Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 190-194.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.06.026

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Effects of Phosphorus Application Rate on Lodging Resistance of Maize under Integrated Water and Fertilizer

Liang Zhongyu1,2(), Xue Jun2, Zhang Guoqiang2, Ming Bo2, Shen Dongping2, Fang Liang2, Zhou Linli2, Zhang Yuqin1(), Yang Hengshan1, Wang Keru2, Li Shaokun2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028043, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2023-03-19 Revised:2023-10-24 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-15

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Abstract:

Under the condition of integrated water and fertilizer of drip irrigation, the differences of stalk breakage, plant morphology and internode mechanical strength of maize stalks were investigated among different phosphorus application rates, and the effects of phosphorus application rate on lodging resistance of maize was clarified. The results showed that the breaking resistance of the stems was first increased and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application at the silking stage, which was the maximum at P120 treatment (120kg/ha) within two years; during the maturation period, the breaking resistance of stems gradually increased with the increase of phosphorus application. The ear height, internode diameter at the base of the stem, the third internode puncture strength (RPS) and dry weight per unit length (DWUL) of P120 treatment were all higher than those of other treatments. The correlation analysis showed that the stem breaking resistance was significantly positively correlated with RPS and DWUL of the third section, and negatively correlated with the ear position coefficient. In summary, under the condition of integrated water and fertilizer of drip irrigation with dense planting, the fractional application of phosphorus mainly affected the mechanical strength of stems by changing the amount of dry matter accumulation between internodes at the base, and also changed the ear position coefficient of plants, which comprehensively affected its lodging resistance from the aspects of mechanical strength and morphology of stems.

Key words: Maize, Water and fertilizer integration, Phosphate fertilizer, Lodging resistance, Yield

Table 1

Basic nutrient status of soil in 0-40cm soil layer at the test site"

土层
Soil layer
(cm)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Available N
(mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg/kg)
0~20 24.07 91.9 11 196.5
20~40 23.68 83.1 3 197.3

Fig.1

Effect of phosphorus application amount on breaking force of maize stalk Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level among different phosphorus application treatments of same year, the same below"

Table 2

Effects of phosphorus application amount on plant morphology of maize"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 穗位高
Ear height (cm)		 重心高
Height of gravity center (cm)		 穗位系数
Ear position coefficient
2019 P60 276.8±5.1b 106.3±2.2a 92.5±3.0a 0.38±0.01a
P90 265.0±8.5c 93.8±4.6b 88.3±5.4a 0.35±0.02b
P120 287.8±2.1a 98.8±6.6ab 89.0±6.2a 0.34±0.02b
P150 271.5±7.0bc 105.8±5.9a 91.0±4.3a 0.39±0.02a
2021 P60 282.8±6.3c 112.4±5.6b 104.4±6.2b 0.40±0.02a
P90 293.2±7.5b 110.8±2.7b 106.2±1.3b 0.38±0.01a
P120 303.8±5.5a 117.8±1.3a 113.4±5.5a 0.39±0.01a
P150 284.0±5.6c 109.6±4.4b 106.6±5.9ab 0.39±0.01a

Table 3

Effects of phosphorus application rate on basal internodal morphology of maize stalk"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 节间长度
Internode
length (cm)		 节间直径
Internode
diameter (mm)		 节间长度/直径
Internode
length/diameter
2019 P60 45.2±1.2bc 20.4±0.9a 2.2±0.1ab
P90 43.4±1.7c 20.5±1.0a 2.1±0.2b
P120 49.5±1.5a 20.4±1.2a 2.4±0.1a
P150 46.1±1.2b 19.2±0.8a 2.4±0.1a
2021 P60 52.5±1.3a 19.1±0.5b 2.8±0.1a
P90 52.0±1.9b 20.9±0.6ab 2.5±0.2c
P120 54.5±1.8a 20.9±0.6a 2.6±0.1bc
P150 57.8±1.7a 20.1±0.8a 2.7±0.1ab

Fig.2

Effects of phosphorus application amount on puncture strength of the third internode"

Fig.3

Effects of phosphorus application amount on DWUL of third internode length"

Table 4

Correlation analysis of maize stem breaking resistance with plant morphology, stem mechanical strength and dry matter accumulation"

指标Index 茎秆抗折断力
穗位高Ear height -0.313
穗位系数Ear position coefficient -0.652**
第3节间RPS RPS of the third section 0.675**
第3节间DWUL DWUL of the third section 0.626**
基部节间长度Basal internode length 0.419
基部节间直径Basal internode diameter 0.338

Fig.4

Effect of phosphorus application amount on maize yield"

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