴苗数变异系数(%)
CV of seedlings per hole		 均匀度系数
Uniformity ratio
2016 J1 16.51aA 2.13aA 68.12aA 0.27bB
S1 0.00bB 2.18aA 5.48bB 0.95aA
J2 10.55aA 3.34aA 57.34aA 0.38bB
S2 0.00bB 3.37aA 4.21bB 0.96aA
J3 5.22aA 3.77aA 50.40aA 0.47bB
S3 0.00bB 3.84aA 3.45bB 0.97aA
J4 2.67aA 4.55aA 41.60aA 0.57bB
S4 0.00bB 4.62aA 1.58bB 0.98aA
2017 J1 17.17aA 1.83aA 74.11aA 0.21bB
S1 0.00bB 1.84aA 6.76bB 0.93aA
J2 11.10aA 2.38aA 57.91aA 0.38bB
S2 0.00bB 2.45aA 5.75bB 0.94aA
J3 5.85aA 3.95aA 47.76aA 0.49bB
S3 0.00bB 4.02aA 4.28bB 0.96aA
J4 3.15aA 4.63aA 42.06aA 0.56bB
S4 0.00bB 4.73aA 2.37bB 0.98aA

Table 2

Yield and its components of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment 有效穗(×104/hm2)
Effective panicles		 每穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 结实率(%)
Seed-setting rate		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 实际产量(t/hm2)
Yield		 减产百分率(%)
Yield reduction percentage
2016 J1 267.17bB 137.23aA 83.89aA 24.80aA 6.20bA 20.22
S1 355.24aA 127.32bB 80.15bA 24.47aA 7.78aA -
J2 297.32bA 133.51aA 84.99bA 25.28aA 6.69bA 18.14
S2 356.19aA 117.99bB 85.90aA 24.86aA 8.18aA -
J3 329.48bA 130.36aA 84.23aA 25.31aA 7.10bA 13.07
S3 365.72aA 122.78bB 83.52bA 24.79aA 8.16aA -
J4 350.39bA 125.76aA 84.57bA 24.24aA 7.20bA 9.94
S4 378.10aA 116.48bB 83.88aA 24.80aA 8.04aA -
2017 J1 200.38bB 169.52aA 78.28bA 26.58aA 6.69bA 8.55
S1 272.38aA 145.66bB 80.88aA 26.43aA 7.31aA -
J2 255.70bB 162.07aA 81.93aA 26.68aA 7.07bA 5.39
S2 300.00aA 150.13bB 78.60bA 26.22aA 7.48aA -
J3 277.64bB 156.54aA 80.62bA 26.16aA 7.79aA 3.71
S3 304.76aA 144.49bB 81.99aA 25.85aA 8.09aA -
J4 328.96bB 140.43aA 73.97bA 26.64aA 7.29aA 3.06
S4 348.57aA 131.33bB 76.82aA 26.34aA 7.52aA -

Table 3

Characteristics of stem and tiller formation of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株高峰苗数
Peak tillers per plant		 单株高峰苗数变异系数(%)
Peak tillers per plant CV		 单株有效穗数Panicles per plant 单株有效穗数变异系数(%)
Panicles per plant CV		 成穗率(%)
Spike rate
2016 J1 15.25bA 43.85 11.20bA 47.24 73.45bA
S1 16.47aA 20.90 12.43aA 27.34 75.49aA
J2 16.32bA 32.72 11.63bA 38.65 71.28bA
S2 16.73aA 17.22 12.47aA 27.51 74.32aA
J3 16.65bA 28.76 12.17bA 30.11 73.08bA
S3 16.93aA 14.07 12.80aA 23.92 75.61aA
J4 17.47bA 22.63 12.60bA 23.18 72.13bA
S4 17.80aA 10.90 13.23aA 18.65 74.35aA
2017 J1 11.86bB 34.26 8.47bA 39.38 71.37bA
S1 12.94aA 18.56 9.53aA 25.33 73.55aA
J2 14.06bA 28.43 10.07bA 32.75 71.59bA
S2 14.44aA 14.53 10.50aA 22.53 72.74aA
J3 14.57bA 23.44 10.32bA 25.20 70.85bA
S3 14.88aA 10.25 10.67aA 19.53 71.70aA
J4 16.46bA 16.74 11.89bA 21.58 72.24bA
S4 16.71aA 7.58 12.20aA 16.65 73.03aA

Table 4

Leaf area index of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 幼穗分化II期
Panicle differentiation
stage II		 抽穗期
Heading
stage		 成熟期
Maturing
stage
2016 J1 2.47bA 5.27bA 2.12bA
S1 2.62aA 5.79aA 2.29aA
J2 2.50bA 5.32bA 2.23bA
S2 2.88aA 5.69aA 2.48aA
J3 2.73bA 5.49bA 2.56bA
S3 2.97aA 5.87aA 2.70aA
J4 2.93bA 5.86bA 2.79bA
S4 3.30aA 6.25aA 2.90aA
2017 J1 2.28bA 5.01bA 2.07bA
S1 2.51aA 5.64aA 2.20aA
J2 2.61bA 5.28bA 2.40bA
S2 2.90aA 5.62aA 2.57aA
J3 2.78bA 5.41bA 2.51bA
S3 2.94aA 5.74aA 2.66aA
J4 2.80bA 5.80bA 2.73bA
S4 3.20aA 6.21aA 2.85aA

Table 5

Light transmittance of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 幼穗分化II期
Panicle differentiation stage II		 抽穗期
Heading stage
2016 J1 31.41aA 4.27aA
S1 23.64bB 2.48bB
J2 25.71aA 3.88aA
S2 18.73bB 2.38bB
J3 18.15aA 3.72aA
S3 11.74bB 2.30bB
J4 11.58aA 3.63aA
S4 6.55bB 2.23bB
2017 J1 33.27aA 5.21aA
S1 24.42bB 3.16bB
J2 27.14aA 4.71aA
S2 20.31bB 3.66bB
J3 19.68aA 3.88aA
S3 13.36bB 3.29bB
J4 12.74aA 3.66aA
S4 8.01bB 2.60bB

Table 6

Dry matter accumulation of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 幼穗分化II期Panicle differentiation stage II 抽穗期Heading stage 成熟期Maturing stage
群体干物质量
(t/hm2)
Population dry
matter weight		 单株干物质量
变异系数(%)
Dry matter weight
per plant CV		 群体干物质量
(t/hm2)
Population dry matter weight		 单株干物质量
变异系数(%)
Dry matter weight
per plant CV		 群体干物质量
(t/hm2)
Population dry matter weight		 单株干物质量
变异系数(%)
Dry matter weight
per plant CV
2016 J1 1.92bB 11.54 6.54bB 12.52 11.46bB 11.91
S1 2.60aA 5.57 8.47aA 7.69 14.65aA 4.51
J2 2.33bB 8.24 7.69bB 10.31 12.77bB 8.23
S2 2.69aA 4.39 8.72aA 5.36 15.43aA 2.72
J3 2.72bB 4.97 8.34bA 8.70 13.65bB 5.39
S3 3.01aA 2.98 8.72aA 3.39 15.45aA 2.70
J4 3.10bB 2.27 9.09bA 5.79 14.46bB 4.30
S4 3.29aA 1.22 9.38aA 2.45 15.83aA 1.53
2017 J1 1.72bB 13.58 7.39bB 12.44 11.84bB 12.29
S1 2.69aA 5.86 8.38aA 6.38 13.19aA 5.41
J2 2.41bA 7.48 9.26bA 9.60 13.86bA 9.56
S2 2.82aA 4.79 9.90aA 4.32 14.78aA 3.64
J3 2.85bA 7.44 10.43bA 3.96 15.55bA 8.21
S3 3.10aA 3.41 10.79aA 2.09 16.18aA 2.00
J4 3.15bB 2.56 11.42bA 3.37 16.17bA 5.40
S4 3.37aA 1.61 11.71aA 1.56 16.62aA 1.77

Table 7

Correlation between the uniformity ratio, leakage rate, seedlings per plant CV and yield, and its related factors"

项目Item 均匀度系数
Uniformity ratio		 漏蔸率(%)
Leakage rate		 单株苗数变异系数(%)
Seedlings per plant CV
有效穗数Effective panicles -0.81** -0.92** -0.81*
每穗粒数Grains per panicle -0.86** -0.90** -0.85**
结实率Seed-setting rate -0.13 -0.20 -0.12
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.70 -0.69 -0.68
实际产量Yield -0.91** -0.93** -0.91**
单株高峰苗数Peak tillers per plant -0.48 -0.67 -0.48
单株高峰苗数变异系数Peak tillers per plant CV (%) -0.93** -0.95** -0.92**
单株有效穗数Panicles per plant -0.63 -0.77** -0.63
单株有效穗数变异系数Panicles per plant CV (%) -0.82* -0.94** -0.81*
成穗率Spike rate (%) -0.86* -0.69 -0.87**
抽穗期叶面积指数Leaf area index of heading -0.81* -0.84** -0.81*
抽穗期透光率Light transmittance of heading -0.98** -0.94** -0.98**
幼穗分化II期单株干物质积累量变异系数
Dry matter accumulation per plant at stage II of young ear differentiation CV (%)		 -0.75* -0.90** -0.75*
抽穗期单株干物质积累量变异系数Dry matter accumulation per plant at heading stage CV (%) -0.81** -0.90** -0.81*
成熟期干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation at maturing stage -0.76* -0.88** -0.75*
成熟期单株干物质积累量变异系数Dry matter accumulation per plant at maturing stage CV (%) -0.98** -0.96** -0.92**
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