Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 105-111.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.016

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Effects of Different Preceding Crops and Planting Density on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Mudanjiang

Shen Hongtao1,Zhang Fusheng2,Li Dong3,Qiu Jianhua1,Cai Xinghong4,Qin Yubao4()   

  1. 1 Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
    2 Pingdingshan Branch, Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China
    3 College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
    4 Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2019-09-22 Revised:2019-12-17 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-13
  • Contact: Yubao Qin E-mail:2871908611@qq.com

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Abstract:

In order to determine the effects of different preceding crops and planting density on the growth, yield and quality of Longjiang 911 (a flue-cured tobacco variety) was used as study material in Dongning of Mudanjiang in 2017-2018. The effects of different planting densities (14 500 and 17 400 plant/ha) on growth and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied through field experiments under the condition of planting flue-cured tobacco, soybean and corn in the preceding crop. The results showed that in the two years, compared with tobacco stubble, the plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf area, sensory quality and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco stubble were significantly increased compared with soybean stubble and corn stubble, and the effect of corn stubble was the best. In the two years, with the decrease of planting density, the plant height, stem circumference, leaf area, sensory quality and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were significantly improved under the same preceding crop stubble. According to the comprehensive indicators, 14 500 plant/ha of planting density and corn stubble could make the plant height, stem circumference, leaf area, average price and output value reaching the maximum value of flue-cured tobacco, and the chemical composition of tobacco leaves become more coordinated and the sensory quality is the best. Therefore, we suggest the planting mode could be further demonstrated and popularized in Mudanjiang area.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Planting density, Preceding crop, Yield, Sensory quality

Table 1

Soil basic fertility of the experiment fields in 2017-2018"

年份
Year		 前茬作物
Preceding crop		 有机质(g/kg)
Organic matter		 碱解氮(mg/kg)
Alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen		 速效磷(mg/kg)
Available phosphorus		 速效钾(mg/kg)
Available potassium		 Cl-
(mg/kg)		 pH
2017 烟草 21.2 106.3 42.6 122.5 23.7 6.2
大豆 22.2 108.5 48.6 148.8 20.9 6.4
玉米 23.3 114.7 50.4 154.6 23.9 6.3
2018 烟草 21.9 105.4 49.3 134.6 21.7 6.1
大豆 23.5 115.3 53.2 156.4 17.2 6.2
玉米 23.4 116.6 55.1 155.3 20.3 6.2

Table 2

Agronomic traits of tobacco plants at round top stage under different treatments"

年份
Year		 种植密度
Planting density		 前茬作物
Preceding crop		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 茎围(cm)
Stem circumference		 最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area (cm2)
下部叶Lower leaf 中部叶Middle leaf 上部叶Upper leaf
2017 D1 CK 95.87±0.63c 6.73±0.63d 860.45±33.41d 820.65±19.35d 602.54±29.78d
T1 98.67±0.23c 6.87±0.35d 893.57±19.51c 846.32±22.12d 639.68±24.62d
T2 106.91±0.64b 8.32±0.61b 936.84±29.77c 946.28±35.29c 753.19±22.89c
D2 CK 103.54±0.48b 7.56±0.35c 964.61±31.25bc 951.67±25.16c 780.68±25.28bc
T1 105.63±0.76b 8.60±0.56b 1 027.61±27.86b 1 019.37±19.83b 806.21±27.33b
T2 111.35±0.63a 9.65±0.32a 1 099.23±21.71a 1 129.79±21.08a 875.24±16.81a
2018 D1 CK 99.65±1.32e 7.13±0.53d 864.53±18.78d 876.51±25.16d 641.65±16.49d
T1 105.32±0.37d 7.17±0.17d 912.65±21.63c 884.16±19.23d 673.23±25.56cd
T2 113.61±0.33b 9.67±0.33b 975.42±32.12b 985.83±41.49c 776.67±27.79b
D2 CK 103.56±1.06c 7.41±0.10cd 983.65±20.14b 961.42±15.64c 703.31±21.31c
T1 108.14±0.43c 7.90±0.06c 1 058.54±28.30a 1 055.54±26.41b 732.46±32.08bc
T2 116.34±0.33a 10.83±0.17a 1 087.08±18.12a 1 177.63±14.97a 932.79±9.43a

Table 3

Economic traits of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments"

年份
Year		 种植密度 Planting
density		 前茬作物
Preceding
crop		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 均价(元/kg)
Average price
(yuan/kg)		 产值(元/hm2)
Output value
(yuan/hm2)		 上等烟比例(%)
Proportion of
superior leaves		 上中等烟比例(%)
Proportion of moderate
and superior leaves
2017 D1 CK 2 181.14±16.76c 20.03±0.55c 43 688.23±663.45d 25.54±2.13d 74.56±2.41d
T1 2 386.46±15.61b 20.34±0.32c 48 540.60±1565.32c 30.80±2.13c 83.15±1.53c
T2 2 436.45±35.48a 20.12±0.33c 49 021.37±844.74bc 31.56±1.32c 86.54±0.63b
D2 CK 2 083.41±24.64d 21.14±0.54b 44 043.29±1352.61d 32.31±2.45c 85.18±2.64b
T1 2 364.54±15.15b 21.33±0.24b 50 435.64±1036.49b 36.48±1.05b 91.23±1.34a
T2 2 356.54±26.84b 22.91±0.23a 53 988.33±954.34a 40.26±2.12a 92.12±1.02a
2018 D1 CK 2 241.35±15.66d 19.63±0.54d 43 997.70±1598.64d 28.64±5.21d 78.49±2.06d
T1 2 421.15±24.32b 19.36±0.21d 46 873.46±2514.21cd 32.90±3.44d 86.81±1.02c
T2 2 495.25±31.56a 20.34±0.13c 50 753.39±1254.48b 43.33±0.97c 89.60±0.23b
D2 CK 2 204.17±28.64d 21.88±0.43b 48 227.24±1342.67c 35.33±2.51d 82.42±3.41cd
T1 2 322.34±28.64c 21.93±0.22b 50 928.92±962.54b 59.47±1.33b 90.52±1.04b
T2 2 396.65±32.15bc 22.89±0.31a 54 859.32±1634.65a 64.22±1.62a 93.40±1.68a

Table 4

The content of conventional chemical components in tobacco leaves under different treatments %"

年份
Year		 等级
Grade		 种植密度
Planting density		 前茬作物
Preceding crop		 总糖
Total sugar		 还原糖
Reducing sugar		 总氮
Total nitrogen		 烟碱
Nicotine		 氯
Chlorine		 钾
Potassium		 钾氯比
Potassium-chlorine ratio
2017 C2L D1 CK 39.63a 32.61a 1.12d 1.13d 0.97b 0.94d 0.98d
T1 38.33b 32.21a 1.52ab 1.32c 0.94b 0.95d 1.01d
T2 37.41bc 30.26b 1.33b 1.49b 0.96b 1.09c 1.14c
D2 CK 36.41c 25.32c 1.21c 1.46b 1.09a 1.12c 1.03d
T1 34.64d 24.55c 1.65a 1.64a 0.99b 1.34b 1.35b
T2 34.34d 23.81c 1.37b 1.73a 1.06a 1.62a 1.53a
B2F D1 CK 32.64c 28.13b 2.03d 1.57c 1.20c 1.29d 1.08e
T1 30.27d 26.23c 2.35b 1.83b 1.09d 1.35d 1.24d
T2 31.14cd 27.47b 2.12c 1.85b 1.13d 1.61c 1.42c
D2 CK 34.01a 28.99a 2.14c 1.81b 1.35a 1.71c 1.27d
T1 33.26b 28.85a 2.66a 1.94a 1.18c 1.87b 1.58b
T2 34.21a 29.65a 2.31b 1.98a 1.26b 2.08a 1.65a
2018 C2L D1 CK 41.33a 26.61a 1.32e 1.18c 0.92a 1.10e 1.20e
T1 41.96a 26.52a 1.69b 1.28b 0.84b 1.24d 1.48d
T2 39.24b 26.78a 1.55c 1.29b 0.88b 1.35c 1.53d
D2 CK 35.41c 25.34b 1.42d 1.21c 0.73c 1.45c 1.99c
T1 34.82c 23.63c 1.86a 1.34a 0.64d 1.62b 2.53b
T2 33.34c 22.51c 1.76a 1.38a 0.66d 1.78a 2.70a
B2F D1 CK 35.14bc 24.32b 1.52d 1.63d 0.89a 1.21e 1.36e
T1 32.52c 23.15c 1.99b 1.92ab 0.81b 1.35d 1.67d
T2 33.23c 22.56c 2.07a 1.89b 0.78b 1.61c 2.06c
D2 CK 39.62a 26.12a 1.91c 1.73c 0.76b 1.66c 2.18c
T1 36.82b 24.94ab 2.08a 1.94a 0.61d 1.87b 2.63b
T2 39.34a 25.73a 1.89c 1.98a 0.72c 1.95a 3.15a

Table 5

The scores of sensory quality evaluation of tobacco leaves under different treatments"

年份
Year		 等级
Grade		 种植密度
Planting density		 前茬作物
Preceding crop		 香气质
Aroma quality		 香气量
Aroma volume		 浓度
Concentration		 柔细度
Tender degree		 余味
Agreeable aftertaste		 杂气
Offensive odor		 刺激性
Irritation
2017 C2L D1 CK 6.0 5.2 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.8
T1 6.2 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.7
T2 6.3 5.7 5.7 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.9
D2 CK 6.3 5.5 5.6 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.9
T1 6.4 5.7 5.8 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.0
T2 6.4 5.7 5.8 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.1
B2F D1 CK 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9
T1 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8
T2 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0
D2 CK 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2
T1 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.1
T2 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2
2018 C2L D1 CK 6.0 5.4 5.3 6.1 6.2 5.9 6.0
T1 6.1 5.5 5.5 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.9
T2 6.3 5.6 5.6 6.6 6.5 6.1 6.0
D2 CK 6.2 5.6 5.6 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.1
T1 6.4 5.7 5.7 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.1
T2 6.5 5.7 5.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.1
B2F D1 CK 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.5 6.0
T1 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.9
T2 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.6 6.0
D2 CK 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1
T1 6.0 5.9 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0
T2 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.1
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