Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 188-194.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.027

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Operation and Plant Spacing on Yield and Quality of Yunyan 116 in Pu’er Tobacco Area

Zhang Xi1(), Xie Jin1(), Huang Hao1, Gao Renji1, Lu Chao2, Zhou Yilin2, Liang Zengfa3, Wang Wei3   

  1. 1China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510385, Guangdong, China
    2Pu’er Jingdong County Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Pu’er 676200, Yunnan, China
    3College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-06-29 Revised:2021-07-21 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

In order to explore the optimal nitrogen application rate, nitrogen fertilizer base chasing ratio and planting spacing for the new roasted tobacco variety Yunyan 116 in Pu’er tobacco area, the effects of different treatments on the economic traits, chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality of roasted tobacco were investigated through a field plot test using L9(34) non-interactive orthogonal test design. The results showed that Yunyan 116 performed best in economic traits and overall quality at row spacing (1.20m×0.50m), low N level (112.5kg/ha), and N fertilizer base chasing ratio of 5:5. Compared with conventional production measures, Yunyan 116 should strictly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, which was 7.5-15.0kg/ha lower than the main variety of Yunyan 87. The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer base to dressing could be adjusted appropriately, decreasing the ratio of base fertilizer and increasing the proportion of dressing fertilizer appropriately.

Key words: Yunyan 116, Nitrogen application rate, Ratio of base to dressing, Plant spacing, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Orthogonal test table"

施氮量
N application
amount (kg/hm2)		 氮肥基追比例
N base and
topdressing ratio		 株距
Plant spacing
(m)		 试验组合
Experiment
combination
112.5 3:7 0.45 A1B1C1
112.5 5:5 0.50 A1B2C2
112.5 7:3 0.55 A1B3C3
127.5 3:7 0.50 A2B1C2
127.5 5:5 0.55 A2B2C3
127.5 7:3 0.45 A2B3C1
142.5 3:7 0.55 A3B1C3
142.5 5:5 0.45 A3B2C1
142.5 7:3 0.50 A3B3C2

Table 2

The method of assigning values for chemical composition indexes of flue-cured tobacco (C3F)"

指标
Index		 分值Point 权重
Proportion
100 99~91 90~81 80~71 70~61 ≤60
烟碱Nicotine (%) 2.21~2.80 2.01~2.20 1.81~2.00 1.71~1.80 1.61~1.70 ≤1.60 0.17
2.81~2.90 2.91~3.00 3.01~3.10 3.11~3.20 ≥3.20
总氮Nitrogen (%) 2.01~2.50 1.91~2.00 1.81~190 1.71~180 1.61~170 ≤1.60 0.09
2.51~2.60 2.61~2.70 2.71~2.80 2.81~2.90 ≥2.90
还原糖Reducing sugar (%) 22.01~26.00 20.01~22.00 18.01~20.00 16.01~18.00 15.01~16.00 ≤15.00 0.14
26.01~28.00 28.01~30.00 30.01~31.00 31.01~32.00 ≥32.00
钾Potassium (%) ≥2.50 2.01~2.50 1.51~2.00 1.21~1.50 1.01~1.20 ≤1.00 0.08
淀粉Starch (%) ≤3.50 3.51~4.50 4.51~5.00 5.01~5.50 5.51~6.00 ≥6.01 0.07
糖碱比Sugar-nicotine ratio 12.01~14.00 11.01~12.00 10.01~11.00 9.01~10.00 8.01~9.00 ≤8.00 0.25
14.01~15.00 15.01~16.00 16.01~17.00 17.01~18.00 ≥18.01
氮碱比Nitrogen-nicotine ratio 0.81~1.05 0.76~0.80 0.71~0.75 0.66~0.75 0.61~0.65 ≤0.60 0.11
1.06~1.10 1.11~1.15 1.16~1.20 1.21~1.25 ≥1.26
钾氯比Potassium-chlorine ratio ≥8.00 6.01~8.00 5.01~6.00 4.51~5.00 4.01~4.50 ≤4.00 0.09

Table 3

Sensory quality evaluation method"

指标
Index		 分值Point 权重
Proportion
7.6~9.0 6.1~7.5 4.6~6.0 3.1~4.5 ≤3.0
香气质Aroma quality 好、较好 中偏上 中等 中偏下 较差、差 0.25
香气量Aroma amount 足、较足 尚足 有 较少 少 0.25
杂气Savors 轻 较轻 有 较重 重 0.17
刺激性Irritating 小 较小 有 较大 大 0.13
余味Aftertaste 舒适 较舒适 尚舒适 欠舒适 滞舌 0.20

Table 4

Economic indicators in different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 产值（元/hm2）
Output value
(yuan/hm2)		 均价（元/kg）
Average price
(yuan/kg)		 上中等烟比例
Upper-middle
grade ratio (%)
A1B1C1 2418.75a 51 422.63ab 21.26ab 90.75a
A1B2C2 2497.65a 61 142.47a 24.48a 90.12a
A1B3C3 2224.35a 36 145.69b 16.25bc 71.12ab
A2B1C2 2120.85a 44 092.47b 20.79ab 85.77a
A2B2C3 2294.85a 33 390.07b 14.55c 71.79ab
A2B3C1 2093.10a 37 508.35b 17.92bc 80.65ab
A3B1C3 2498.85a 37 232.87b 14.90bc 63.22b
A3B2C1 2511.30a 45 479.64ab 18.11bc 79.43ab
A3B3C2 2451.75a 41 557.16b 16.95bc 78.17ab

Fig.1

Intuitive analysis of economic traits-factor level average graphs"

Table 5

Contents and scores of routine chemical indicators in different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 总氮
Total
nitrogen (%)		 烟碱
Nicotine
(%)		 还原糖
Reducing
sugar (%)		 钾
Potassium
(%)		 淀粉
Starch
(%)		 糖碱比
Sugar-nicotine
ratio		 氮碱比
Nitrogen-
nicotine ratio		 钾氯比
Potassium-
chlorine ratio		 总分
Total
score
A1B1C1 1.76~76.50 2.24~100.00 26.89~95.50 3.90~100.00 3.38~100.00 14.17~98.30 0.79~89.50 12.94~100.00 95.68
A1B2C2 1.97~97.30 2.76~100.00 24.72~100.00 3.84~98.60 3.64~98.60 10.78~98.70 0.71~81.40 14.22~100.00 97.29
A1B3C3 1.89~89.40 2.63~100.00 26.32~98.40 3.07~100.00 4.01~94.90 11.58~94.20 0.72~82.20 8.53~100.00 95.06
A2B1C2 1.95~95.00 2.50~100.00 27.98~90.10 3.62~100.00 3.96~95.40 13.01~100.00 0.78~88.00 15.08~100.00 94.36
A2B2C3 1.99~99.60 2.47~100.00 24.28~100.00 2.57~100.00 3.82~96.80 10.85~88.50 0.81~92.20 5.98~82.50 94.43
A2B3C1 1.97~97.20 2.96~84.30 25.24~100.00 3.23~100.00 3.67~98.30 9.87~78.70 0.67~74.30 10.42~100.00 88.81
A3B1C3 1.88~88.10 2.59~100.00 28.58~87.10 3.48~100.00 3.34~100.00 12.50~95.00 0.73~83.60 16.57~100.00 94.07
A3B2C1 2.14~100.00 2.81~98.70 21.90~64.70 2.65~100.00 3.61~98.90 11.84~98.40 0.76~86.60 7.16~95.80 92.54
A3B3C2 1.83~83.30 2.86~94.10 27.03~94.80 3.48~100.00 3.66~98.40 10.99~89.90 0.66~72.40 12.00~100.00 91.12

Table 6

Sensory evaluation of smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in different treatments (C3F)"

处理
Treatment		 劲头
Strength		 浓度
Density		 香气质
Aroma quality		 香气量
Aroma amount		 杂气
Savors		 刺激性
Irritating		 余味
Aftertaste		 总分
Total score
A1B1C1 6.50 6.50 6.60 6.65 6.60 6.60 6.80 73.84
A1B2C2 6.65 6.75 6.65 6.80 6.50 6.50 6.85 74.18
A1B3C3 6.50 6.75 6.60 6.75 6.50 6.45 6.50 73.05
A2B1C2 6.50 6.50 6.55 6.50 6.75 6.80 6.75 73.75
A2B2C3 6.50 6.60 6.50 6.80 6.60 6.60 6.80 73.98
A2B3C1 6.50 6.50 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.50 73.04
A3B1C3 6.50 6.50 6.55 6.50 6.60 6.60 6.75 73.18
A3B2C1 6.50 6.75 6.60 6.50 6.60 6.60 6.75 73.32
A3B3C2 6.60 7.00 6.55 6.55 6.50 6.45 6.50 72.36

Table 7

The statistical analysis of the comprehensive score of chemical composition coordination and the comprehensive score of sensory quality"

分析方法
Method		 项目 化学成分Chemical composition 感官质量Sensory quality
A B C A B C
方差分析
Variance analysis		 SS（平方和） 101.46 57.65 25.73 2.25 4.58 0.45
df（自由度） 2 2 2 2 2 2
MS（均方） 50.73 28.83 12.86 1.13 2.29 0.22
F值 215.70 122.56 54.70 28.09 57.16 5.58
P值 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
极差分析
Range analysis		 K1 288.03 284.12 277.03 221.07 220.77 220.20
K2 277.60 284.26 282.78 220.77 221.47 220.28
K3 277.73 274.99 283.56 218.85 218.44 220.21
K1* 96.01 94.71 92.34 73.69 73.59 73.40
K2* 92.53 94.75 94.98 73.59 73.82 73.43
K3* 92.58 91.66 94.52 72.95 72.81 73.40
R 3.47 3.09 1.92 0.74 1.01 0.03
主次顺序Sequence A>B>C B>A>C
最优组合Optimal A1B2C2 A1B2C2

Table 8

Different index leading factors and optimal combination statistics"

指标
Index		 试验因素排序
Sorting of experimental factors		 主导因素
Dominant factor		 最优组合
Optimal combination
产量Yield A B C A A3B2C2
产值Output value C A B C A1B2C2
均价Average price C A B C A1B2C2
上中等烟比例Upper-middle grade ratio C A B C A1B2C2
化学成分综合得分Chemical composition score A B C A A1B2C2
评吸质量综合得分Comment quality score B A C B A1B2C2
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