Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 132-136.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.021

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Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Sowing Densities on the Population Structure and Yield of Two Spike Type Winter Wheats

An Xia,Zhang Haijun,Jiang Fangshan,Lianjie Lü,Chen Jun   

  1. Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-03-19 Revised:2018-06-23 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-12
  • Contact: Haijun Zhang

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of different sowing dates and sowing densities on the population structure and yield components of two spike-type wheat cultivars, the large-spike cultivar Shannong No.23 and the multi-spike cultivar Jimai 22 were used to study the dynamics of wheat population, leaf area index after anthesis, grain filling process and yield components. The results showed that October 10 sowing date treatment was conducive to the population construction of two varieties of wheat. Delayed sowing date was not conducive to the reasonable population structure nor higher yields even by increasing the sowing density. When the sowing date was delayed, Shannong No.23 showed decreases in the leaf area index after anthesis, the spikes, the grains per spike and the grain filling rate. The grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight were decreased with the increase of sowing density. After the delayed sowing on Jimai 22, the spikes and the 1000-grain weight decreased. Increasing the sowing amount decreased the number of spikes and accelerated leaf senescence. The optimum sowing date of the two cultivars was October 10, the most appropriate sowing density of Shannong No.23 was 180kg/hm 2, while the Jimai 22 was 105kg/hm 2.

Key words: Winter wheat, Sowing date, Sowing density, Population structure, Yield

Table 1

Effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on the number of stems of different spike-type wheat varieties"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 基本苗(万/hm2)
Basic seedling		 越冬期(万/hm2)
Over-winter		 返青期(万/hm2)
Turning green		 拔节期(万/hm2)
Jointing		 成熟期(万/hm2)
Mature		 成穗率(%)
Earing rate
山农23号 T1 272.5bB 741.5aA 1 089.5abA 897.0abA 547.0bB 50.2
Shannong No.23 T2 261.5bB 564.5bB 1 221.0aA 1 013.0aA 502.5cC 38.7
T3 368.5aA 678.5aAB 1 054.5bA 850.5bA 628.0aA 59.6
济麦22 T1 247.0bB 696.5aA 1 289.0aA 1 069.5aA 496.0aA 38.5
Jimai 22 T2 215.5cB 291.5cB 1 232.0aA 1 022.5aA 488.0aAB 39.6
T3 314.0aA 380.0bB 1 225.0aA 1 059.0aA 466.5bB 39.3

Fig.1

Effects of different sowing dates and densities on leaf area index after flowering in wheat"

Fig.2

Effects of different sowing dates and densities on grain weight in wheat"

Table 2

Kernel filling equation of wheat under different sowing dates and planting densities"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 模拟方程Equation F检验F-test 相关系数Correlation coefficient
山农23号Shannong No.23 T1 y=46.688/(1+e3.236-0.177t) 945.97** 0.999
T2 y=46.809/(1+e3.216-0.170t) 322.72** 0.997
T3 y=44.875/(1+e3.468-0.181t) 573.89** 0.998
济麦22 Jimai 22 T1 y=52.678/(1+e2.980-0.169t) 740.63** 0.999
T2 y=52.733/(1+e3.139-0.168t) 283.23** 0.996
T3 y=52.087/(1+e3.228-0.170t) 163.40** 0.994

Table 3

The grain filling parameters of wheat under different sowing dates and planting densities"

品种
Variety		 处理Treatment Tmax
(d)		 Rmax
(mg/d)		 T
(d)		 R
(mg/d)		 渐增期
Gradual increase stage		 快增期
Rapid increase stage		 缓增期
Slow increase stage
T1(d) R1(mg/d) T2(d) R2(mg/d) T3(d) R3(g/d)
山农23号 T1 18.27 2.068 44.21 1.315 10.83 1.374 14.87 1.998 18.50 0.732
Shannong No.23 T2 18.95 1.986 46.04 1.269 11.19 1.384 15.52 1.978 19.32 0.633
T3 19.15 2.031 44.53 1.307 11.88 1.404 14.55 1.999 18.11 0.687
济麦22 T1 17.63 2.225 44.83 1.299 9.84 1.353 15.58 1.978 19.40 0.727
Jimai 22 T2 18.70 2.213 46.08 1.268 10.86 1.375 15.69 1.977 19.53 0.640
T3 19.01 2.211 46.07 1.269 11.25 1.386 15.51 1.978 19.31 0.630

Fig.3

Effects of sowing dates and planting densities on the yields and yield components of wheat varietiesST1, ST2 and ST3 indicate three treatments of Shannong No.23. JT1, JT2 and JT3 indicate three treatments of Jimai No.22. Different letters in column mean difference significant at 0.05 level among the six treatments"

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