Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 201-207.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.06.029

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Effects of Biochar Dosage on Accumulation and Transport of Dry Matter and Nitrogen and Yield of Spring Wheat in Irrigated Area

Hui Chao(), Yang Weijun(), Deng Tianchi, Chen Yuxin, Song Shilong, Zhang Jinshan, Shi Shubing   

  1. School of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-07-18 Revised:2022-09-27 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2022-12-21
  • Contact: Yang Weijun E-mail:hczll1997@163.com;1984_ywj@163.com

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Abstract:

The effects of single application of different amounts of biochar and nitrogen reduction combined application of biochar on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation and yield of spring wheat in irrigated area were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilizer reduction and agricultural utilization of biochar. Four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, 30t/ha) and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 150kg/ha) were set. Through a two-year field experiment, the dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, distribution and transportation and spring wheat yield were analyzed in 2020. The results showed that, compared with nitrogen reduction alone, application of different amounts of biochar or nitrogen reduction combined with biochar significantly increased the yield of spring wheat (P < 0.05), the increase range was 6.4%-20.2%, in which nitrogen reduction combined with medium amount of biochar (N 150kg/ha, biochar 20t/ha) had the best effect. Compared with the control, dry matter accumulation and transport amounts were increased by 18.8% and 85.0%, respectively, and transport efficiency was also significantly improved. Nitrogen transport amount and transport efficiency were increased by 52.8% and 19.8%, respectively. The effects of biochar application on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transport of spring wheat were significant, and were beneficial to increase the yield of spring wheat. Under the conditions of this experiment, biochar (20t/ha) combined with nitrogen (150kg/ha) had the highest yield.

Key words: Spring wheat, Biochar, Dry matter, Distribution, Accumulation, Yield

Table 1

Amount of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer of each treatment in the field experiment"

处理
Treatment		 生物炭
Biochar (t/hm2)		 氮肥
Nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm2)
B0N0 (CK) 0 0
B1N0 30 0
B2N0 20 0
B3N0 10 0
B0N1 0 150
B1N1 30 150
B2N1 20 150
B3N1 10 150

Table 2

Dry matter accumulation of spring wheat under different treatments in each growth period g/plant"

处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing
stage		 孕穗期
Booting
stage		 开花期
Flowering
stage		 灌浆期
Filling
stage		 成熟期
Maturity
B0N0 (CK) 0.13cd 0.30e 1.73c 2.47c 3.34f
B1N0 0.16cd 0.36cde 1.98b 2.67abc 3.62de
B2N0 0.17bc 0.40bc 2.29a 3.23a 3.82bc
B3N0 0.13d 0.33de 2.17ab 2.63bc 3.54e
B0N1 0.16bcd 0.38bcd 2.23a 2.83abc 3.76cd
B1N1 0.20ab 0.44ab 2.16ab 3.04abc 3.99ab
B2N1 0.23a 0.47a 2.29a 3.13ab 4.14a
B3N1 0.18bc 0.43ab 2.10ab 2.75abc 3.90bc

Table 3

Dry matter accumulation model of spring wheat under different treatments"

处理Treatment 拟合方程Fitting equation t0/d t1/d t2/d ?t/d Vmax R2
B0N0(CK) y=3.23/(1+e7.93-0.13t) 51.75 63.73 75.70 23.94 0.10 0.9642
B1N0 y=3.46/(1+e8.04-0.13t) 49.85 61.82 73.79 23.94 0.11 0.9559
B2N0 y=3.57/(1+e13.60-0.23t) 52.47 59.05 65.63 13.17 0.18 0.9790
B3N0 y=3.11/(1+e15.34-0.27t) 50.15 56.14 62.12 11.97 0.16 0.9451
B0N1 y=3.35/(1+e13.26-0.23t) 50.95 59.73 68.51 17.56 0.14 0.9447
B1N1 y=3.83/(1+e8.24-0.13t) 51.73 58.00 64.27 12.54 0.17 0.9638
B2N1 y=3.96/(1+e8.15-0.13t) 50.02 59.43 68.84 18.81 0.18 0.9662
B3N1 y=3.80/(1+e7.02-0.11t) 53.51 59.50 65.49 11.97 0.14 0.9866

Table 4

Dry matter distribution in the mature stage of spring wheat under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem and sheath 叶片Leaf 颖壳Chaff 籽粒Grain
质量（g/株）
Mass (g/plant)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 质量（g/株）
Mass (g/plant)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 质量（g/株）
Mass (g/plant)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 质量（g/株）
Mass (g/plant)		 比例
Ratio (%)
B0N0(CK) 0.92c 27.66a 0.17c 5.18ab 0.66a 19.65a 1.59d 47.50c
B1N0 1.02abc 28.13a 0.19bc 5.29ab 0.57a 15.80ab 1.84c 50.76abc
B2N0 0.95bc 26.77a 0.19bc 5.27ab 0.56a 15.78b 1.85c 52.18ab
B3N0 1.05abc 27.43a 0.21ab 5.47a 0.66a 17.16ab 1.91c 49.94bc
B0N1 1.00abc 25.74a 0.19ab 4.90b 0.65a 16.63ab 2.06b 52.73ab
B1N1 1.13a 27.18a 0.21a 5.11ab 0.59a 14.17b 2.22a 53.53ab
B2N1 0.98bc 26.12a 0.19abc 5.03ab 0.53a 14.12b 2.06b 54.73a
B3N1 1.07ab 26.69a 0.21ab 5.19ab 0.65a 16.16ab 2.08b 51.95ab
B ns ns ns ns
N ns ns ns ns
B×N ns ns * *

Table 5

Dry matter transport of vegetative organs and contribution to grain of spring wheat"

处理
Treatment		 营养器官干重（g/株）
Vegetative organs dry weight (g/plant)		 单株粒重（g/株）
Grain weight
(g/plant)		 干物质转运量（g/株）
Dry matter transport
amount (g/plant)		 干物质转运效率
Dry matter
transport rate (%)		 干物质转运贡献率
Dry matter transport
contribution rate (%)
开花期Anthesis 成熟期Maturity
B0N0(CK) 1.78c 1.72ab 1.59d 0.06b 3.46b 3.57b
B1N0 1.98b 1.78ab 1.84c 0.19ab 9.33ab 10.61ab
B2N0 2.17ab 1.69b 1.85c 0.46a 21.02a 24.78a
B3N0 2.29a 1.91a 1.91c 0.34ab 14.76ab 17.80ab
B0N1 2.23a 1.70b 2.06b 0.42a 18.83a 20.23ab
B1N1 2.16ab 1.92a 2.08b 0.26ab 12.03ab 12.26ab
B2N1 2.29a 1.92a 2.22a 0.40a 17.46ab 18.18ab
B3N1 2.10ab 1.84ab 2.06b 0.37ab 16.74ab 17.79ab
B * ns ns ns ns ns
N * ns * ns ns ns
B×N ns ns * ns ns ns

Table 6

Nitrogen accumulation and distribution ratio in spring wheat at mature stage"

处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem and sheath 叶片Leaf 颖壳Chaff 籽粒Grain
单株积累量
Accumulation
per plant (mg)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 单株积累量
Accumulation
per plant (mg)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 单株积累量
Accumulation
per plant (mg)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 单株积累量
Accumulation
per plant (mg)		 比例
Ratio
(%)
B0N0(CK) 17.13c 12.86a 3.92e 2.94b 11.36bc 8.53a 100.72e 75.66ef
B1N0 16.95c 11.53bc 6.10c 4.15a 10.29de 7.00c 113.63d 77.32bc
B2N0 21.50b 12.59a 6.89b 4.04a 13.67a 8.01b 128.60b 75.36e
B3N0 18.19c 12.44ab 6.01c 4.11a 9.35e 6.39d 112.69d 77.05cd
B0N1 17.96c 11.10c 6.17c 3.81a 10.24de 6.33d 127.45b 78.16a
B1N1 20.70b 12.56ab 4.86d 2.95b 10.45cd 6.34d 128.86b 78.76ab
B2N1 26.88a 13.34a 8.13a 4.04a 12.77a 6.34d 153.74a 76.29de
B3N1 20.95b 13.07a 6.59bc 4.11a 11.58b 7.23c 121.06c 75.71ef
B ns ns ns ns
N * ns ns *
B×N * ** ** **

Table 7

Nitrogen accumulation and transport in spring wheat"

处理
Treatment		 花前营养器官
氮素积累量
Nitrogen accumulation
pre-anthesis (kg/hm2)		 成熟期氮素积累
Nitrogen accumulation at maturity (kg/hm2)		 氮素转运
Nitrogen translocation
营养器官
Vegetative part		 籽粒
Grain		 转运量
Transport amount
(kg/hm2)		 转运效率
Transport
efficiency (%)		 对籽粒的贡献率
Contribution rate
to grain (%)
B0N0(CK) 77.85f 32.41e 100.72e 45.44f 58.35d 45.14d
B1N0 107.87e 33.34e 113.63d 74.52e 69.09c 65.61c
B2N0 144.59b 42.06b 128.60b 102.53b 70.89ab 79.78a
B3N0 116.56d 33.56e 112.69d 83.00d 71.20bc 73.66b
B0N1 138.00c 34.36de 127.45b 103.64b 75.09a 81.32a
B1N1 132.45c 36.01cd 128.86b 96.44c 72.81ab 74.85b
B2N1 174.39a 47.78a 153.74a 126.61a 72.60b 82.37a
B3N1 137.77c 39.69c 121.06c 98.08c 71.26bc 81.02a
B ns ** ns ns ns ns
N * * * ns ns ns
B×N ** * ** ** ** **

Table 8

Spring wheat yield and its components under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike
number		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight(g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
B0N0 (CK) 396.4c 34.8c 45.74c 5989.8d
B1N0 438.5ab 37.1ab 48.18abc 7467.6b
B2N0 446.0a 35.8bc 49.43ab 7512.6b
B3N0 410.7bc 35.1c 46.57bc 6400.7cd
B0N1 459.5a 37.8a 47.71abc 7891.1ab
B1N1 425.8abc 38.1a 48.18abc 7462.4b
B2N1 459.6a 38.8a 50.32a 8548.7a
B3N1 432.6ab 37.6ab 46.74abc 7233.2bc
B ns ns * ns
N ns * ns ns
B×N ** ns ns *
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