Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 124-130.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.018

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Analysis on the Effects of Precision Drill Sowing in Machine Transplanting for Single-Season Hybrid Rice to Improve Yield of Sparsely Planted Population

Fang Wenying1(), Zhu Defeng2(), Huai Yan3, Chen Jiaqi1, Chen Huizhe2, Wang Yaliang2()   

  1. 1Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
    2China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
    3Zhejiang Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2022-04-10 Revised:2022-04-26 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of precision drill sowing in machine transplanting for single-season hybrid rice to improve yield of sparsely planted population, the indica/japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou 1540’ was used as the material, and two seeding rate treatments of standard 9-inch seedling tray (45.7g/tray, R1; 60.5g/tray, R2) and two machine transplanting specifications [30cm×21cm (D1); 30cm×18cm (D2)] were set to compare the tillering characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of rice population between precision drill sowing (PS) and traditional broadcast sowing (BS) in machine transplanting. The results showed that the increase of seeding rate in seedling tray reduced the dry matter accumulation and plumpness of rice seedling, PS treatment significantly improved the seedling quality. Compared with BS treatment, PS treatment significantly reduced the missing hill percent by 11.1 percentage point, meanwhile increased the percentage of hill of 2-3 seedlings transplanted by 109.7%. PS treatment increased the tillering rate and the number of tillers at tillering peak stage of rice population, especially under the low seeding rates, and the number of tillers at tillering peak stage and the productive tillers were higher in D2 compared to D1, and the number of peak tillering seedlings and productive tillers were the highest under R1D2PS. The dry matter accumulation of rice population presented as PS>BS, R1>R2, D2>D1 among the treatments, and the treatment of R1D2PS presented the highest dry matter accumulation. PS treatment enhanced the rice yield by increasing the number of productive panicles. Compared with BS treatment, PS treatment increased the rice yield by 13.8% in average. Increasing of planting density increased the number of productive tillers, but slightly decreased the number of spikelet per panicle. PSR1D2 presented the highest rice yield. In summary, precision drill sowing promoted the tiller occurrence, and increased the number of productive panicles and dry matter accumulation of sparsely planted population, and then increased the hybrid rice yield.

Key words: Indica-japonica hybrid rice, Machine transplanting, Precision drill sowing, Productive tiller formation, Dry matter accumulation

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of traditional broadcast sowing and precise drill sowing under different seeding rates"

Table 1

Effects of precision dill sowing on seedling quality"

秧盘播种量
Seeding rate
per tray		 播种方式
Sowing
method		 株高
Seedling
height (cm)		 叶龄
Leaf
age		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 根数
The number
of roots		 茎叶干重
Dry weight of stems
and leaves (mg)		 根干重
Dry weight
of root (mg)		 秧苗充实度
Seedling fullness
(mg/cm)
R1 BS 15.18±0.43 3.37±0.09 6.83±0.65 11.02±1.16 66.33±2.85 17.87±1.66 4.36±0.16
PS 15.02±0.09 3.33±0.09 9.44±0.49** 11.74±0.61 68.93±3.35 19.00±0.66 4.59±0.24
R2 BS 15.32±0.28 3.15±0.06 6.42±0.71 10.76±1.54 56.23±0.76 12.70±2.01 3.67±0.11
PS 15.46±0.38 3.12±0.03 7.44±0.23 9.93±0.80 66.40±1.87** 16.27±0.49** 4.30±0.20**
秧盘播种量Seeding rate per tray 0.01 29.35** 14.22** 2.69 4.36 8.80* 1.78
播种方式Sowing method 0.52 0.68 32.39** 0.01 46.28** 17.44** 13.68**
秧盘播种×播种方式
Seeding rate per tray×sowing method		 1.41 0.01 6.16* 1.53 0.10 0.02 0.33

Fig.2

Effects of precision dill sowing on missing hill percent and percentage of 2~3 seedling per hill machine transplanted “**”indicats extremely significant difference at P < 0.01 level"

Fig.3

Effects of precision drill sowing on tillering dynamics of rice population under different seeding rate and machine planting density"

Fig.4

Effects of precision drill sowing on productive tiller percent of rice population under different seeding rate and machine planting density"

Table 2

Effects of precision drill sowing on dry matter accumulation of rice population under different seeding rate and machine planting density t/hm2"

秧盘播种量
Seeding rate
per tray		 种植密度
Plant
density		 播种方式
Sowing
method		 分蘖高峰
Tillering peak
stage		 穗分化期
Panicle initiation
stage		 齐穗期
Heading
stage		 成熟期
Maturing
stage		 抽穗―成穗期
Heading-
maturing
R1 D1 BS 1.27±0.04 2.62±0.02 11.97±0.45 19.32±0.47 7.35±0.72
PS 1.74±0.06** 3.37±0.29** 16.37±0.38** 28.00±0.37** 11.63±0.13**
D2 BS 1.39±0.06 2.65±0.23 14.33±1.48 21.60±1.57 7.27±0.64
PS 2.01±0.11** 3.65±0.25** 18.47±1.31** 29.61±1.47** 11.14±2.65**
R2 D1 BS 1.36±0.05 2.57±0.09 14.00±0.16 21.62±1.39 7.62±1.25
PS 1.55±0.26 3.32±0.13** 15.22±0.34** 26.05±1.70** 10.83±1.68**
D2 BS 1.78±0.24 2.84±0.22 14.45±0.43 24.78±0.35 10.33±0.76
PS 1.67±0.14 3.30±0.29** 16.19±0.69** 28.30±0.41** 12.11±0.34**
秧盘播种量Seeding rate per tray 0.07 0.57 0.99 1.50 2.89
种植密度Plant density 16.13 2.61 20.57** 25.78** 2.71
播种方式Sowing method 25.02** 72.90** 78.65** 179.20** 39.23**
秧盘播种量×种植密度Seeding rate per tray×plant density 0.42 0.05 5.48* 0.63 4.63*
秧盘播种量×播种方式Seeding rate per tray×sowing method 19.04** 2.36 18.52** 22.42** 2.22
种植密度×播种方式Plant density×sowing method 0.43 0.02 0.04 0.71 0.73
秧盘播种量×种植密度×播种方式
Seeding rate per tray×plant density×sowing method		 3.59 2.41 0.37 0.03 0.27

Table 3

Effects of precision drill sowing on dry matter translocation of rice population from heading to maturing under different seeding rate and machine planting density"

秧盘播种量
Seeding rate
per tray		 种植密度
Plant
density		 播种方式
Sowing
method		 茎鞘和叶片的
干物质转运之和
Dry matter translocation of stem-
sheaths and leaves (t/hm2)		 穗部干物质积累
Dry matter accumulation
in panicle (t/hm2)		 穗部干物质转运贡献率
Contribution of dry
matter transportation
to panicle (%)
R1 D1 BS 2.32±0.19 9.01±0.33 25.70±1.42**
PS 1.48±0.22** 13.06±0.13** 11.32±1.59
D2 BS 2.51±0.34 9.78±0.68 25.71±3.33**
PS 2.90±0.25 15.00±0.08** 19.35±1.80
R2 D1 BS 1.54±0.30 9.44±1.19 16.40±2.96
PS 2.14±0.04** 13.18±1.77** 16.41±2.02
D2 BS 1.60±0.31 11.26±0.44 14.24±2.89
PS 1.62±0.34 13.43±0.75** 12.07±2.37
秧盘播种量Seeding rate per tray 27.95** 0.10 34.55**
种植密度Plant density 7.10* 11.77** 0.15
播种方式Sowing method 0.15 117.59** 34.33**
秧盘播种量×种植密度Seeding rate per tray×plant density 22.67** 0.21 13.85**
秧盘播种量×播种方式Seeding rate per tray×sowing method 5.95* 5.78* 22.65**
种植密度×播种方式Plant density×sowing method 2.24 0.08 2.23
秧盘播种量×种植密度×播种方式
Seeding rate per tray×plant density×sowing method		 17.07** 3.82 6.81*

Table 4

Effects of precision drill sowing on yield formation under different seeding rate and machine planting density"

秧盘播种量
Seeding rate per tray		 种植密度
Plant density		 播种方式
Sowing method		 有效穗数
The number of productive
tillers (×105/hm2)		 穗粒数
The number of
spikelet per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
R1 D1 BS 16.21±0.25 350.24±6.16 86.89±2.22 22.11±0.02 10.91±0.16
PS 20.00±0.26** 363.85±5.05 86.84±2.41 22.15±0.06 13.99±0.39**
D2 BS 16.90±0.40 354.56±10.00 86.60±2.89 22.69±0.32 11.78±0.82
PS 21.40±0.85** 352.80±11.19 86.86±0.42 21.89±0.28 14.34±0.12**
R2 D1 BS 17.13±0.40 349.46±2.35 86.91±0.09 22.69±0.35 12.11±0.86
PS 18.27±0.59** 358.06±6.68 87.05±3.07 22.00±0.40 12.55±1.04
D2 BS 17.07±0.38 358.90±5.78 86.24±3.57 22.90±0.32 11.81±0.39
PS 19.83±0.25** 346.70±3.33 86.33±3.54 22.20±0.23 13.18±0.58**
秧盘播种量Seeding rate per tray 8.44** 0.54 0.02 26.36** 1.81
种植密度Plant density 23.93** 5.92* 0.01 2.73 2.31
播种方式Sowing method 256.59** 0.53 0.01 131.37** 52.72**
秧盘播种量×种植密度
Seeding rate per tray×plant density		 0.36 1.55 0.00 3.60 0.78
秧盘播种量×播种方式
Seeding rate per tray×sowing method		 33.27** 1.87 0.00 10.31 13.92**
种植密度×播种方式Plant density×sowing method 8.44* 2.34 0.06 5.66 0.15
秧盘播种量×种植密度×播种方式
Seeding rate per tray×plant density×sowing method		 1.07 1.41 0.16 43.17** 2.01*
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