Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 128-134.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.06.022

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Research on the Cooperative Technology of Flue-Cured Tobacco based on Transplanting-Date, Fertilization and Variety in Yunnan

Liu Qingli1,Li Zhihong1,Xu Yanli1,Li Junying2,Zhang Yungui1   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resource and Agricultural Planning,CAAS, Beijing 100081,China
    2 Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Yuxi 653100,Yunnan,China
  • Received:2016-07-25 Revised:2016-10-31 Online:2016-12-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

The yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are combined effect resulting from the ecological environment, cultivation technology and genetic factors. The transplanting-date, fertilization and variety are the key control measures of the three factors. In this paper, the orthogonal experiment of three factors, including transplanting-date, fertilization and variety, was used. Under the cooperative action of ecology, cultivation and inheritance, the effects of transplanting date, fertilization and variety on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied, which determined the effect of different control measures on flue-cured tobacco. The findings suggested that the influence of transplanting-date on flue-cured tobacco was the largest, which contributed 46.80%, 64.75% and 78.10% to smoking quality, yield and output value, respectively. Effect of fertilization on flue-cured tobacco was the second. The contribution rate of fertilization on smoking quality, yield and output value were 34.95%, 20.15% and 12.60% respectively. Comprehensive consideration of tobacco quality, production value and cost, 75kgN/hm 2 was better than 90kgN/hm 2 and 105kgN/hm 2. Under the joint function of transplanting-date and fertilization, yield and quality, there was not significant difference among K326, Yunyan87, NC71 and Hongda. Variety contribution rate was 18.25%, 15.10% and 9.30% to smoking quality, yield and output value, respectively. In general, to determine the reasonable transplanting-date is prerequisites for the production of high quality of tobacco. Fertilization is the core technical problem at the regulation on yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the normal growth of the flue-cured tobacco, transplanting-date should be sooner rather than later, nitrogen fertilizer should be lower. It was optimized for flue-cured tobacco to transplant in mid to late April with K326 and 75kgN/hm 2.

Key words: Transplanting-date, Fertilization, Variety, The quality of flue-cured tobacco

Table 1

Physical and chemical characteristics of the experimental fields"

试验点
Experiment fields		 土壤类型
Soil type		 pH 有机质(g/kg)
Organic matter		 碱解氮(mg/kg)
Alkali-hydrolyzable N		 速效磷(mg/kg)
Olsen-P		 速效钾(mg/kg)
Available K
峨山Eshan 水稻土Paddy soil 6.5 32.5 121.3 35.0 182.2
华宁Huaning 红壤Red soil 5.8 28.4 130.5 27.5 176.8

Table 2

Factors and levels for orthogonal test"

处理Treat 编号Code
地点Site 移栽时间（年/月/日）
Transplanting-date		 施肥Fertilization(kg/hm2) 品种
Varieties		 移栽时间
Transplanting-date		 施肥
Fertilization		 品种
Varieties
N P2O5 K2O
峨山Eshan 2012/4/30 75 60.0 270 K326 T1 N1 V1
2012/4/20 90 60.0 270 云烟87 Yunyan87 T2 N2 V2
2012/5/10 105 60.0 270 NC71 T3 N3 V3
华宁Huaning 2013/4/29 75 157.5 315 K326 T1 N1 V1
2013/4/15 105 157.5 315 云烟87 Yunyan87 T2 N2 V2
2013/5/13 135 157.5 315 红大Hongda T3 N3 V3

Table 3

Meteorological conditions at different stage of flue-cured tobacco"

峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
打顶前Before topping
（0~63d）		 降水量Precipitation (mm) 223.8 199.3 196.0 191.8 163.3 164.6
日均气温Daily average temperature (℃) 21.8 21.5 22.0 20.5 19.8 21.1
日照时数Sunshine hours (h) 333.0 387.7 310.8 466.0 526.6 416.8
昼夜温差Day and night temperature difference (℃) 8.7 9.3 8.2 10.4 11.7 9.7
打顶后After topping
（64d~成熟Mature）		 降水量Precipitation (mm) 245.8 204.8 294.2 314.1 274.2 331.1
日均气温Daily average temperature (℃) 21.4 21.6 20.7 20.3 20.8 19.7
日照时数Sunshine hours (h) 265.8 225.7 299.8 306.2 307.1 327.2
昼夜温差Day and night temperature difference (℃) 8.2 7.8 8.0 7.7 7.8 8.0

Table 4

Effects of transplanting-date on the smoking quality of flue-cured Tobacco"

峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
香气特性(40)
Aroma characteristic		 本香Aroma（10） 7.94a 7.94a 7.81b 8.19a 8.00a 7.50b
香气量Aroma volume（15） 12.90a 12.90a 12.79a 12.96a 12.92a 12.69b
香气质Aroma Quality（15） 12.90a 12.88a 12.60b 13.04a 12.81ab 12.63b
烟气特性(40)
Smoke characteristic		 浓度Concentration（10） 8.00a 8.00a 7.98a 8.06a 8.00a 7.69b
刺激性Irritancy（15） 12.92a 12.92a 12.67b 12.94a 12.40b 12.44b
劲头Strength（5） 4.98a 4.98a 4.71b 4.83a 4.85a 4.69b
杂气Offensive taste（10） 7.48a 7.50a 7.38b 7.96a 7.83a 7.56b
口感特性(20)
Taste characteristic		 干净度Purity（10） 7.39a 7.52a 7.27b 7.88a 7.83a 7.50b
湿润感Moist feeling（5） 4.00a 4.00a 4.00a 3.92a 3.88ab 3.69b
回味After taste（5） 3.67a 3.65a 3.54b 3.83a 3.69ab 3.63b
感官质量（100）Smoking quality 82.16a 82.27a 80.75b 83.60a 82.21a 80.00b

Table 5

Effects of transplanting-date on yield and output of flue-cured tobacco"

地点
Site		 移栽期
Transplanting-date		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 产值(元/hm2)
Output
峨山Eshan T2 2 870.4a 65 841.3a
T1 2 656.7b 57 491.0a
T3 2 339.7c 35 979.3b
华宁Huaning T2 2 600.9a 51 270.2a
T1 2 841.8a 54 500.6a
T3 1 183.0b 20 363.9b

Table 6

Effects of fertilization on the smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco"

峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning
N1 N2 N3 N1 N2 N3
香气特性(40)
Aroma characteristic		 本香Aroma（10） 7.98a 7.88a 7.83a 8.06a 8.28a 7.94a
香气量Aroma volume（15） 12.92a 12.90a 12.77a 12.91a 12.94a 12.97a
香气质Aroma Quality（15） 12.94a 12.79a 12.65b 12.88a 13.19a 12.72a
烟气特性(40)
Smoke characteristic
 浓度Concentration（10） 8.00a 8.00a 7.98a 7.97a 8.00a 8.13a
刺激性Irritancy（15） 12.98a 12.83ab 12.69b 12.41a 12.94a 12.66a
劲头Strength（5） 5.00a 4.85a 4.81a 4.84a 4.88a 4.81a
杂气Offensive taste（10） 7.52a 7.50a 7.33b 7.81a 8.06a 7.81a
口感特性(20)
Taste characteristic
 干净度Purity（10） 7.50a 7.38ab 7.31b 7.84a 7.97a 7.75a
湿润感Moist feeling（5） 4.00a 4.00a 4.00a 3.94a 3.97a 3.78a
回味After taste（5） 3.65a 3.63ab 3.58b 3.72a 3.91a 3.66a
感官质量（100）Smoking quality 82.48a 81.75ab 80.96b 82.38a 84.13a 82.22a

Table 7

Effects of fertilization on yield and output of flue-cured tobacco"

地点
Site		 施肥处理Fertilization treats 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 产值(元/hm2)
Output
峨山Eshan N1 2 501.0b 52 899.0a
N2 2 616.9ab 50 713.6a
N3 2 749.0a 55 699.0a
华宁Huaning N1 2 387.7a 45 497.9a
N2 2 143.2a 40 177.3a
N3 2 094.8a 40 459.5a

Table 8

Effects of varieties on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco"

峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning
K326 云烟87 Yunyan87 NC71 K326 云烟87 Yunyan87 红大Hongda
香气特性（40）
Aroma characteristic		 本香Aroma（10） 7.90a 7.92a 7.88a 8.03a 8.25a 8.00a
香气量Aroma volume（15） 12.92a 12.81a 12.85a 12.72a 13.09a 13.00a
香气质Aroma quality（15） 12.81a 12.81a 12.75a 12.91a 13.03a 12.84a
烟气特性（40）
Smoke characteristic		 浓度Concentration（10） 7.98a 8.00a 8.00a 7.88a 8.19a 8.03a
刺激性Irritancy（15） 12.81a 12.92a 12.77a 12.81a 12.91a 12.28 a
劲头Strength（5） 4.85a 4.98a 4.83a 4.78a 4.88a 4.88a
杂气Offensive taste（10） 7.44a 7.48a 7.44a 7.84a 8.03a 7.81a
口感特性（20）
Taste characteristic		 干净度Purity（10） 7.43a 7.44a 7.31a 7.75a 8.00a 7.81a
湿润感Moist feeling（5） 4.00a 4.00a 4.00a 3.94a 3.88a 3.88a
回味After taste（5） 3.67a 3.56a 3.63a 3.81a 3.72a 3.75a
感官质量（100）Smoking quality 81.81a 81.92a 81.46a 82.47a 83.97a 82.28a
产量Yield (kg/hm2) 2 595.7a 2 581.8a 2 689.4a 2 395.6a 1 964.7a 2 265.3a
产值Output (元/hm2) 54 254.6a 53 125.9a 51 931.1a 43 494.1a 38 562.8a 44 077.9a

Table 9

Effects transplanting-date,fertilization and varieties on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco"

指标Index 因素Factors 感官质量Smoking quality 产量Yield (kg/hm2) 产值Output (元/hm2)
峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning 峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning 峨山Eshan 华宁Huaning
极差The range 移栽期Transplanting-date 1.52* 3.60** 530.7** 1 658.8** 29 862.0** 34 136.7**
施肥Fertilization 1.52* 1.91 248.0* 292.9 4 985.4 5 320.6
品种Varieties 0.46 1.69 107.6 430.9 2 323.5 5 515.1
贡献率Contribution rate(%) 移栽期Transplanting-date 43.50 50.10 59.90 69.60 80.30 75.90
施肥Fertilization 43.40 26.50 28.00 12.30 13.40 11.80
品种Varieties 13.10 23.40 12.10 18.10 6.30 12.30
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