Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 39-46.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.006

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Current Situation and Analysis of Wheat Production in Jianghan Plain—— A Case Study of Tianmen, Hubei Province

Zhang Zihao1,2(), Fu Penghao1, Li Xiangcheng1, Wu Haotian1, Gao Chunbao1, Zhang Yunbo2, Wang Qi’e3, Xiao Sen3, Tang Haojun4, Zou Juan1()   

  1. 1Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    2College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    3Tianmen Agriculture Technology Extension Center, Tianmen 431700, Hubei, China
    4Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-11-27 Revised:2022-03-08 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Zou Juan E-mail:1015956737@qq.com;zoujuan1010@163.com

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Abstract:

Jianghan Plain is the main wheat-growing area in Hubei province, with an annual wheat-growing area about 4.0×105ha. To understand the current situation and problems of wheat production in Jianghan Plain, 172 farmers in Tianmen city, Hubei province were surveyed from 2017 to 2019 by household questionnaire production efficiency, the main limiting factors affecting wheat production in the Jianghan Plain were analyzed. The results showed that the average wheat yield in the Jianghan Plain was 4762kg/ha, the planting cost was 5776 yuan/ha, the cost of mechanical processing > fertilizer > seed > labor > pesticide, and the annual production benefit was 3215 yuan/ha. Compared with wheat following rice, drought wheat had higher yield, lower planting cost and higher production efficiency. Wheat yield and production efficiency were significantly higher in 2018-2019 than in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 due to significant differences in climate conditions and sowing quality. In order to improve wheat yield and production efficiency in the Jianghan Plain, research and application of agricultural machinery and agronomy matching technologies, fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency improvement technologies, and disaster-resistant technologies, as well as the optimal arrangement of wheat varieties should be carried out.

Key words: Wheat, Yield, Production cost, Production efficiency, Jianghan Plain

Table 1

Weather factors during wheat fertility in Tianmen city"

气象因子
Meteorological factor		 年份
Year		 月份Month
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5
总降水量
Total rainfall(mm)		 2016-2017 105.50 63.70 43.40 52.40 47.40 78.80 123.30 120.10
2017-2018 21.30 18.80 5.70 81.80 41.00 103.00 96.50 174.20
2018-2019 18.20 86.90 60.30 55.80 49.10 47.50 117.60 50.20
日均温
Daily average temperature (℃)		 2016-2017 16.44 11.71 8.15 7.00 7.77 11.68 17.83 22.54
2017-2018 15.69 12.52 7.10 2.19 6.63 13.45 19.05 23.54
2018-2019 17.12 12.46 5.29 3.82 4.04 12.74 17.78 21.26
积温
Accumulated temperature (℃)		 2016-2017 279.40 351.50 252.67 216.88 217.64 361.93 499.31 540.96
2017-2018 266.80 375.60 220.10 84.40 185.50 416.90 571.40 564.90
2018-2019 291.10 373.80 169.70 119.90 114.40 394.90 533.50 510.20
总日照时数
Total sunshine hours (h)		 2016-2017 15.00 80.00 110.00 97.60 97.80 112.30 165.20 152.90
2017-2018 88.30 112.10 142.10 77.00 133.70 115.60 160.00 121.00
2018-2019 89.40 140.40 53.30 46.30 26.70 137.40 71.10 93.60

Table 2

General situation of annual crop production"

类型
Type		 项目
Item		 面积
Area
(hm2)
产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产值（元/hm2）
Output value
(yuan/hm2)		 除地租外生产成本（元/hm2）
Production cost except
land rent (yuan/hm2)		 租地成本
（元/hm2）
Land rent cost
(yuan/hm2)		 周年生产效益
（元/hm2）
Production
benefit
(yuan/hm2)
前茬作物
Previous crop		 小麦
Wheat		 前茬作物
Previous crop		 小麦
Wheat		 前茬作物
Previous crop		 小麦
Wheat
水稻/小麦
Rice/wheat
n=107		 变幅 0.2~90.0 7275~9645 2250~5850 19060~25848 3150~11700 6075~8550 4470~7245 3000~9900 1832~19427
平均 9.1±17.5 8360±1255 4255±663 22376±1858 7965±1635 7650±855 5988±617 5630±1520 11073±4152
大豆或花生/小麦
Soybean or
peanut/wheat
n=65		 变幅 0.1~8.0 1545~4695 4500~7125 9106~31926 8820~12825 7175~12180 4042~7350 3300~8250 1551~19249
平均 1.8±2.1 2772±984 5599±566 18396±2709 10680±875 10320±1125 5428±912 5225±1490 8103±2387
总计
Total
n=172		 变幅 0.1~90.0 1545~9645 2250~7125 9160~31926 3150~12825 6075~12180 4042~7350 3000~9900 1551~19427
平均 6.3±14.3 6248±2160 4762±905 20872±2188 8991±1920 8659±1231 5776±788 5477±1514 9951±3736

Fig.1

Wheat planting area of investigated farmers"

Fig.2

Sowing rate classification of wheat"

Fig.3

Yield classification of wheat"

Fig.4

Planting cost classification of wheat"

Fig.5

Classification production efficiency of wheat"

Table 3

"

类型
Type		 项目
Item		 种子
Seed		 肥料
Fertilizer		 农药
Pesticide		 机械作业
Mechanical		 人工
Labor cost		 总生产成本
Total production cost
稻茬小麦
Wheat following rice		 变幅 540~1449 1335~2310 75~900 1200~2400 420~900 4470~7245
平均 973±172 1851±274 493±146 1980±265 691±129 5988±617
旱茬小麦
Drought wheat		 变幅 630~975 975~2250 360~1500 1200~2250 480~900 4042~7350
平均 843±94 1296±321 671±342 1927±252 691±170 5428±912
总计Total 变幅 540~1449 975~2310 75~1500 1200~2400 420~900 4042~7350
平均 924±160 1641±398 560±254 1960±261 691±145 5776±788

Fig.6

Proportion of inputs to total production costs"

Table 4

"

类型
Type		 年份
Year		 农户数量
Number of farmers		 种子
Seed		 肥料
Fertilizer		 农药
Pesticide		 机械作业
Mechanical		 人工
Labor cost		 产量
Yield		 生产效益
Production efficiency
稻茬小麦
Wheat following rice		 2016-2017 36 934±187 1850±278 501±136 1972±258 700±124 4183±567 1737±1357
2017-2018 36 980±151 1853±275 488±153 1972±268 691±132 3918±728 1226±815
2018-2019 35 1006±171 1849±278 490±152 1997±276 681±134 4674±432 2997±1146
旱茬小麦
Drought wheat		 2016-2017 19 821±101 1325±337 701±360 1974±206 704±176 5578±462 4998±989
2017-2018 23 850±90 1281±321 654±342 1924±249 685±170 5462±633 5057±946
2018-2019 23 854±92 1288±321 663±340 1891±291 685±170 5753±557 5658±907
总计Total 2016-2017 55 895±171 1669±389 570±254 1973±239 702±143 4665±853 2863±1992
2017-2018 59 929±145 1630±405 553±255 1953±260 689±147 4520±1024 2719±2424
2018-2019 58 945±162 1627±403 558±256 1955±284 683±148 5102±717 4052±1681
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