Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 38-43.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.01.006

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Study on Yield and Related Traits of Maize Varieties in Different Ecological Regions of Eastern North China

Yang Zhang,Huilin Yu,Yanbo Wang   

  1. Maize Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2018-05-31 Revised:2018-09-26 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Yanbo Wang

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Abstract:

Ten mid-late maturing maize cultivars were used as test materials for planting experiments in five ecological regions in the Eastern North China. Yield, spike traits, agronomic traits, lodging-resistance, and disease-resistance were studied. The results showed that different ecological areas had a great influence on the yield potential of maize (F=13.53), and there were also large differences between varieties (F=22.93). Spike traits were affected by different ecological areas. Correlation coefficient of yield components followed a trend of number of spikes>grain number per spike>100-grain weight, and baldness length>spike grain weight>spike length>row number. Baldness length were the most active spike factor under different ecological conditions, and it had extremely negative correlation with yield. Lodging-resistance changed slightly in different ecological regions. The coefficient of variation of lodging rate (CV) was only 1.24%-2.43%. In terms of maize diseases, Shanxi was a disease-prone region, and there were great differences in the incidence of different diseases in each ecological area. In general, the 10 maize varieties tested in Inner Mongolia and Shanxi were more conducive to the development of productive potential. The weak lodging-resistant varieties were suitable for planting in Inner Mongolia, and those with weak disease-resistance were not suitable for planting in Shanxi. According to the characteristics of temperature, light and rainfall in different ecological regions, rational allocation of sowing date and flowering season is the key to improve the ecological adaptability of maize.

Key words: Ecological region, Maize, Yield, Resistance

Table 1

Climate characteristics of five ecological regions from May to September in 2017"

气候因子Climate factor 生态区
Ecological region		 月份Month
5 6 7 8 9 平均或总和Average or sum
平均气温Average temperature (℃) 辽宁 17.5 22.2 24.6 23.8 17.8 21.18
吉林 16.2 21.4 23.5 22.3 16.2 19.92
内蒙古 17.5 22.3 24.5 23.6 17.4 21.06
河北 20.8 25.9 27.1 25.6 21.0 24.08
山西 18.0 22.1 23.8 23.6 18.4 21.18
降水量Rainfall (mm) 辽宁 43.5 48.6 171.3 152.8 68.7 484.9
吉林 48.2 88.1 173.1 123.7 43.1 476.2
内蒙古 38.7 78.7 89.5 72.9 23.2 303.0
河北 40.5 55.3 129.8 134.4 49.6 409.6
山西 36.9 52.4 83.3 87.3 53.8 313.7
日照Sunshine (h)
 辽宁 242.3 227.3 191.3 213.9 223.8 1 098.6
吉林 254.2 247.5 219.5 231.7 243.3 1 196.2
内蒙古 263.8 246.8 235.3 254.8 249.5 1 250.2
河北 262.2 220.0 191.1 189.0 170.2 1 032.5
山西 259.1 241.4 230.7 221.6 201.7 1 154.5

Table 2

Comparison of maize variety yields in different ecological regions"

品种
Variety		 生态区Ecological region (kg/hm2) 平均产量
(kg/hm2)
Average yield		 变异系数(%)
Coefficient
of variation
辽宁
Liaoning		 吉林
Jilin		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia		 河北
Hebei		 山西
Shanxi
辽8702 Liao 8702 12 454 12 612 14 253 12 292 14 128 13 148 3.94
吉单473 Jidan 473 10 235 12 703 13 067 11 205 13 088 12 060 10.79
东1772 Dong 1772 11 801 12 577 12 567 10 482 12 715 12 028 7.60
丹玉487 Danyu 487 11 530 12 489 13 197 11 774 13 044 12 407 5.66
ms1702 12 577 12 256 14 234 12 317 13 397 129 56 10.92
DL1702 10 671 11 312 12 586 10 011 12 674 11 451 13.14
JD4-1 10 958 11 069 13 528 10 457 11 571 11 517 11.30
农单880 Nongdan 880 11 076 11 902 13 384 10 501 12 555 11 883 11.88
DF2010 11 585 12 637 14 065 12 549 14 874 13 142 10.32
ND679 12 141 12 330 13 080 10 280 13 172 12 200 9.85
平均产量Average yield 12 454 12 612 14 253 12 292 14 128 13 148
F值F value 地点Location 13.53**
品种Variety 22.93**
地点×品种Location×variety 0.51ns
与株高相关系数Correlation coefficient with plant height -0.52ns
与穗位高相关系数Correlation coefficient with spike height -0.39ns
与平均温度相关系数Correlation coefficient with average temperature 0.75*
与降水量相关系数Correlation coefficient with rainfall 0.43ns
与日照相关系数Correlation coefficient with sunshine time 0.89**

Table 3

Changes of yield components and spike traits of different varieties in different ecological regions"

生态区
Ecological region		 产量构成因素 Yield component 穗部性状 Spike trait
穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grain number		 百粒重(g)
100-grain weight		 穗行数
Spike row number		 穗粒重(g)
Spike grain weight		 穗长(cm)
Spike length		 秃尖长(cm)
Baldness length
辽宁Liaoning 4 425.8 482.3 36.4 16.9 213.2 19.4 1.5
吉林Jilin 4 368.2 513.7 36.2 16.6 218.2 20.4 1.6
内蒙古Inner Mongolia 4 449.3 575.8 34.9 17.2 208.2 19.5 0.8
河北Hebei 4 105.6 457.3 39.7 16.5 192.5 19.1 1.2
山西Shanxi 4 383.7 553.4 36.1 17.2 173.3 20.2 1.1
平均Average 4 346.5 516.5 36.7 16.9 201.1 19.72 1.26
与产量相关性
Correlation efficiency with yield		 0.9* 0.8* 0.4ns 0.1ns 0.4ns 0.4ns -0.76*
F值-地点
F value-location		 10.2* 8.6* 5.1* 0.9ns 83.3** 15.2** 639.4**

Table 4

Analysis of lodging rates in different ecological regions"

品种
Variety		 不同生态区Ecological region (%) 平均
Average		 变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
辽宁
Liaoning		 吉林
Jilin		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia		 河北
Hebei		 山西
Shanxi
辽8702 Liao 8702 3.36 1.31 0 0.93 0. 1.12 1.24
吉单473 Jidan 473 8.40 0 2.45 0 25.00 7.17 1.58
东1772 Dong 1772 2.50 0 0 0 0 0.5 2.43
丹玉487 Danyu 487 0.83 0 0.40 0 0 0.25 1.57
ms1702 2.85 0.13 0.43 0 25.00 5.68 1.91
DL1702 0.16 0 0 0 0 0.03 2.40
JD4-1 15.00 1.45 0.38 0 0 3.37 2.07
品种
Variety		 不同生态区Ecological region (%) 平均
Average		 变异系数(%)
Coefficient of variation
辽宁
Liaoning		 吉林
Jilin		 内蒙古
Inner Mongolia		 河北
Hebei		 山西
Shanxi
农单880 Nongdan 880 1.04 0 0.73 0 0 0.35 1.51
DF2010 2.23 1.63 0 0.35 0 0.84 1.29
ND679 0.16 0 1.08 0 0 0.25 2.08
平均Average 3.65b 0.45c 0.55c 0.13d 5.00a
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 3.1 8.9 3.8 1.9 7.8 5.1
F值F value 地点Location 2.06ns
品种Variety 39.39**
地点×品种Location×variety 51.15**

Fig.1

Comparison of plant height and ear height in different ecological regions Different small letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05) among different regions, the same below"

Fig.2

Comparison of main diseases of maize in different ecological regions"

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