Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 62-68.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.04.011

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The Selection of High Yield Maize Cultivars Suitable for Dense Planting and Grain Mechanical Harvesting in North of Xinjiang

Li Shaokun1,Zhang Wanxu1,2,Wang Keru1,Yu Wanbing3,Chen Yongsheng3,Han Dongsheng4,Yang Xiaoxia4,Liu Chaowei2,Zhang Guoqiang1,2,Wang Yizhou2,Liu Fenghe1,Chen Jianglu5,Yang Jingjing5,Xie Ruizhi1,Hou Peng1,Ming Bo1   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Agricultural College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    3 Qitai Farm, The Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Qitai 831800, Xinjiang, China
    4 71th Farm, The Fourth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinyuan 835801, Xinjiang, China
    5 The Sixth Division of Agricultural Science Research Institute of Xinjiang, Wujiaqu 831301, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2018-05-19 Revised:2018-07-02 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-23

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Abstract:

The key to high yield and high density maize mechanized green production are based on the selection of density-resistant, high potential yield, fast dehydration rate of kernel and suitable grain mechanical harvesting cultivars. From 2012 to 2017, we carried out maize cultivar selection test under closed planting conditions with 15 time spots, a total of 133 cultivars (combination 267 items) in the Qitai Farm, the 71th group in Xinyuan and Yining. The harvest quality, grain moisture content and yield were collected. According to grain moisture content and yield, the two-way average method was used to make graphs. The results showed that (1) The average grain breakage rate of 267 samples was 5.20% at harvest, which was higher than the national standard of 5% (GB/T 21961-2008), impurity rate and yield loss rate were 0.67% and 0.92%, respectively, which were lower than the national standard of 3% and 5%. (2) The mean grain moisture content of the grain was 24.65%, and the distribution range was 11.30%-38.60%. There was a very significant positive correlation between grain moisture content and grain breakage rate (r=0.461), high grain moisture content mainly contributed to high breakage rate. The relationship between the two indexes could be fitted in the quadratic function of y=0.0346x 2-1.443x+18.998 (R 2=0.3799, n=267). When the grain moisture content was 20.9%, the breakage rate was the lowest. (3) Fast kernel hydration rate and high yield cultivars including Huamei 1, Jindan 73, Jin 9913, MC670, Zengyu 1317, and Yudan 9953 were recommended as dense planting high-yield cultivars suitable for mechanized green production technology. Cultivars of KX9384, KWS5383, Denghai 1786, Zeyu 501 and Zhengdan 528 were recommended to plant in areas with insufficient thermal resources, or as collocations for areas with moderate thermal resource.

Key words: Northern Xinjiang, Maize, Grain Mechanical Harvest, Cultivar, Selecting

Table 1

The basic description of the experiments"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Site		 种植密度(万株/hm2)
Planting density
(×104plant/hm2)		 品种 Cultivar 品种数
Number of
cultivar		 播种日期
Sowing date		 收获日期
Harvest date		 收获机械
Harvest
machine
2012 奇台总场 12.0 KX1568、先玉1566、KWS7551、先锋38P05、KWS5383、KWS2030、
新玉39、先玉696、新玉56、KWS2564、KX3564		 11 4月18日 10月20日 JD-W210
2013 奇台总场 13.5 良玉99、DL1101、利民33、辽单565、先玉335、晋单73、金9913、农华101、SD3621、SD3622、陕单606、KX3564、登海605、金海1029、金海3055、郑单958、中单90、KX9384、新引M751、新引M753、豫单606、平安169、良玉66、陕单609 24 4月9日 10月18日 JD-W210
71团 12.0 先玉335、中单909、良玉66、良玉99、DL1101、农华101、利民33、辽单565、陕单616、SD3621、登海618（新玉77）、登海605、金9913、平安169、晋单73、KWS2030、KWS5383、利合16 18 4月8日 10月23日 东风E518
伊宁县
科技园		 12.0 良玉88、DL1101、辽单565、金9913、中单909、良玉66、登海605、良玉99、利民33、平安169、KX1568、农华101、晋单73、先玉335 14 4月12日 9月29日 JD-3376
2014 奇台总场 13.5 登海618（新玉77）、新引M753、迪卡517、宁玉721、宁玉524、新引M751、T3014、辽单565、登海179、登海178、DL1101、丹玉8201、联创808、登海177、京科528、京农科728、先玉335、良玉66、辽单588、利民33、新玉19、农润919、登海186、迪卡519、真金8号、陕单619、九玉1011、华美1号、中种8号、宁玉525 30 4月19日 10月22日 JD-3376
2015 71团 12.0 真金318、宁玉525、MC812、登海618（新玉77）、登海178、ND0615、先玉027、京科968、联创808、登海177、ND0514、华美1号、宁玉721 13 4月23日 10月3日 东风-E518
奇台总场
二场四队		 10.5
 农华101、农华106、农华206、锦华150、先玉335、先玉027、登海177、新引M753、华美1号、迪卡517、新引M751 11 4月15日 10月18日 JD-W210
奇台总场
二场四队		 12.0 辽单588、登海618（新玉77）1、登海177、登海178、登海618（新玉77）2、KX9384、新引M753、华美1号、真金318、真金308 10
 4月15日
 10月18日
 JD-W210
奇台总场
二场一队		 12.0 新引M751、登海618（新玉77）、京科968、联创808、陕单618、迪卡517、MC703、中单909 8 4月16日 10月18日 JD-W210
奇台总场
二场一队		 13.5 新引M751、登海618（新玉77）、登海178、辽单588、MC278、MC812、KX3564、新玉55 8 4月16日 10月18日 JD-W210
2016 奇台二场
酒花地		 13.5 新引M751、联创808、陕单636、陕单628、KX3564、16001、16003、YY439、YY274、登海1733、宁玉525、登海119、 YY119、登海113、先玉335、登海117、登海618（新玉77）、中农777、京科968、KWS3376、新引M753、宁玉524、新玉32 23 4月13日 10月10日 JD-W210
奇台二场
一队
 12.0 新引M751、农华213、锦华150、新玉69、新玉65、丰垦139、农华205、YY274、YY369、登海618（新玉77）、真金323、KX3564、YY137、KX9384、新玉27、康地7004、联创808、新引M753 18 4月13日 10月2日 JD-W210
奇台留守办 12.0 锦华150、YY369、YY439、辽单588、郑单958、先玉335、新引M751、KX3564、农华213 9 4月18日 10月13日 JD-W210
2017 71团 12.0 矮单268、登海105、登海1739、登海1769、登海1786、增玉1317、增玉1572、农华213、MC670、泽玉501、泽玉8911、辽单585、辽单575、吉单66、吉单558、陕单650、陕单628、陕单16、利单295、大成168、LA505、豫单132、豫单9953、郑单1102、郑单1002、郑单528、LC825、联创808、辽单586 29 4月25日 10月16日 东风-E518
奇台总场 13.5 辽单585、MC670、登海1739、九玉Y02、LC528、郑单309、登海1786、豫单9953、郑单528、辽单575、陕单628、KX9384、农华213、大成168、登海1769、新玉47、北斗309、联创808、KWS2030、登海105、登海618（新玉77）、郑单1002、矮单268、泽玉8911、新引M751、九玉M03、金珠58、先玉335、登海318、XY1331、泽玉501、增玉1317、辽单586、优旗909、京华8号、和玉187、KX 3564、植青1号、豫单132、利单295、增玉1572 41 4月22日 10月20日 JD-W210

Fig.1

The diagram of two-way average method with grain moisture content and yield"

Table 2

Quality of mechanical grain harvest and grain moisture content in north Xinjiang"

试验地点
Site		 年份与田块
Year and field		 项目
Item		 破碎率(%)
Broken rate		 杂质率(%)
Impurity rate		 总损失量(kg/hm2)
Total amount of loss		 总损失率(%)
Total loss rate		 子粒含水率(%)
Grain moisture content
71团 2013 平均值±S 5.33±2.05 0.26±0.13 167.70±114.51 0.80±0.58 22.01±3.23
极差 2.73~11.80 0.10~0.55 22.41~403.13 0.09~1.84 14.97~26.72
2015 平均值±S 6.08±2.75 1.56±1.29 58.22±67.30 0.34±0.36 27.59±3.02
极差 1.62~11.15 0.02~4.68 3.69~255.30 0.03~1.20 19.93~31.33
2017 平均值±S 3.80±1.54 0.28±0.20 92.65±77.67 0.59±0.49 19.83±1.90
极差 1.82~6.94 0.08~0.79 24.76~268.79 0.13~1.67 16.10~23.17
71团合计 平均值±S 4.75±2.19 0.55±0.81 107.96±96.77 0.60±0.51 22.17±3.97
极差 1.62~11.80 0.02~4.68 3.69~403.13 0.03~1.84 14.97~31.33
奇台总场 2012,留守办 平均值±S 8.17±2.98 0.26±0.17 301.12±224.05 1.93±1.65 19.19±6.61
极值 4.58~14.80 0.05~0.65 56.92~789.67 0.36~5.77 11.30~30.40
2013 平均值±S 3.56±1.63 0.30±0.17 148.85±100.00 0.84±0.57 21.41±2.88
极值 1.42~7.24 0.09~0.78 26.59~410.46 0.15~2.22 15.40~26.00
2014 平均值±S 7.31±3.58 0.50±0.47 519.10±522.74 2.93±3.02 28.70±4.87
极值 2.24~16.93 0~2.55 24.18~1 774.99 0.19~10.07 17.53~38.60
2015,二场四队(10.5万 平均值±S 3.16±1.22 0.29±0.21 - - 23.28±1.92
株/hm2,即7 000株/亩) 极值 1.53~5.70 0.09~0.79 - - 19.83~26.57
2015,二场四队(12.0万 平均值±S 3.30±1.07 0.33±0.21 - - 22.58±4.03
株/hm2,即8 000株/亩) 极值 2.05~5.91 0.11~0.81 - - 18.23~32.83
2015,二场一队(12.0万 平均值±S 5.32±2.78 1.59±0.96 - - 31.02±3.26
株/hm2,即8 000株/亩) 极值 2.19~9.60 0.22~2.98 - - 27.63~36.23
2015,二场一队(13.5万 平均值±S 4.43±1.59 0.64±0.36 - - 27.23±3.33
株/hm2,即9 000株/亩) 极值 3.03~7.44 0.21~1.21 - - 24.57~34.17
2016,二场酒花地 平均值±S 4.69±2.5 0.26±0.24 45.02±71.89 0.31±0.62 25.34±3.39
极值 1.63~11.55 0.02~1.10 1.74~293.69 0.01~2.52 18.13~30.93
2016,二场一队 平均值±S 5.92±4.17 0.78±0.72 45.37±37.71 0.29±0.27 24.19±3.87
极值 1.75~15.07 0.04~2.69 3.15~117.45 0.02~0.91 16.60~29.73
2016,留守办 平均值±S 6.62±3.18 2.08±2.36 25.91±21.4 0.14±0.11 26.59±5.02
极值 3.75~14.15 0.31~7.83 9.08~80.28 0.05~0.43 21.83~37.37
2017 平均值±S 4.93±1.81 0.74±0.58 39.09±47.77 0.20±0.24 26.41±3.38
极值 2.12~10.18 0.06~2.35 0.51~182.72 0~0.91 18.33~34.27
奇台总场合计 平均值±S 5.27±2.96 0.62±0.79 183.88±318.46 1.06±1.86 25.24±4.80
极值 1.42~16.93 0~7.83 0.51~1 774.99 0~10.07 11.30~38.60
伊宁县 2013,科技园 平均值±S 6.22±2.12 1.90±0.75 - - 27.19±1.80
极值 3.67~9.97 0.77~3.76 - - 24.57~29.93
总合计 平均值±S 5.20±2.77 0.67±0.84 161.14±273.63 0.92±1.59 24.65±4.72
极值 1.42~16.93 0~7.83 0.51~1 774.99 0~10.07 11.30~38.60

Table 3

The relationship between grain moisture content and quality of mechanical harvest and yield"

试验地点
Site		 年份
Year		 品种数
Number of cultivar		 破碎率
Broken rate		 杂质率
Impurity rate		 总损失量
Total amount of loss		 总损失率
Total loss rate		 产量
Yield
71团 2013 18 -0.600** 0.406 0.135 -0.014 0.353
2015 13 0.750** 0.512 -0.074 -0.333 0.597*
2017 29 0.039 0.515** -0.139 -0.148 0.141
71团合计 60 0.325* 0.650** -0.118 -0.228 0.283*
奇台总场 2012,留守办 11 0.687* 0.622** -0.692* -0.664* 0.296
2013 24 -0.258 0.475* -0.261 -0.323 -0.082
2014 30 0.444* 0.623** -0.104 -0.081 -0.125
2015,二场四队(10.5万株/hm2) 11 0.508 0.126 - - -0.267
2015,二场四队(12.0万株/hm2) 10 0.937** 0.864** - - -0.276
2015,二场一队(12.0万株/hm2) 8 0.872** 0.928** - - -0.664
2015,二场一队(13.5万株/hm2) 8 0.808* 0.492 - - -0.065
2016,二场酒花地 23 0.742** 0.464* -0.662** -0.641** 0.532*
2016,二场一队 18 0.816** 0.397 -0.514 -0.525* 0.704**
2016,留守办 9 0.674* 0.788* 0.657 0.636 0.110
2017 41 0.759** 0.532** 0.175 0.181 0.073
奇台总场合计 193 0.496** 0.479** 0.012 -0.015 0.120
伊宁县 2013,科技园 14 -0.457 -0.158 - - 0.447
15个点次合计 267 0.461** 0.496** 0.035 0.006 0.159*

Fig.2

Relationships between grain broken rate and grain moisture content"

Fig.3

Relationships between impurity rate and grain moisture content"

Fig.4

The relationships between grain moisture content and quality of mechanical harvest and yield in Xinyu 77 "ns" means no significant correlation"

Table 4

The results of cultivar screening suitable for high density planting and mechanical grain harvest"

类型Type 特点Characteristic 品种（所处象限）
Cultivar (Quadrant)		 子粒含水率(%)
Grain moisture content		 破碎率(%)
Broken rate		 单产(kg/hm2)
Yield
适宜密植和粒收品种
Cultivar suitable for mechanical grain harvest		 高产、脱水快品种
High yield and quick
dehydration		 华美1号（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）
晋单73（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）
金9913（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）
MC670（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）
增玉1317（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）
豫单9953（Ⅱ,Ⅱ）		 20.9 5.2 19 765.1
产量低于平均值、
脱水快品种
Ordinary yield and quick dehydration		 KX9384（Ⅲ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
KWS5383（Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
登海1786（Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
泽玉501（Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
郑单528（Ⅲ,Ⅲ）		 19.4 4.2 16 638.6
高产、含水率高品种
High yield and moisture content		 DL1101（Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ）
登海1739（Ⅰ,Ⅰ）
登海105（Ⅰ,Ⅰ）		 26.5 4.6 19 357.8
较适宜密植和粒收品种
Cultivar less suitable for mechanical grain harvest		 高产、脱水快品种
High yield and
quick dehydration		 先玉335（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
新引M753（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
农华213（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
农华101（Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ）
登海605（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）
KWS2030（Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
迪卡517（Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
锦华150（Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ）
泽玉8911（Ⅱ,Ⅲ）
MC812（Ⅱ,Ⅲ）		 22.7 4.5 18 244.4
高产、含水率高品种
High yield and moisture content		 登海618（新玉77）（Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ）
联创808（Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ）
新引M751 （Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ）		 26.7 5.6 19 829.0
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