Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 116-122.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.03.022

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Temperature Evolution and Indicator of Wheat Growth Period in Beijing

Zhou Jihong1,Mao Sishuai1,Wang Junying1,Meng Fanyu1,Ye Caihua2,Li Chao2   

  1. 1Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China
    2Beijing Climate Center,Beijing 100089,China
  • Received:2016-01-14 Revised:2016-04-26 Online:2016-06-15 Published:2018-08-26

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

258

Abstract:

In order to understand the relationship between the temperature indicator of different growth periods and the wheat growth and development in Beijing,this study will provide reference for technicians to manage the field scientifically.Using the method of agricultural investigation and meteorological data of many years,temperature evolution and indicators in wheat growth periods in Beijing were summarized.It showed that the best suitable sowing temperature of wheat in Beijing is 17-18℃;the date of wintering period to stop growing that past the last day of 0℃was November 28 in nearly 30 years;the time and needed accumulative temperature for wheat regeneration,green returning stage,stage to jointing stage,jointing stage to flag-leaf stage,flag-leaf stage to heading stage,heading stage to flowering and flowering to mature were 73.3℃?d/19d,216.5℃?d/18-29d,147.5℃?d/8-12d,231.2℃?d/12-15d,153.4℃?d/7d,113.4℃?d/5d,800.4℃?d/32-37d,respectively.The whole growth period needed over 0℃ accumulated temperature 1 970.7-2 325.5℃?d (average 2 294.0℃?d) and 260d,and the longest time was 262d and the shortest time was 256d.

Key words: Beijing, Wheat, Growth period, Temperature indicators

Table 1

Relationship between yield and sowing date of high yield field in Beijing from 2008 to 2012"

播种时段
Sowing period		 平均播期(月-日)
Average sowing date		 平均温度(℃)
Average temperature		 冬前积温(℃·d)
Accumulated temperature before winter		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 产量比较(%)
Yield comparison		 日减产(kg)
Daily reduction
9月28日-29日 9-29 17.6 490.0~542.3 7 330.5 100.0 -
9月30日-10月2日 10-02 17.0 432.9~537.5 6 673.5 91.0 14.6
10月3日-10月5日 10-04 17.6 363.5~470.4 6 643.5 90.6 9.2
10月5日以后 10-08 16.7 320.6~436.6 6 348.0 86.6 7.3
合计/平均 10-03 18.4 394.6~502.4 6 748.5 92.1 -

Table 2

Temperature of wheat sowing date in Beijing from 1979 to 2008 ℃"

日期(月-日)
Date		 顺义
Shunyi		 密云
Miyun		 怀柔
Huairou		 平谷
Pinggu		 通州
Tongzhou		 大兴
Daxing		 房山
Fangshan		 昌平
Changping		 平均
Average
9-25 18.2 17.4 18.0 18.1 18.6 18.4 18.1 18.3 18.1
9-26 17.6 16.8 17.4 17.5 18.0 17.8 17.5 17.5 17.5
9-27 17.3 16.3 16.9 16.7 17.5 17.2 16.8 17.2 17.0
9-28 17.3 16.2 16.9 16.7 17.6 17.2 16.9 17.3 17.0
9-29 17.4 16.6 17.4 17.0 17.7 17.2 15.5 17.4 17.0
9-30 17.6 16.9 17.3 17.3 17.7 17.3 17.1 17.4 17.3
10-01 17.5 16.8 17.2 17.1 17.6 17.4 17.2 17.4 17.3
10-02 16.7 15.9 16.4 16.2 17.0 16.7 16.6 16.8 16.5
10-03 16.3 15.3 16.0 15.8 16.5 16.2 16.2 16.4 16.1
10-04 16.1 15.1 15.9 15.7 16.4 16.0 15.7 16.1 15.9
10-05 15.6 14.7 15.4 15.1 16.0 15.7 15.3 15.7 15.4
10-06 15.6 14.5 15.3 15.3 15.9 15.6 15.3 15.6 15.4
10-07 15.8 14.8 15.5 15.3 16.0 15.6 15.5 15.6 15.5
10-08 15.3 14.5 15.1 15.0 15.6 15.3 14.9 15.1 15.1

Fig.1

Change of average temperature and negative accumulated temperature in winter of Beijing from 1961 to 2012"

Fig.2

Change trend of average temperature and negative accumulated temperature different years in winter of Beijing from 1961 to 2012"

Fig.3

Change trend of Beijing wheat stop growing time since 1960"

Table 3

Effects of average temperature and negative accumulated temperature on the rate of wheat death seedlings and stalks in Beijing"

年度
Year		 平均气温Average temperature(℃) 冬季负积温(℃·d)
Winter negative accumulated
temperature		 死苗率(%)
Rate of death seedlings		 死茎率(%)
Rate of death stalks
12月
December		 1月
January		 2月
February		 平均
Average
2009-2010 -2.4 -6.5 -1.9 -3.6 -323.8 2.16 4.43
2010-2011 -2.6 -6.0 -0.9 -3.2 -326.9 1.26 2.65
常年Average year -2.3 -4.4 -0.8 -2.5 -278.0 1.05 2.21

Table 4

Correlation between the rate of wheat death seedlings and stalks and average temperature and negative accumulated temperature in Beijing"

指标Index 平均气温Average temperature(℃) 冬季Winter
12月
December		 1月
January		 2月
February		 平均气温(℃)
Average temperature		 负积温(℃·d)
Negative accumulated temperature
死苗率Rate of death seedlings(%) 0.011 -0.802 -0.996 -0.375 -0.602
死茎率Rate of death stalks(%) 0.002 -0.808 -0.995 -0.384 -0.609
相关系数临界值Threshold of correlation coefficent R0.05=0.997 R0.01=0.999

Table 5

Relationship between wheat regeneration and temperature in Beijing from 2006 to 2013"

年份
Year		 返青期
Regeneration		 0℃以上天数(d)
Days of over 0℃		 日平均温度(℃)
Average daily temperature		 返青需积温(℃·d)
Accumulative temperature of regeneration
2006 3-12 13 5.2 67.6
2007 3-06 18 3.5 63.0
2008 3-06 14 5.9 82.6
2009 3-12 18 3.3 59.4
2010 3-22 22 3.1 68.2
2011 3-13 20 4.5 90.0
2012 3-22 29 2.6 75.4
2013 3-13 19 4.2 79.8
平均Average 3-13 19 4.0 73.3

Table 6

Relationship between days of wheat regeneration to standing stage and temperature in Beijing from 2006 to 2013"

年份
Year		 起身期
Standing stage		 日平均温度(℃)
Average daily temperature		 返青期-起身期Regeneration to standing stage
需天数Days(d) 积温Accumulative temperature(℃·d)
2006 4-04 10.5 23 241.5
2007 4-04 7.1 29 205.9
2008 4-04 9.1 29 263.9
2009 4-05 8.7 24 208.8
2010 4-12 9.1 21 191.1
2011 4-05 8.9 23 204.7
2012 4-09 12.0 18 216.0
2013 4-11 6.9 29 200.1
平均Average 4-07 9.0 25 216.5

Table 7

Relationship between standing to jointing stage of wheat and temperature in Beijing from 2006 to 2013"

年份
Year		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 日平均温度(℃)
Average daily temperature		 起身-拔节Standing-jointing stage
需天数Days(d) 积温Accumulated temperature(℃·d)
2006 4-16 10.7 12 128.4
2007 4-15 12.8 11 140.8
2008 4-13 14.3 9 128.7
2009 4-13 18.5 8 148.0
2010 4-24 10.8 12 129.6
2011 4-17 16.1 12 193.2
2012 4-18 18.4 9 165.6
2013 4-23 11.9 12 142.8
平均Average 4-17 14.2 11 147.1

Table 8

Relationship between after jointing stages of Beijing wheat and temperature from 2006 to 2013"

生育时段
Growth phases		 平均积温(℃·d)
Averageaccumulated
temperature		 积温变幅(℃·d)
Accumulated temperature		 经历天数(d)
Days		 天数变幅(d)
Days difference		 日平均温度(℃)
Average daily
temperature
拔节至挑旗Jointing-Flag leaf 231.2 199.3~267.0 14.1 12~15 16.4
挑旗至抽穗Flag leaf-Heading 154.3 126.9~176.7 7.6 6~9 20.3
抽穗至开花Heading-Flowering 113.4 95.2~134.8 5.4 5~6 21.0
开花至成熟Flowering-Maturity 800.4 752.9~864.1 34.5 32~37 23.2

Fig.4

Change trend of average temperature and negative accumulated temperature in winter of Beijing since 1961"

Fig.5

Change trend of the whole growth period accumulated temperature in different years since 1961"

Table 9

Difference of the wheat whole growth period accumulated temperature from 1960 to 2013 ℃·d"

年份
Year		 平均积温
Average accumulated temperature		 最高值
The maximum value		 最低值
The lowest value		 差值
Difference		 变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
1960-1969 2 152.13 2 504.10 2 182.90 321.20 4.45
1970-1979 2 150.89 2 478.00 2 263.80 214.20 2.93
1980-1989 2 192.77 2 586.50 2 183.00 403.50 5.11
1990-1999 2 298.16 2 582.60 2 372.00 210.60 3.32
2000-2009 2 351.65 2 744.60 2 263.80 480.80 5.89
2010-2013 2 279.20 2 572.53 2 506.84 65.69 4.84

Table 1

0 The relationship between mature stages of Beijing wheat and temperature from 2006 to 2013"

年份Year 播种期
Sowing date		 成熟期
Mature stage		 生育期(d)
Growth period		 日均温度(℃)
Average daily temperature		 积温(℃·d)
Accumulated temperature
2005-2006 9-30 6-17 262 8.8 2 294.0
2006-2007 10-03 6-15 257 9.0 2 325.5
2007-2008 10-01 6-17 262 8.6 2 242.3
2008-2009 10-04 6-19 256 8.8 2 246.0
2009-2010 10-05 6-20 260 7.6 1 970.7
2010-2011 10-03 6-19 261 8.6 2 256.0
2011-2012 10-04 6-18 260 8.7 2 274.3
2012-2013 10-06 6-21 260 8.1 2 093.4
平均Average 10-03 6-17 260 8.8 2 294.0
[1] 赵广才 . 中国小麦种植区划研究. 麦类作物学报, 2010,30(5):886-895.
doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2010.05.019
[2] 郭瑞, 季书勤, 王汉芳 , 等. 气候变化对河南省中、北部冬小麦播期和越冬的影响. 河南农业科学, 2011,40(1):37-40.
[3] 李兰真, 汤景华, 汤新海 , 等.不同类型小麦品种播期、播量研究.河南农业科学,2007(11):38-40.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3268.2007.11.010
[4] 胡焕焕, 刘丽平, 李瑞奇 , 等. 播种期和密度对冬小麦品种河农822产量形成的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2008,28(3):490-495.
doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2008.03.111
[5] 李素真, 周爱莲, 王霖 , 等.不同播期播量对不同类型超级小麦产量构成因子的影响.山东农业科学,2005(5):12-15.
[6] 徐恒永, 赵振东, 刘建军 , 等.群体调控对济南17号小麦产量性状的影响.山东农业科学,2001(1):7-9.
[7] 周吉红, 毛思帅, 王俊英 , 等.构建合理群体,因苗因墒科学管理,实现小麦高产高效.作物杂志,2015(4):109-114.
doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2015.04.024
[8] 王俊英, 周吉红, 叶彩华 , 等. 北京市小麦高产指标化栽培技术.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2014: 155-164.
[9] 叶彩华, 栾庆祖, 高燕虎 . 北京冬小麦生长期农业热量资源变化特征分析. 安徽农业科学, 2010,38(17):9072-9076.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2010.17.095
[10] 叶彩华, 栾庆祖, 胡宝昆 . 北京市农业热量资源变化特征及对农业生产的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2010,38(15):8018-8026.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2010.15.117
[1] Zhao Xin, Chen Shaofeng, Wang Hui, . Research on the Yield and Quality of Different Tartaty#br# Buckwheat Varieties in Northern Shanxi Area [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 27-32.
[2] Wang Hanxia, Shan Fuhua, Tian Liping, Ma Qiaoyun, . Analysis of Stability and Adaptability of Winter#br# Wheat Varieties in the Regional Trials of#br# the Northern Wheat Region of China [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 40-44.
[3] An Xia, Zhang Haijun, Jiang Fangshan, Lü Lianjie, Chen Jun. Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Sowing#br# Densities on the Population Structure and#br# Yield of Two Spike Type Winter Wheats [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 132-136.
[4] Wang Jianan, Li Xiaoyan, Wei Shimei, Zhao Huijie, Zhao Mingqi, Wang Yuexia. Regulation of Exogenous 5-Aminolevulinic#br# Acid on Photosynthesis and D1 Protein of#br# Wheat Seedlings under Drought Stress [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 121-126.
[5] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121-125.
[6] Huiqin Wen,Tianling Cheng,Ziyou Pei,Xue Li,Lisheng Zhang,Mei Zhu. Analysis of Comprehensive Characteristics of Wheat Varieties Registered in Shanxi Province in Recent Years [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 32-36.
[7] Fei Yang,Wenli Ma,Yongwei Chen,Zhansheng Zhang,Hao Wang. The Effects of Uniform Sowing and Drip Irrigation on the Spike Differentiation and Yield of Spring Wheat [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 84-88.
[8] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1-7.
[9] Junchan Wang,Zhifu Gao,Dongsheng Li,Dongmei Zhu,Hongya Wu. The Application of Agricultural Information Technology in Wheat Breeding [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 37-43.
[10] Bin Zhang,Jinxiu Li,Zhen Wang,Hao Feng,Jinbang Li. Correlation and Cluster Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Wheat Lines [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 57-60.
[11] Zheng Wang,Zhaobo Chen,Shengquan Zhang,Liping Ren,Xinhuan Gao,Zhijie Ye,Fengting Zhang. Feasibility Analysis of BS Series Hybrid Wheat Seed Production in Weinan of Shaanxi Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 174-179.
[12] Lina Jiang,Ying Yue,Jinna Li,Yawen Zhang,Yalin Zhu,Chunxi Li. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Allocation and Nitrogen Utilization after Anthesis in Wheat [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(2): 80-86.
[13] Xiaohua Shi,Haiying Yang,Wenqin Kang,Yonglin Qin,Mingshou Fan,Liguo Jia. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop Yields and Soil Nitrogen Balance in Potato-Wheat System [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(2): 108-116.
[14] Shaohui Huang,Yunma Yang,Ketong Liu,Yanming Sun,Junfang Yang,Liangliang Jia. Yield Potential, Yield Gap and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Gap of Winter Wheat in Hebei Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(2): 118-122.
[15] Min Song,Haipeng Zhang,Xingtao Lu,Cuixia Wu,Yong Zhang. Control Effect of Six Soil-Applied Herbicides on Lamium amplexicaule L. in Winter Wheat Field [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(2): 161-165.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1 -7 .
[2] Baoquan Quan,Dongmei Bai,Yuexia Tian,Yunyun Xue. Effects of Different Leaf-Peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 102 -105 .
[3] Xuefang Huang,Mingjing Huang,Huatao Liu,Cong Zhao,Juanling Wang. Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 106 -113 .
[4] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[5] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[6] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[7] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[8] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[9] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[10] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .