苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.026

Abstract

Abstract:

Rice varieties Changbai 9 and Jinongda 667 were used as the test materials, and four treatments of black soil (CK), light saline (LS), moderate saline (MS) and severe saline (SS) were set up by potting method. The dry matter, leaf area, yield, leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice were measured to investigate the response mechanisms of photosynthetic physiology of rice under different levels of soda salinity stress. The results showed that rice leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and stomatal conductance (G_s), dry matter and yield in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters decreased significantly; and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) increased significantly with increasing salinity. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curves of W_K at point K and V_J at point J, and initial reduction rate of Q_A (M_o) were significantly increased, performance index of rice leaves (PI_ABS) was significantly decreased, quantum yield and efficiency (φ_Po, φ_Ro, ψ_Eo) showed a decreasing trend with the increasing salinity, and heat dissipation ratio (φ_Do) showed an increasing trend. Compared with CK, the yield of Changbai 9 under soda salinity stress decreased on average by 16.85% to 48.85% in two years, and by 17.00% to 53.10% in Jinongda 667. The yield components of rice were significantly reduced in seed-setting rate, effective panicle number and grains number per panicle.

Key words: Rice, Soda and saline-alkali stress, Photosynthesis, Photosystem II, Chlorophyll fluorescence

Wang Xiaolei, Zhang Yunhe, Mu Jinmeng, Gao Dapeng, Geng Yanqiu, Cao Yiwen, Lu Fen, Guan Zhengwen, Shao Xiwen, Guo Liying. Effects of Soda and Saline-Alkali Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice[J].Crops, 2024, 40(1): 193-203.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Effects of soda and saline-alkali stress on chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters of rice leaves (Changbai 9)"

年份 Year	时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg/g)		叶绿素a/b Chl a/b	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	G_s [μmol/(m²·s)]	C_i (μL/L)
年份 Year	时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chl a	叶绿素b Chl b	叶绿素a/b Chl a/b	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	G_s [μmol/(m²·s)]	C_i (μL/L)
2020	孕穗期	CK	1.05a	0.18a	5.78a	22.08a	1068.63a	316.61c
		LS	0.95ab	0.16ab	6.01ab	20.18b	1045.28a	332.40b
		MS	0.90b	0.12b	7.34b	15.45c	996.52a	338.85a
		SS	0.82b	0.08c	10.42b	10.81d	952.12a	343.44a
	抽穗期	CK	2.52a	0.24a	10.59b	36.11a	1495.16a	303.55c
		LS	2.38a	0.21ab	11.28ab	26.49b	1242.82b	307.40bc
		MS	1.80b	0.15bc	12.28a	24.00b	1069.34b	310.98b
		SS	1.48c	0.12c	12.09a	18.94c	1025.03b	317.62a
	灌浆期	CK	1.36a	0.21a	6.42a	17.63a	950.50a	329.13c
		LS	1.23b	0.18a	6.77a	15.36ab	898.91ab	335.33bc
		MS	1.05c	0.15b	7.16a	12.95bc	795.20b	339.79ab
		SS	0.91d	0.12c	7.28a	9.09c	675.73c	346.49a
	生理成熟期	CK	0.37a	0.10a	3.62a	4.22a	209.71a	352.33c
		LS	0.37a	0.08b	4.51ab	3.48a	178.06b	358.31bc
		MS	0.31a	0.05c	6.74ab	1.99b	156.75b	366.47ab
		SS	0.21b	0.03d	7.71b	0.90c	118.92c	376.23a
2021	孕穗期	CK	1.73a	0.32a	5.78b	28.12a	1168.10a	304.33c
		LS	1.49b	0.27b	6.48b	23.10b	1056.73ab	311.41bc
		MS	1.43c	0.26b	7.39ab	20.65c	994.57bc	316.21ab
		SS	1.37d	0.22c	10.70a	15.99d	864.05c	323.60a
	抽穗期	CK	2.86a	0.42a	10.66b	35.88a	1020.86a	313.89d
		LS	2.74ab	0.40ab	12.23a	29.73b	1483.40a	292.40c
		MS	2.46b	0.33b	12.41a	24.14c	1443.54b	298.17b
		SS	1.98c	0.25c	12.45a	21.71d	1141.48b	305.70a
	灌浆期	CK	1.63a	0.23a	6.43a	18.87a	1063.61a	313.53b
		LS	1.59a	0.22a	6.78a	14.80b	1283.01a	302.45ab
		MS	1.45b	0.18b	7.25a	17.48b	924.08a	331.73a
		SS	1.29c	0.15b	7.30a	14.80c	903.63a	337.04a
	生理成熟期	CK	0.43a	0.06a	3.67b	12.70a	832.85a	342.35b
		LS	0.36b	0.04a	4.52ab	9.76b	733.04b	346.11ab
		MS	0.28c	0.03b	6.75ab	13.68b	848.40c	339.30a
		SS	0.13d	0.02b	8.97a	3.60b	181.20c	341.76a

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of soda and saline-alkali stress on chlorophyll content and gas exchange parameters of rice leaves (Jinongda 667)"

年份 Year	时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg/g)		叶绿素a/b Chl a/b	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	G_s [μmol/(m²·s)]	C_i (μL/L)
年份 Year	时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chl a	叶绿素b Chl b	叶绿素a/b Chl a/b	P_n [μmol/(m²·s)]	G_s [μmol/(m²·s)]	C_i (μL/L)
2020	孕穗期	CK	1.28a	0.18a	7.14b	28.98a	1103.65a	315.70c
		LS	1.12b	0.14ab	7.76b	26.39b	1005.60a	322.14c
		MS	1.04c	0.12bc	8.94ab	21.59c	954.26a	332.24b
		SS	0.96d	0.10c	9.70a	14.91d	693.86b	340.28a
	抽穗期	CK	2.51a	0.25a	10.10b	37.97a	1485.48a	290.68c
		LS	2.39a	0.22a	10.70b	27.83b	1208.66b	302.54b
		MS	1.91b	0.18b	10.70b	22.18c	1060.08bc	308.48b
		SS	1.46c	0.12c	12.40a	21.80c	908.56c	333.22a
	灌浆期	CK	1.33a	0.27a	4.91b	18.13a	928.69a	314.81b
		LS	1.25a	0.24a	5.15b	13.97b	674.51b	318.06b
		MS	1.05b	0.16b	6.70ab	11.81b	641.73b	337.50a
		SS	0.91b	0.11b	7.79a	8.85c	539.54c	346.47a
	生理成熟期	CK	0.53a	0.09a	5.85b	3.53a	150.99a	353.89b
		LS	0.37b	0.06b	6.58ab	3.21a	124.4ab	354.85b
		MS	0.33b	0.05b	6.69ab	1.94b	102.04b	381.79a
		SS	0.21c	0.02c	8.77b	1.03c	99.46b	392.16a
2021	孕穗期	CK	1.60a	0.28a	5.81b	28.69a	1108.81a	300.56c
		LS	1.48b	0.25ab	5.94b	25.58b	1032.43a	304.56bc
		MS	1.38c	0.21bc	6.53ab	22.47c	1015.87a	313.37ab
		SS	1.33c	0.17c	7.71a	17.17d	804.05b	320.54a
	抽穗期	CK	2.67a	0.50a	5.35b	35.20a	1517.55a	286.38d
		LS	2.47b	0.45ab	5.54b	28.87b	1331.54a	295.60c
		MS	2.00c	0.35b	5.64b	22.41c	1055.36b	302.42b
		SS	1.85d	0.24c	7.73a	18.49d	915.88b	311.68a
	灌浆期	CK	1.48a	0.19a	7.98b	17.03a	793.77a	325.52d
		LS	1.08b	0.09b	11.40ab	14.21b	732.04a	332.50c
		MS	0.97c	0.09b	10.30ab	11.10c	599.33b	340.06b
		SS	0.93c	0.07b	14.04a	9.00d	561.81b	345.35a
	生理成熟期	CK	0.44a	0.07a	6.47a	3.59a	129.63a	332.53c
		LS	0.32b	0.06ab	5.30a	2.63ab	109.88a	341.51b
		MS	0.31b	0.06ab	5.49a	1.62bc	99.89a	346.74ab
		SS	0.30b	0.05b	6.11a	0.81c	90.71a	354.34a

Table 3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数（个/穴） Effective panicle number (piece/hill)	穗粒数 Grains number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量（g/盆） Yield (g/pot)
2020	长白9	CK	18.33±1.03a	76.75±12.49a	93.62±1.43a	28.19±3.83a	109.19±5.32a
		LS	16.83±1.72ab	71.93±3.50ab	91.16±1.04ab	28.56±1.96a	93.98±4.73b
		MS	15.33±1.03b	62.41±8.48bc	88.03±3.44b	28.43±2.62a	71.46±10.28c
		SS	12.50±1.64c	61.19±4.86c	84.20±3.96c	27.95±2.16a	53.48±4.99d
	吉农大667	CK	16.00±1.41a	117.07±5.17a	89.89±1.70a	21.87±1.15a	110.01±5.78a
		LS	15.00±1.41a	109.48±7.26ab	86.12±2.38ab	22.40±0.52a	94.70±7.31b
		MS	11.50±1.05b	106.87±7.57b	84.00±4.32bc	22.35±1.80a	68.72±4.98c
		SS	9.17±0.75c	103.88±5.59b	79.87±7.61c	22.17±1.79a	50.24±4.73d
2021	长白9	CK	19.00±1.67a	78.79±3.78a	94.12±0.43a	27.66±0.46a	116.57±6.75a
		LS	18.50±1.38a	66.41±3.32b	93.95±1.16a	27.11±1.70a	93.49±4.15b
		MS	16.67±1.03b	62.40±4.23bc	91.28±1.84a	26.71±0.71a	75.85±3.94c
		SS	14.83±1.72c	61.02±2.00c	83.02±6.37b	27.73±1.50a	62.08±5.66d
	吉农大667	CK	17.50±1.38a	121.99±7.14a	88.56±5.38a	21.79±0.27a	123.02±6.44a
		LS	15.67±1.21b	116.05±7.34ab	82.49±2.74b	21.95±1.10a	98.60±9.23b
		MS	12.17±0.75c	109.27±4.69bc	81.74±2.76b	22.20±0.73a	72.19±3.34c
		SS	10.67±1.37d	103.50±7.66c	79.07±3.72b	22.75±1.17a	59.17±5.74d

Effects of Soda and Saline-Alkali Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice

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