Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 154-163.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.023

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Effects of Different Types of Mulch Film and Irrigation Methods at Seedling Stage on Growth and Development of Tobacco in Xiangyang Mountain Area

Guo Xiaoheng1(), Wei Shuoguo1, Wang Xiaoli2, Xu Rui2, Han Dan1(), Xu Zicheng1()   

  1. 1Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Xiangyang Company of Hubei Tobacco Company, Xiangyang 441003, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-03-28 Revised:2020-06-05 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: Han Dan,Xu Zicheng E-mail:1085201371@qq.com;handan1987happy@126.com;zichengxu@126.com

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Abstract:

In this study, Yunyan 87 was taken as study material. In 2018 and 2019, the interaction of three irrigation methods (conventional irrigation, mild supplementary irrigation and heavy supplementary irrigation) and four kinds of films (white film, light-transfer film, color matching film and black film) was studied on soil temperature and soil moisture content under ridging films at seedling stage, the agronomic characters and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants when uncovering films, as well as the yield and quality of tobacco after roasting. The results showed that: the effect of supplementary irrigation methods on soil temperature under ridging films was small. The heating effect of white film and light-transfer film was better than that of color matching film and black film under the same supplementary irrigation condition, and the moisture content of 0-15cm soil under the color-coated ridging films was black film > color matching film > light-transfer film > white film, and the moisture content of 15-30cm soil was white film > light-transfer film > color matching film > black film. Under the same mulching treatment, the soil moisture content in the 1-7d after transplanting showed an increasing trend with the increasing of the supplemental irrigation amount, especially in the 0-15cm soil layer. The matter accumulation of roots, leaves and branches, as well as the yield and quality of flue cured tobacco were the best when the agronomic characters of tobacco plants were treated with M-Z (light supplementary irrigation + light film). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the technique of light supplementary irrigation + light film could promote the growth and development of tobacco plants in the early stage and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.

Key words: Mountain area, Flue-cured tobacco, Supplementary irrigation, Film color, Interaction

Table 1

Test treatments"

处理Treatment 白膜White film 转光膜Light transfer film 黑膜Black film 配色膜Color matching film
常规灌溉Conventional irrigation C-B C-Z C-H C-P
轻度补灌Mild supplement irrigation M-B M-Z M-H M-P
重度补灌Heavy supplement irrigation H-B H-Z H-H H-P

Fig.1

Field climate during the experiment"

Fig.2

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on soil temperature under ridge film"

Fig.3

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on soil moisture content of 0-15cm under ridge film"

Fig.4

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on soil moisture content of 15-30cm under ridge film"

Table 2

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on agronomic traits of tobacco plants"

年份
Year		 覆膜颜色
Film color		 有效叶片数
Effective blade number		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎围
Stem circumference (cm)		 叶长
Leaf length (cm)		 节间距
Pitch interval (cm)
C M H C M H C M H C M H C M H
2018 B 10.50a 13.67a 11.00a 42.51ab 63.25a 44.10ab 6.24ab 6.89ab 6.50ab 52.30ab 60.84ab 53.94a 5.10abc 6.25b 5.59ab
Z 10.84a 14.00a 11.17a 47.58a 63.67a 49.22a 6.32a 7.00a 6.64a 53.00a 62.17a 54.35a 5.39a 6.69a 5.79a
H 9.84ab 13.67a 10.17a 35.56c 57.42b 38.04c 6.02b 6.67bc 6.37bc 50.40c 58.84c 50.77b 4.79c 6.09bc 5.39c
P 10.17a 13.67a 10.67a 39.27bc 62.59ab 41.29bc 6.16ab 6.72ab 6.47ab 51.53bc 59.50bc 53.54a 4.98bc 6.25b 5.47bc
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) * ** ** * **
SI×FC ns ns ns ns ns
2019 B 10.67abc 13.34ab 11.00ab 41.85ab 57.50a 45.45a 6.27ab 6.85a 6.69ab 51.39b 58.59ab 53.97b 4.97ab 5.97ab 5.85a
Z 11.17a 13.67a 11.17a 44.08a 60.92a 45.42a 6.46a 7.05a 6.87a 52.91a 59.42a 55.32a 5.25a 6.37a 5.99a
H 10.00c 12.50b 10.00c 39.94b 51.50b 41.05b 6.19b 6.84a 6.47b 49.88c 57.37b 51.59c 4.69b 5.84b 5.44b
P 10.17bc 13.00ab 10.67abc 43.42a 57.00a 45.25a 6.31ab 6.84a 6.57ab 50.32bc 57.92ab 52.54bc 4.86ab 5.84b 5.84a
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** * * *
SI×FC ns ns ns ns ns

Fig.5

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants during film uncovering"

Table 3

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on economical traits of roasted tobacco"

年份
Year		 覆膜颜色
Film color		 上等烟比例
Proportion of upper class tobacco (%)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 均价(元/kg)
Average price (yuan/kg)		 产值(元/hm2)
Output value (yuan/hm2)
C M H C M H C M H C M H
2018 B 22.58ab 28.33b 23.38ab 1 465.57abc 1 690.16ab 1 532.88a 19.52a 20.67ab 20.67ab 28 755.78b 35 262.98b 30 455.00ab
Z 24.17a 32.77a 26.19a 1 487.66a 1 840.66a 1 521.76a 19.84a 21.56a 21.56a 29 671.04a 40 061.69a 31 105.45a
H 21.45b 24.35c 23.83ab 1 290.77c 1 288.98c 1 310.94b 19.29a 19.87b 19.87bc 25 043.45c 25 815.78c 26 177.17c
P 21.84b 27.48bc 22.16b 1 468.68abc 1 625.38b 1 526.22a 19.37a 20.50ab 20.50abc 28 616.72b 33 585.05b 29 810.38ab
变异来源Sourceof variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ns ns ns
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** ** **
SI×FC ** ** ns **
2019 B 22.16ab 27.28b 23.87b 1 254.43b 1 650.63b 1 344.60c 19.44a 20.46ab 19.78ab 24 499.02b 33 908.03b 26 709.81c
Z 23.54a 31.70a 25.24a 1 384.34a 1 808.24a 1 533.33a 19.71a 21.34a 20.05a 27 424.77a 38 758.71a 30 885.71a
H 20.56bc 23.79c 22.13c 1 076.35d 1 216.26d 1 155.78d 19.12a 19.76b 19.43b 20 681.40d 24 140.48d 22 560.42d
P 21.05b 26.37b 23.55b 1 189.35c 1 488.51c 1 442.52b 19.21a 20.28ab 19.71ab 22 973.15c 30 319.64c 28 573.58b
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** ** **
SI×FC ** ** ** **

Table 4

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on physical properties of tobacco leaves after roasting"

年份
Year		 覆膜颜色
Film color		 叶长
Leaf length (cm)		 单叶重
Single leaf weight (g)		 含梗率
Leaf specific weight (%)		 叶面密度
Foliar density (g/m2)		 叶面积质量
Leaf area quality (g/cm2)
C M H C M H C M H C M H C M H
2018 B 57.00ab 62.00ab 58.67b 8.26a 9.89b 8.76a 31.32ab 29.27ab 31.97ab 79.90a 80.42b 80.17b 103.85a 102.33a 103.56a
Z 60.34a 63.84a 62.34a 8.36a 10.67a 8.59ab 29.44b 27.31b 30.97b 80.72a 83.01a 82.68a 104.90a 107.96a 105.26a
H 52.34c 57.84c 54.17c 6.79b 7.36d 7.21c 32.69a 33.78a 32.14a 73.88b 76.50c 74.96c 100.15a 112.48a 102.69a
P 56.67ab 61.00abc 58.00b 7.85ab 8.67c 8.32b 32.24a 31.31ab 32.03a 79.52a 80.04b 79.90b 102.33a 98.78a 104.95a
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ns * ns
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** * ** ns
SI×FC ns ** ns ns ns
2019 B 56.67ab 60.67b 58.67bc 7.54b 9.28b 7.95b 31.10ab 29.89ab 30.79ab 77.51ab 76.63b 78.27ab 100.41a 105.42ab 101.99ab
Z 59.00a 63.00a 61.67a 8.04a 10.46a 8.77a 30.40bc 26.88c 30.19b 79.96a 84.14a 81.22a 100.72a 110.56a 104.69a
H 52.67c 55.84c 55.00c 7.15b 7.42d 7.35c 34.09a 31.52a 33.87a 72.70c 70.37c 67.65c 100.23a 98.33b 96.41b
P 54.00abc 57.00c 57.34bc 7.38b 8.71c 8.32ab 31.60ab 30.23ab 31.82ab 77.65ab 74.96bc 76.99b 100.98a 101.51b 101.62ab
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** * ns ns
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** * ** ns
SI×FC ns ** ns ** ns

Table 5

Effects of "supplementary irrigation + film covering color" interaction on chemical composition contents of tobacco leaves after roasting"

年份
Year		 覆膜颜色
Film color		 总糖Total suger (%) 还原糖Reducig sugar (%) 烟碱Nicotine (%) 钾Kalium (%)
C M H C M H C M H C M H
2018 B 24.87b 27.47b 25.20b 22.06b 25.49b 23.21b 2.18b 2.31b 2.27b 2.07b 2.22b 2.14b
Z 26.78a 29.99a 28.48a 23.78a 27.80a 25.80a 2.27a 2.44a 2.41a 2.16a 2.76a 2.28a
H 22.67d 21.82c 23.12d 20.13c 19.95c 21.09d 2.12d 1.86c 2.17d 1.86d 1.86d 1.97c
P 23.68c 27.39b 24.53c 20.99c 25.45b 22.50c 2.16c 2.31b 2.22c 1.93c 2.17c 1.99c
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** ** **
SI×FC ** ** ** **
2019 B 24.67b 27.48bc 25.01b 21.89b 25.55b 22.89b 2.01b 2.24ab 2.08b 1.98b 2.12b 2.08b
Z 26.56a 29.35a 27.78a 23.67a 27.35a 25.49a 2.15a 2.31a 2.25a 2.15a 2.61a 2.25a
H 21.45d 20.71d 21.90c 19.16c 19.07c 19.80c 1.85d 1.81c 1.88c 1.85c 1.78c 1.97c
P 23.89c 27.16c 24.99b 21.34b 25.27b 22.70b 1.97c 2.26ab 2.08b 1.90bc 2.10b 2.00bc
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** ** **
SI×FC ** ** ** **
年份
Year		 覆膜颜色
Film color		 氯
Chlorine (%)		 钾氯比
Kalium-chlorine ratio		 糖碱比
Sugar-nicotine ratio		 两糖比
The ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar (%)
C M H C M H C M H C M H
2018 B 0.21b 0.28b 0.22b 9.86a 8.13c 9.77ab 10.12b 11.07b 10.27b 0.89a 0.93a 0.93a
Z 0.26a 0.32a 0.30a 8.31d 8.63a 7.80c 10.48a 11.41a 10.72a 0.89a 0.93a 0.91c
H 0.20b 0.25c 0.21b 9.30c 7.65d 9.84a 9.50d 10.76c 9.72c 0.89a 0.92b 0.92b
P 0.20b 0.27bc 0.22b 9.65b 8.23b 9.33b 9.72c 11.04b 10.16bc 0.89a 0.93a 0.92b
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) ** ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** ** **
SI×FC ns ** ** **
2019 B 0.21b 0.24b 0.24b 9.43ab 8.94a 8.82ab 10.90ab 11.43b 11.01b 0.89a 0.93a 0.92a
Z 0.25a 0.30a 0.27a 8.60c 8.99a 8.55b 11.01a 11.84a 11.35a 0.90a 0.94a 0.92a
H 0.20b 0.23b 0.22b 9.25b 7.84b 9.05a 10.36c 10.56d 10.55c 0.90a 0.93a 0.91a
P 0.20b 0.24b 0.23b 9.50a 8.93a 8.81ab 10.84b 11.23c 10.97b 0.90a 0.94a 0.91a
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI) * ** ** **
覆膜颜色Film color (FC) ** ** ** ns
SI×FC * ** ** ns
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