Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 117-123.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.01.019

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Study on the Difference of Nutrient Absorption between Winter Rape Cultivars at Early Maturity and Conventional Maturity

Hu Yuqian,Zi Tao,Xiong Tinghao,Zhang Zhenhua,Song Haixing()   

  1. School of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2019-07-05 Revised:2019-10-22 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-23
  • Contact: Haixing Song E-mail:shx723@163.com

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Abstract:

Difference of dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption between early maturing cultivars (Xiangyou 420 and Xiangyou 642) and conventional mature cultivars (Xiangyou 1035, hybrid rape Xiangzayou 710×1035) of rape in the triple cropping area of South China, and to provide a basis for fertilization under rice-rice-rapeseed cropping system was explored in this study. A field experiment was conducted in Hunan Hengyang in winter 2017 to spring 2018 years. There was no significant difference in yield and yield harvest index between early maturing winter rapeseed cultivars and conventional mature winter rapeseed cultivars. For the early maturing winter rapeseed cultivars, the accumulation proportion of dry matter and phosphorus element was the largest in anthesis to silique stage, about 79.9%-80.0%, 69.3%-79.5% respectively, and the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium was the largest in anthesis, about 46.8%-47.7%, 39.9%-52.3% respectively. For the conventional mature winter rapeseed cultivars, the accumulation proportion of dry matter, phosphorus and potassium was the largest in the anthesis, about 37.1%-38.6%, 44.1%-49.3%, 32.8%-36.2% respectively, the maximum accumulation rate of nitrogen in seedling stage was about 48.6%-73.9%. Compared with the conventional mature winter rapeseed cultivars, the peak absorption of dry matter and nutrients by early maturing winter rapeseed cultivars was delayed, and the accumulation of dry matter and P, K nutrients was mostly concentrated in anthesis to silique stage. The nutrient accumulation of winter rape increased with the increase of dry matter accumulation. The growth period of early maturing winter rapeseed cultivars was 185d shorter than that of conventional mature winter rapeseed cultivars which lasted 200d, which could alleviate the contradiction of stubble during rice-rape rotation. The accumulation of nutrients of N and P in harvest period was significantly higher than that of conventional mature winter rapeseed cultivars, and the nutrient accumulation characteristics of N, P, K was suitable for slow and controlled release fertilizers. Because of the short growth period and high nutrient accumulation, there are seasonal advantages and nutrient accumulation advantages in planting early maturing winter rapeseed cultivars in the triple cropping area of the South China.

Key words: Early-maturity winter rape, Dry matter, Nutrient element, Absorption regularity

Table 1

Comparison of dry matter and nutrient accumulation between two kinds of winter rape cultivars at harvest stage kg/hm2"

品种Cultivar 总干物质Total dry matter 籽粒产量Oilseed yield 氮Nitrogen 磷Phosphorus 钾Potassium
湘油420 Xiangyou 420 12 412ab 3 433a 134.1a 31.7a 302.4a
湘油642 Xiangyou 642 09 685b 2 187b 117.4b 28.4ab 248.9b
湘油1035 Xiangyou 1035 13 427a 3 180a 109.1b 27.4ab 322.7a
湘杂油710×1035 Xiangzayou 710×1035 11 326ab 2 688ab 093.5c 23.5b 303.1a

Table 2

Yield and nutrient yield indexes of two kinds of winter rape cultivars at harvest stage %"

品种Cultivar 籽粒产量
Oilseed yield		 氮
Nitrogen		 磷
Phosphorus		 钾
Potassium
湘油420
Xiangyou 420		 27.7a 74.5b 77.8ab 12.7a
湘油642
Xiangyou 642		 22.4b 69.7c 66.6c 9.7b
湘油1035
Xiangyou 1035		 23.7ab 80.8a 76.3b 10.3b
湘杂油710×1035
Xiangzayou 710×1035		 23.7ab 78.8a 82.2a 7.2c

Fig.1

Dry matter accumulation dynamics and net increment variance between winter rape cultivars at early maturity and conventional maturity Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level. The same below"

Fig.2

Nitrogen accumulation dynamics and net increment variance between winter rape cultivars at early maturity and conventional maturity"

Fig.3

Phosphorus accumulation dynamics and net increment variance between winter rape cultivars at early maturity and conventional maturity"

Fig.4

Potassium accumulation dynamics and net increment variance between winter rape cultivars at early maturity and conventional maturity"

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