Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 114-119.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.017

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Study on Relieving Cold Stress of Direct-Seeded Late Rice at Heading Stage by Chemical Control

Wu Zhifeng1,2(), Liu Kaili2, Le Lihong2, Chen Zhongping2, Tang Shuangqin3, Li Zujun1, Han Ruicai4, Zeng Yanhua1, Zeng Yongjun1, Pan Xiaohua1, Shi Qinghua1, Wu Ziming1()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Education/School of Agriculture Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
    2Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi, China
    3Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou 412012, Hunan, China
    4Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2020-06-30 Revised:2020-08-28 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Wu Ziming E-mail:wu1011813287@163.com;wuzmjxau@163.com

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Abstract:

Cold-dew wind stress has an influence on yield and quality by direct-seeding late rice during the heading stage. Lingliangyou 722 and Zhongzao 35 was used as materials, and four treatments of T1 (brassinolide + gibberellin), T2 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate + gibberellin + brassinolide), and T3 (gibberllin + potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and CK (water) as a control, the effects of chemical control on the cold-dew wind in direct-seeded late rice in the natural low temperature were researched. The results showed that the spraying of different chemical regulators could effectively shorten the heading time of rice. Compared with CK, the average growth period of Lingliangyou 722 and Zhongzao 35 was 2.5d shorter, all varieties were reduced 1d under T1 treatment ; T2 was reduced 3d and 5d; T3 was reduced 2d and 4d. The falling range of SPAD value and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was smaller by using chemical control. Compared with the first time, the SPAD value of the maximal reduction average decreased by 6.55%; the average decrease of T1, T2, and T3 were 3.50%, 4.22%, and 3.77%, respectively; The average of Pn decreased by 10.59%, T1 decreased by 5.96%, T2 decreased by 1.22%, T3 decreased by 3.36%. Not only seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were stabilized by using chemical control, but also yield, milling quality, and appearance quality were better than CK. Compared with seed setting rate of CK, T1 of Lingliangyou 722 and Zhongzao 35 increased by 8.17% and 2.31%, T2 increased by 6.20%, 5.36%, T3 increased by 7.88% and 6.31%; Only T2 increased by 1000-grain weight, Lingliangyou 722 and Zhongzao 35 increased 1.67% and 2.92%; Compared with yield of CK, T1 average increased by 9.01%, T2 increased by 20.69%, T3 increased by 19.01%; Compared with CK, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate were increased by chemical control, chalkiness and chalkiness rate were decreased by chemical control. Overall, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, gibberellin, and 0.01% brassinolide mixture of T2 was the best for relieving the low-temperature stress of rice.

Key words: Direct-seeded late rice, Heading stage, Cold-dew wind, Chemical control, Yield, Quality

Fig.1

Daily temperature indices during cold-dew wind process and its front and back days in heading and flowering stage of late rice in 2017"

Table 1

Comparison of whole growth period among different treatments in direct-seeded late rice d"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 播种期-始穗期
Initial heading stage		 播种期-抽穗期
Heading stage		 播种期-齐穗期
Full heading stage		 生育期
Growth period
陵两优722 Lingliangyou 722 CK 76 79 83 109
T1 76 79 83 108
T2 76 78 81 106
T3 76 78 82 107
中早35 Zhongzao 35 CK 70 73 77 104
T1 70 73 77 103
T2 70 72 75 99
T3 70 72 75 100

Table 2

Comparison of yield and its components among different treatments in direct-seeded late rice"

品种Cultivar 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Panicle number
(×104/hm2)		 每穗粒数
Graint number
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 结实率
Filled grain percentage (%)		 产量
Grain yield
(t/hm2)
陵两优722 Lingliangyou 722 CK 311.66±37.56a 116.64±0.27a 27.01±0.01b 80.80±0.19c 6.50±0.18b
T1 338.93±23.53a 116.48±1.08a 26.66±0.05c 82.67±1.18b 7.05±0.05ab
T2 323.47±7.37a 118.70±1.17a 27.46±0.05a 85.13±0.61a 7.57±0.50a
T3 337.80±19.97a 118.97±1.45a 26.70±0.02c 85.90±0.45a 7.52±0.19a
中早35 Zhongzao 35 CK 269.99±16.67a 120.50±0.30a 28.77±0.02b 80.57±0.04c 6.02±0.13c
T1 264.47±6.96a 120.70±0.70a 28.50±0.01c 87.15±0.63a 6.60±0.18b
T2 276.50±27.56a 120.63±0.03a 29.61±0.12a 85.57±0.31b 7.52±0.28a
T3 278.13±8.63a 120.70±0.23a 28.13±0.07d 86.92±0.68a 7.37±0.29a

Fig.2

Comparison of SPAD among different treatments in direct-seeded late rice"

Fig.3

Comparison of Pn among different treatments in direct-seeded late rice"

Table 3

Comparsion of grain quality among different treatments in direct-seeded late rice"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 加工品质
Milling quality (%)		 外观品质
Appearance quality (%)		 蒸煮食味品质
Coking and eating quality
出糙率
Brown rice
rate		 精米率
Milled rice
rate		 整精米率
Head rice
rate		 垩白度
Chalkiness		 垩白粒率
Chalkiness
rate		 直链淀粉
Amylose content (%)		 胶稠度
Gel consistency
(mm)
陵两优722 CK 76.78±0.65b 67.43±0.23b 37.80±0.16d 12.17±1.00a 63.63±3.12a 31.70±1.85a 35.67±2.31a
Lingliangyou 722 T1 77.09±0.46ab 67.74±0.20b 38.43±0.22c 10.11±0.08b 50.90±1.30b 30.81±0.53a 39.67±2.52a
T2 79.09±1.91a 68.51±0.01a 46.09±0.02a 8.56±0.19c 41.67±2.08c 33.01±0.92a 37.00±3.61a
T3 78.40±1.66ab 68.33±0.27a 45.33±0.13b 9.11±0.09bc 45.52±4.69bc 31.22±1.08a 33.33±4.16a
中早35 CK 73.42±0.47b 64.16±1.00b 39.44±0.80b 22.00±0.72a 78.17±1.59a 21.44±0.31a 30.33±0.58a
Zhongzao 35 T1 74.83±0.55ab 64.91±0.53ab 41.21±0.29ab 20.70±0.26b 71.63±2.31b 20.57±0.60a 31.33±4.16a
T2 75.94±0.77a 65.57±0.30a 43.92±2.87a 18.42±0.20c 62.67±3.63c 21.58±0.66a 31.33±1.53a
T3 75.89±0.97a 65.45±0.19a 41.80±0.46ab 20.27±0.23b 66.40±2.03bc 21.31±0.50a 29.67±4.51a
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