Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 164-169.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.024

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Effects of Ridge Tillage of Double Depth and Planting Space on Photosynthesis, Yield and Panicle Traits of Rice

Kang Kai(), Liu Lihua(), Qin Meng, Zheng Guiping, Zhang Xuesong, Bai Chongyang, Zhao Shuang, Gao Xiaohui   

  1. Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-03-09 Revised:2020-05-18 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: Liu Lihua E-mail:704053189@qq.com;11887352@qq.com

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Abstract:

Based on the problems of soil structure destruction and soil hardening caused by traditional cultivation in rice, the effects of ridge tillage of double depth and different planting spaces on rice yield were studied. The rice variety, Qijing 10, was selected for the experiment, and the two-factor random block design was adopted. The experiment adopted two tillage methods: bilateral deep fertilization on ridge and conventional flat planting, four rows were set for both, and eight treatments in total. The results showed that the panicle weight and the primary branch number under ridge tillage of double depth significantly increased by 7.88% and 7.00% respectively. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance increased by 9.33%, 14.81%, 11.46% and 27.09% at the grain-filling stage, respectively. In terms of plant row configuration, the panicle weight per hole treated with plant spacing of 15cm was significantly higher than that of 12cm, the panicle length decreased with the decreasing of the spacing in the rows, the number of panicles will be maximum when the spacing in the rows are 12cm×(17-33)cm, on average 12.87% higher than that of other collocations. The combination of the ridge tillage of double depth and plant spacing of 12cm×(17-33)cm has the highest yield of 10 239.12kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.

Key words: Rice, Ridge tillige of double depth, Yield, Planting space

Table 1

Combinations of tillage methods and planting space"

处理
Treatment		 耕作方式
Tillage method		 宽窄行距(cm)×株距(cm)
Row space (cm)×Plant space (cm)
T1D1 常规平作 (17~33)×12
T1D2 常规平作 (17~33)×15
T1D3 常规平作 (17~43)×12
T1D4 常规平作 (17~43)×15
T2D1 垄作双深 (17~33)×12
T2D2 垄作双深 (17~33)×15
T2D3 垄作双深 (17~43)×12
T2D4 垄作双深 (17~43)×15

Table 2

The type and amount of fertilizer applied in the test field kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 肥料分布
Fertilizer distribution		 基肥Base fertilizer 分蘖肥
Tillering fertilizer		 调节肥
Controlled fertilizer		 穗肥Panicle fertilizer
N P2O5 K2O N N N K2O
T1 全层 78.00 57.55 60.12 - 10.35 10.35 31.13
T2 上层 30.50 23.62 23.93 - 10.35 10.35 31.13
下层 47.50 33.93 36.19 - - - -

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of double-deep ridge cultivation pattern of rice"

Table 3

Comparison of actual yield and constituent factors under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 穗数(穗/m2)
Panicle number (panicle/m2)		 穗粒数
Number of grains per panicle		 结实率
Setting percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实际产量
Actual yield (kg/hm2)
T1D1 519.00bcBC 72.35bcA 91.77abA 27.34bA 9 102.32bBC
T1D2 476.00dCD 74.86abcA 90.11abA 28.17abA 8 435.04bCD
T1D3 480.80cdCD 70.07cA 91.78abA 28.36aA 8 510.07bCD
T1D4 438.60dD 74.08abcA 93.56aA 27.65abA 7 553.70cD
T2D1 590.40aA 78.41abcA 88.87bA 28.47aA 10 239.12aA
T2D2 548.80bAB 81.17abA 91.74abA 27.59abA 10 085.16aAB
T2D3 522.00bcBC 77.13abcA 92.02abA 27.51abA 8 963.27bBC
T2D4 471.27dCD 82.43aA 91.58abA 28.30aA 8 738.97bC
F值 T 31.63** 12.26** 0.87 0.17 31.95**
F-value D 17.88** 1.26 1.55 0.03 11.37**
T×D 1.13 0.07 1.64 5.24* 1.59

Table 4

Effects of tillage and row arrangement on panicle weight, panicle length and seed density"

处理
Treatment		 穗重(g/穴)
Panicle weight
(g/pole)		 穗长
Panicle
length (cm)		 着粒密度(粒/cm)
Seed density
(grain/cm)
T1D1 30.13cE 19.51abA 3.71bcAB
T1D2 37.09bC 19.66abA 3.81bcAB
T1D3 31.01cDE 19.35abA 3.63cB
T1D4 38.90bBC 16.90cB 4.44aA
T2D1 35.54bCDE 19.76abA 3.97abcAB
T2D2 43.18aAB 19.26abA 4.21abAB
T2D3 36.43bCD 18.93bA 4.08abcAB
T2D4 46.43aA 20.44aA 4.03abcAB
F值 T 40.91** 6.62* 2.21
F-value D 25.39** 2.17* 2.35*
T×D 0.27 10.82** 2.81

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on primary and secondary branches"

处理
Treatment		 一次枝梗The primary branch 二次枝梗The secondary branch
每穗枝梗数
Branch number
per panicle		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 结实率
Ripening
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 每穗枝梗数
Branch number
per panicle		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 结实率
Ripening
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
T1D1 7.08bcAB 5.36aA 96.09aA 28.38bA 11.61bA 2.96abA 87.05abAB 26.05bA
T1D2 7.51abAB 5.48aA 94.67aA 29.27abA 11.65abA 2.90abA 84.61bAB 26.67abA
T1D3 7.01cB 5.49aA 95.21aA 29.47aA 11.06bA 2.85bA 87.63abAB 26.86abA
T1D4 6.96cB 5.37aA 94.86aA 28.89abA 12.22abA 3.00aA 92.27aA 26.35abA
T2D1 7.57abAB 5.43aA 94.53aA 29.59aA 12.85abA 2.90abA 82.57bB 27.03aA
T2D2 7.75aA 5.54aA 94.52aA 28.76abA 12.70abA 3.00aA 88.61abAB 26.17abA
T2D3 7.75aA 5.47aA 95.19aA 28.66abA 12.07abA 2.87abA 88.09abAB 25.99bA
T2D4 7.50abAB 5.57aA 94.53aA 29.36abA 13.65aA 2.97abA 88.60abAB 26.93abA
F值 T 24.40* 3.02 1.48 0.15 7.31* 0.07 0.46 0.05
F-value D 2.80* 1.21 0.72 0.07 1.64 2.96* 2.98* 0.26
T×D 0.84 0.85 0.70 4.19* 0.05 1.43 2.06 4.37*

Fig.2

Effects of different tillage methods and plant spacing on 1000-kernel weight"

Table 6

Correlation coefficient of actual yield and yield components"

性状
Trait		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Number of grain per panicle		 结实率
Setting percentage		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
穗粒数Number of grain per panicle -0.33
结实率Setting percentage -0.65 -0.21
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.03 -0.10 -0.61
实际产量Actual yield -0.96** -0.49 -0.63 0.08

Table 7

Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic traits during grain-filling stage"

处理
Treatment		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Ci
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[mmol/(m2·s)]
T1D1 21.45cB 9.47dA 220.25bA 641.75aA
T1D2 22.95abcAB 10.01bcdA 225.00abA 665.75aA
T1D3 21.93bcAB 9.79cdA 209.75bA 658.25aA
T1D4 21.98bcAB 10.19abcdA 231.25abA 686.75aA
T2D1 24.03abAB 10.58abcdA 230.50abA 786.75aA
T2D2 24.28abAB 11.54abA 239.50abA 858.25aA
T2D3 23.50abcAB 11.82aA 258.00aA 812.00aA
T2D4 24.75aA 11.34abcA 259.75aA 881.50aA
F值 T 16.69** 15.24** 10.46** 4.97*
F-value D 1.58 1.02 1.13 0.16
T×D 2.14* 0.33 1.19 0.03

Fig.3

Effects of different treatments on net photosynthetic rate during grain-filling stage"

Table 8

Correlation coefficient between photosynthetic traits and yield during grain-filling stage"

项目Item Pn Tr Ci Gs
Tr 0.84** 1
Ci 0.74* 0.90** 1
Gs 0.93** 0.91** 0.84** 1
产量Yield 0.76* 0.59 0.40 0.73*
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