Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 102-108.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.016

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Effects of Tillage and Organic Fertilization Modes on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Wheat Yield

Song Xiao1, Huang Chenchen2, Huang Shaomin1(), Zhang Keke1, Yue Ke1, Zhang Shuiqing1, Guo Doudou1, Zhang Yuting1   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-11-27 Revised:2019-12-18 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-10
  • Contact: Shaomin Huang E-mail:hsm503@sohu.com

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Abstract:

In order to explore the best tillage and fertilization mode for wheat in the tidal soil area of Huang-Huai-Hai, two farming methods (deep tillage and rotary tillage) and five fertilization modes (no fertilization, single application of chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers combined with three levels of organic fertilizer) were set up at the platform of the tidal soil test base in Xiayi County, Henan Province. In this experiment, soil physical and chemical properties, nitrogen and phosphorus content and yield of plant and grain effects of different tillage and fertility models were determined. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the topsoil and plow bottom soil, and topsoil nutrients were higher in rotary tillage than that in deep tillage. Rotary tillage and organic fertilizer application promoted the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants and grains. The best effect was achieved by appling 22 500kg/ha organic fertilizer to grain nitrogen and plant nitrogen. The best effect was achieved by applying 7 500kg/ha organic fertilizer to grain phosphorus and plant phosphorus. The application of organic fertilizer by deep tillage significantly increased the yield of wheat, and the optimal application amount of organic fertilizer was 15 280kg/ha combined with chemical fertilizer.

Key words: Wheat, Deep tillage, Rotary tillage, Fertilization, Yield

Table 1

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on soil nitrogen content g/kg"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 0~10cm 10~30cm
2018 2019 平均Mean 2018 2019 平均Mean
旋耕 CK 0.43Bc 0.48Cc 0.45Bc 0.30Bc 0.27Bc 0.29Bc
Rotary tillage NPK 0.74Aa 0.79Bb 0.77Aa 0.43Ab 0.45Ab 0.44Ab
M7.5 0.60Bb 0.67Bb 0.64Bb 0.44Aab 0.43Ab 0.44Ab
M15 0.64Bb 0.73Bb 0.69Bb 0.47Aab 0.48Aab 0.47Aab
M22.5 0.84Aa 0.92Aa 0.88Aa 0.51Aa 0.52Aa 0.52Aa
深耕 CK 0.42Bc 0.42Bc 0.42Bc 0.20Bc 0.17Bc 0.19Bc
Deep tillage NPK 0.56Bb 0.57Bb 0.57Bb 0.28Abc 0.31Abc 0.30Abc
M7.5 0.42Bc 0.44Bc 0.43Bc 0.31Ab 0.33Ab 0.32Abc
M15 0.47Bc 0.45Bc 0.46Bc 0.32Ab 0.34Abc 0.33Ab
M22.5 0.79Aa 0.83Aa 0.81Aa 0.38Aa 0.36Aa 0.37Aa

Table 2

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on soil available phosphorus content mg/kg"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 0~10cm 10~30cm
2018 2019 平均Mean 2018 2019 平均Mean
旋耕 CK 3.33Cc 3.40Cc 3.36Bc 1.03Bc 0.94Bc 0.99Bc
Rotary tillage NPK 4.06Bbc 4.29Bb 4.18Bb 2.33Aa 2.34Bb 2.33Bb
M7.5 3.91Bc 3.83Cc 3.87Bbc 1.10Bc 1.13Bbc 1.12Bc
M15 4.02Bbc 4.07Bb 4.04Bbc 1.60Bb 1.63Bb 1.62Bb
M22.5 4.78Aa 4.92Aa 4.85Aa 2.71Aa 2.68Aa 2.70Aa
深耕 CK 2.10Cc 2.28Bc 2.19Bc 0.77Bc 0.78Cc 0.78Cc
Deep tillage NPK 3.49Ab 3.62Ab 3.56Bb 1.60Bb 1.57Bb 1.59Bb
M7.5 2.59Cc 2.53Bc 2.56Bc 0.85Bc 0.86Cc 0.85Cc
M15 4.01Aa 3.91Aab 3.96Bb 0.96Bbc 0.97Cc 0.96Cc
M22.5 4.31aA 4.58Aa 4.44Aa 2.38Aa 2.41Aa 2.39Aa

Table 3

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on soil available potassium content mg/kg"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 0~10cm 10~30cm
2018 2019 平均Mean 2018 2019 平均Mean
旋耕 CK 63.32Bc 64.64Bc 63.98Bc 29.86Bc 30.17Bc 30.02Cd
Rotary tillage NPK 80.46Bb 82.33Bb 81.39Bb 57.32Aa 56.95Ab 57.14Aa
M7.5 87.23Bb 86.78Bb 87.01Bb 41.98Ab 43.16Bb 42.58Bc
M15 93.15Bb 94.99Bb 94.07Bb 54.03Aab 55.77Ab 54.90Ab
M22.5 126.78Aa 127.62Aa 127.20Aa 61.89Aa 62.23Aa 62.06Aa
深耕 CK 60.35Bc 61.65Cc 61.00Bc 28.79Cd 29.63Bc 29.21Cd
Deep tillage NPK 78.44Bc 80.36Bb 79.40Bb 54.03Ab 55.17Aab 54.60Aa
M7.5 85.63Bb 83.49Bb 84.56Bb 41.23Bc 40.33Ab 40.78Bc
M15 93.02Bb 91.00Bb 92.11Bb 50.03Ab 51.69Aab 50.86Abc
M22.5 124.89Aa 125.71Aa 125.30Aa 60.13Aa 59.63Aa 59.88Aa

Table 4

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on soil organic matter content g/kg"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 0~10cm 10~30cm
2018 2019 平均 Mean 2018 2019 平均 Mean
旋耕 CK 13.12Bd 10.89Cd 12.01Bc 4.82Bc 4.91Bc 4.87Bc
Rotary tillage NPK 14.89Bc 15.53Bc 15.21Bb 4.88Bc 5.09Bc 4.99Bc
M7.5 15.12Bc 14.46Bc 14.79Bb 8.90Ab 8.87Ab 8.89Ab
M15 16.12Ab 16.47Bb 16.29Bb 9.39Ab 9.60Ab 9.50Ab
M22.5 18.01Aa 19.79Aa 18.90Aa 11.36Aa 10.78Aa 11.07Aa
深耕 CK 10.13Bd 10.60Cd 10.38Bc 3.01Bc 2.98Bc 2.99Bc
Deep tillage NPK 14.23Ab 15.51Ab 14.87Bb 4.14Bc 3.86Bc 3.99Bc
M7.5 11.08Ac 12.84Bc 11.96Bb 7.03Ab 7.28Ab 7.16Ab
M15 15.01Ab 15.64Aa 15.33Bb 7.50Ab 7.55Ab 7.52Ab
M22.5 16.01Aa 15.84Aa 15.93Aa 9.86Aa 9.99Aa 9.93Aa

Table 5

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on nitrogen contents in wheat grains and plants %"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒氮Grain nitrogen 植株氮Plant nitrogen
2018 2019 平均Mean 2018 2019 平均Mean
旋耕 CK 1.83b 1.91b 1.87b 0.61c 0.57c 0.59b
Rotary tillage NPK 2.01ab 2.11ab 2.06a 0.67bc 0.69b 0.68b
M7.5 2.15a 2.11ab 2.13a 0.66b 0.68b 0.67b
M15 2.17a 2.16a 2.16a 0.77a 0.75ab 0.76ab
M22.5 2.19a 2.17a 2.18a 0.80a 0.82a 0.81a
深耕 CK 1.78b 1.96b 1.87b 0.60b 0.58c 0.59b
Deep tillage NPK 1.99b 2.09b 2.04ab 0.63ab 0.65ab 0.64a
M7.5 2.11ab 2.17a 2.14a 0.60b 0.62b 0.61a
M15 2.12ab 2.18a 2.15a 0.65a 0.61b 0.63a
M22.5 2.17a 2.21a 2.19a 0.69a 0.69a 0.69a

Table 6

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on phosphorus contents in wheat grains and plants %"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒磷Grain phosphorus 植株磷Plant phosphorus
2018 2019 平均Mean 2018 2019 平均Mean
旋耕 CK 0.63c 0.61c 0.62b 0.21c 0.19c 0.20c
Rotary tillage NPK 0.71b 0.75ab 0.73ab 0.26a 0.28ab 0.27ab
M7.5 0.76a 0.78a 0.77a 0.27a 0.31a 0.29a
M15 0.74ab 0.70b 0.72ab 0.24b 0.23b 0.24ab
M22.5 0.70b 0.68b 0.69b 0.23b 0.21b 0.22b
深耕 CK 0.63b 0.61b 0.62b 0.19c 0.21b 0.20b
Deep tillage NPK 0.70ab 0.72a 0.71a 0.21b 0.22b 0.21b
M7.5 0.65b 0.64b 0.64b 0.24b 0.23ab 0.23ab
M15 0.72a 0.73a 0.73a 0.26a 0.25a 0.25a
M22.5 0.66b 0.61b 0.64b 0.21b 0.21b 0.21b

Table 7

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on potassium contents in wheat grains and plants %"

耕作方式
Tillage method		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒钾Grain potassium 植株钾Plant potassium
2018 2019 平均Mean 2018 2019 平均Mean
旋耕 CK 0.27c 0.28c 0.28b 1.50c 1.48c 1.49c
Rotary tillage NPK 0.36b 0.34b 0.35a 1.58b 1.70b 1.64bc
M7.5 0.38a 0.39a 0.39a 1.59b 1.59c 1.59c
M15 0.38a 0.36b 0.37a 1.94a 1.98a 1.96a
M22.5 0.37a 0.38a 0.37a 1.96a 2.02a 1.99a
深耕 CK 0.27c 0.28c 0.28b 1.48c 1.52c 1.50b
Deep tillage NPK 0.36a 0.33b 0.35a 1.53c 1.55c 1.54b
M7.5 0.34b 0.31b 0.33a 1.76b 1.74b 1.75ab
M15 0.38a 0.41a 0.39a 1.98a 1.96a 1.97a
M22.5 0.38a 0.39ab 0.38a 1.89b 1.83b 1.86a

Table 8

Effects of different tillage and fertilization modes on nitrogen content in wheat grains and plants"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 旋耕Rotary tillage 深耕Deep tillage
产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Spike grain
number		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Spike grain
number		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
2018 CK 4 292.12Cc 425.82Cd 22.53Cc 43.22Bc 5 460.32Dd 420.81Bc 30.87Bc 36.67Ab
NPK 6 968.23Bb 590.61Bc 27.42Aa 46.08Ab 6 885.01Cc 498.52Bb 35.08Ab 40.82Aa
M7.5 6 996.36Bb 609.53Ab 24.67Ab 43.21Abc 7 575.35Bb 502.53Bb 37.77Aa 36.67Ab
M15 7 639.81Aa 644.34Ab 29.64Aa 47.84Aa 8 055.56Aa 558.39Aa 38.51Aa 40.13Aa
M22.5 7 124.53Bb 691.08Aa 26.83Aab 48.23Aa 7 890.29Bb 575.86Aa 35.53Ab 35.74Bc
2019 CK 5 327.16Cd 348.34Cc 27.21Cc 32.63Bc 5 329.31Cd 393.38Cc 32.33Bd 39.84Bc
NPK 7 099.35Bc 483.33Cc 36.33Ab 44.82Ab 6 876.16Cc 521.07Bb 34.84Bc 41.34Ab
M7.5 7 510.32Bb 501.56Bb 36.44Ab 42.56Abc 7 965.46Bb 503.15Bb 39.12Aa 41.33AB
M15 7 896.65Aa 606.61Aa 37.08Aa 46.73Aa 8 115.38Aa 543.43Aa 39.81Aa 44.56Aa
M22.5 7 982.38Aa 553.34Bb 36.09Aa 43.56Ab 7 740.24Bb 563.16Aa 38.45Ab 42.91Aa

Fig.1

Effects of organic fertilizer rate on wheat yield"

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