Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1-6.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.06.001

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Technology and Benefit Analysis of High Yield Record Field in Maize

Li Shaokun1,Wang Keru1,Yang Xiaoxia2,Han Dongsheng2,Wang Yuhua2,Xie Ruizhi1,Hou Peng1,Ming Bo1   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facilities for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement,Beijing 100081,China
    271th Farm,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Xinyuan 835801,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2017-11-08 Online:2017-12-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

The analysis of technology and benefit in maize field of large area high yield record of 71th farm in Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops shows: National maize 700hm 2 large-area high yield record with yield of 18 414.0 kg/hm 2 (1 227.6kg/mu) were created in 2014, and net profit reached 24 118.20 yuan/hm 2 (1 607.88 yuan/mu); yield reached 18 447.0kg/hm 2 (1 229.8kg/mu) in 2017, as well as net profit reached 16 659.75yuan/hm 2 (1 110.65 yuan/mu), which realized maize high-yield and high-efficiency cooperation promotion. Compared with traditional production, high yield maize combined full mechanization production technology with core of grain mechanical harvest, high yield cultivation techniques with core of high-density population planting, high-quality group regulation, and green production technology with focus of green prevention and control, straw returning, fertilizer reduction, maize green increase of yield and efficiency was achieved through the large-scale, standardized production and unified operations management, which setted up a succeeded case for modern maize production.

Key words: Maize, High yield record, High-density planting, Green production, Full mechanization, Cost accounting

Table 1

Yield and yield components of maize in field of maximum grain yield"

年份Year 项目Item 数值Value 变幅Range
2014 测产面积Area 700hm2 (10 500亩) -
收获穗数Harvest ears 106 530±10 095/hm2 (7 102±673/亩) 89 070~131 415/hm2 (5 938~8 761/亩)
鲜出子率Fresh kernel rate (%) 83.9±3.0 76.7~87.2
子粒含水量Grain moisture content (%) 28.5±3.0 24.2~35.8
单穗粒重Single ear weight (g) 174.2±19.0 138.5~214.6
折14%水分后的产量Actual yield 18 414.0kg/hm2 (1 227.6kg/亩) 15 344~21 185kg/hm2 (1 022.9~1 412.3kg/亩)
2017 测产面积Area 73.3hm2 (1 100亩) -
鲜子粒重Fresh kernel weight 21 672.6kg/hm2 (1 444.84kg/亩) -
子粒含水量Grain moisture content (%) 26.8 -
折14%水分后的产量Actual yield 18 447.0kg/hm2 (1 229.8kg/亩) -
破碎率Grain breakage rate (%) 5.4 -
杂质率Impurity rate (%) 0.4 -

Table 2

Operation link and technical requirements of maize in field of maximum grain yield"

序号
Order number		 作业名称
Operation name		 作业时间
Operation time		 使用机械与作业技术要求
Mechanical model and operation technical requirements
1


 整地


 播种前,3月底至4月初


 使用约翰迪尔8295/2204、凯斯3154、芬兰维美德8950或东方红1604/1804拖拉机牵引,使用液压悬挂GBRG400/1BX-3.0、3.5~4.0m动力驱动耙。整地2遍：第1遍作业深度20~22cm,第2遍15~18cm。适时整地,不漏耙压,耙、压到头、到边
2

 播种

 4月初至4月中旬

 使用约翰迪尔7241/854/754/954、福田欧豹904、铁牛854或东方红804/854拖拉机牵引,使用液压悬挂2BDC-9型精量气吸式播种机播种。播种时带种肥磷酸二铵120kg/hm2
3

 化学除草

 4月初,整地后播种前1d进行土壤封闭处理;或苗后4~5片可见叶时喷雾 使用约翰迪尔954/754/7241、福田欧豹904、铁牛854或福田欧豹504拖拉机牵引,使用液压悬挂杆式喷雾机。封闭除草用禾乃斯900~1 050mL或乙草胺
1 500~1 800mL,对水450kg/hm2。苗后除草用含莠去津成分的除草剂喷雾
4



 中耕



 4月下旬至5月下旬,中耕2遍


 使用约翰迪尔7241/954/754、福田欧豹904、铁牛854或东方红804拖拉机,液压悬挂2BDC-9型中耕施肥机,中耕机上安装左右异形铲或人字铲。第1遍中耕：4~5片可见叶进行,一般在4月25日左右,带护苗带,作业深度10~12cm;第2遍中耕：6~7片可见叶进行,一般在4月底至5月下旬,作业深度14~16cm。中耕后土壤要求松碎、平整、无大土块
5
 开毛渠
 4月底至5月,5~6片可见叶时 使用约翰迪尔954/754、福田欧豹904、铁牛854拖拉机,使用液压悬挂开渠犁,渠上口宽度100~110cm,渠深55~65cm
6


 开沟


 5月中旬至6月初,8~9片可见叶时

 使用约翰迪尔7241/954/754/824、福田欧豹904、铁牛854或东方红804拖拉机牵引,使用液压悬挂2BDC-9型中耕施肥机（安装开沟犁）开垄沟,培土高度35cm。要求沟内畅通、沟壁整齐、沟深一致、培土良好、不埋苗、不伤苗、下肥均匀,深度达到要求
7
 追肥
 4月底至6月初
 使用约翰迪尔954/754、福田欧豹904、铁牛854,第2遍中耕时带150kg/hm2尿素;开沟时带225~300kg/hm2尿素
8 化学控制 6~9展叶时 用玉黄金450mL对水450kg/hm2喷雾,其他药剂参照产品使用说明
9 灌溉 6月底至8月初 灌溉2~3次,每12d左右灌溉1次
10
 收获
 10月中旬至11月初
 使用凯斯4088、佳联1075或东风E518/2000型等玉米专用子粒收获机,一般在子粒含水25%以下时收获
11
 拉运
 10月中下旬至11月初,收获时 使用约翰迪尔954/754/7241、福田欧豹904、铁牛854或东方红804等拖拉机牵引,侧翻式挂车
12
 粉碎秸秆
 收获后及时进行,一般在10月中旬至11月中旬 使用约翰迪尔2204/954、芬兰维美德8950、福田欧豹904、东方红1804型等拖拉机,液压悬4J-310/180型茎秆切碎还田机
13
 施全层肥(基肥)
 10月中旬至10月底,秸秆粉碎后、切地前 使用约翰迪尔7241/754/954、福田欧豹904、铁牛854,牵引2BF-24施肥播种机或盘式撒肥机,施磷酸二铵300kg/hm2、尿素75kg/hm2
14
 切地
 10月中下旬至11月初,秸秆粉碎、施基肥后 使用约翰迪尔904/954/2104、福田欧豹904、东方红1804/2204等型号拖拉机牵引,IBZY 3.5型液压偏置重耙切地,作业深度15~17cm
15
 犁地
 10月中旬至11月初
 使用约翰迪尔2204/8295、凯斯3154、芬兰维美德8950型机车牵引,高架液压翻转犁深翻,作业深度29~30cm,耕后达到深、平、齐、碎、墒、净标准

Table 3

Operation link and cost/income of maize in field of maximum grain yield"

项目 Item 2014年In 2014 2017年In 2017
(元/hm2) (元/亩) (元/hm2) (元/亩)
一、成本 Cost 9 320.70 621.38 8 520.75 568.05
（一）机械作业 (1)犁地 420.00 28.00 367.50 24.50
Mechanical operation (2)施全层肥 97.50 6.50 72.00 4.80
(3)整地 第1遍 285.00 19.00 285.00 19.00
第2遍 195.00 13.00 180.00 12.00
(4)播种 135.00 9.00 135.00 9.00
(5)喷药（化除） 27.00 1.80 27.00 1.80
(6)喷药（化控） 27.00 1.80 27.00 1.80
(7)中耕 第1遍 97.50 6.50 97.50 6.50
第2遍 112.50 7.50 112.50 7.50
开沟 97.50 6.50 97.50 6.50
(8)开毛渠 30.00 2.00 30.00 2.00
(9)收割 1 125.00 75.00 975.00 65.00
(10)拉运 277.50 18.50 277.50 18.50
(11)粉碎秸杆 255.00 17.00 232.50 15.50
(12)切地 172.50 11.50 142.50 9.50
小计 3 354.00 223.60 3 058.50 203.90
（二）种子Seed 1 518.00 101.20 1 386.00 92.40
（三）肥料Fertilizer 磷酸二铵 1 755.00 117.00 1 170.00 78.00
尿素 1 071.00 71.40 1 248.00 83.20
小计 2 826.00 188.40 2 418.00 161.20
（四）灌溉(渠水) Irrigation 502.50 33.50 682.50 45.50
（五）农药Pesticide 67.20 4.48 87.75 5.85
（六）保险Insurance 378.00 25.20 378.00 25.20
（七）雇工Labour 675.00 45.00 510.00 34.00
二、土地费Cost of land 2 468.40 164.56 2 490.00 166.00
三、经营费用Operating cost 11 789.10 785.94 11 010.75 734.05
四、玉米单产Yield per hectare (kg/hm2) 18 414.00 1 227.60
 18 447.00 1 229.80
五、产品单价(元/kg) Price of maize grain (yuan/kg) 1.95 1.50
六、产值Gross income 35 907.30 2 393.82 27 670.50 1 844.70
七、净利润Net profit 24 118.20 1 607.88 16 659.75 1 110.65
其他Other 10（良种补贴） 10（良种补贴）
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