Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 145-151.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.023

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Effects of Rice-Fish Co-Culture on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield in Rice

Wang Qi1(), Li Meijuan2, Zhang Jia’en3,4,5,6(), Tang Jiaxin1, Zeng Wenjing1, Zhou Lei1, Yang Qingxin1, Jiang Mingmin1, Wu Jiayuan1, Luo Mingzhu1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    2Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
    3College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong,China
    4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    5Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
    6Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-01-21 Revised:2021-05-12 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-16
  • Contact: Zhang Jia’en,Luo Mingzhu E-mail:312548392@qq.com;jeanzh@scau.edu.cn;lmzhd2701@scau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of rice-fish co-culture on chlorophyll content (SPAD value), fluorescence parameters and yield in rice, the field plot experiment of three treatments was designed with three field fish stocking densities, 9 000 tails/ha (M1), 15 000 tails/ha (M2), and 21 000 tails/ha (M3), taking the rice monoculture as control (CK), the SPAD values and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice leaves were determined respectively, and rice yield and its components were measured. The results showed that compared with CK, the PSⅡ maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and PSII potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo) of rice leaves of the co-culture treatment significantly increased at tillering stage and maturity stage; At maturity stage, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN and NPQ) of rice leaves were significantly reduced in M1 and M2 treatments; At heading stage, SPAD value of rice leaves of three rice-fish co-culture treatments were significantly increased compared with CK. The seed-setting rates of M1, M2 and M3 treatments were also significantly increased, the actual yield of rice under treatments of rice-fish co-culture showed no significant difference, and the yield of field fish showed a trend of M2 > M3 > M1, but there was no significant difference among them. Correlation analysis results showed that SPAD value, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm and productive panicle, seed-setting rate and yield were positively correlated, while the qN and NPQ negatively correlated with grain number per panicle. To sum up, the rice-fish co-culture could improve the efficiency of conversion of light energy and the photosynthetic characteristics of rice, reduce the heat dissipation energy, this would help to sustain or even improve rice yield, and 15 000 tails/ha was the more suitable stocking density of field fish.

Key words: Rice-fish co-culture, SPAD, Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, Yield

Fig.1

Rice leaves SPAD value under different rice-fish co-culture treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05). The same below"

Table 1

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sword-leaves at tillering stage of rice under different rice-fish co-culture treatments"

处理Treatment YⅡ qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm
CK 0.302±0.001a 0.56±0.004a 1.00±0.02a 5.20±0.07b 0.839±0.002b
M1 0.318±0.004a 0.54±0.014a 0.92±0.05a 5.64±0.14a 0.849±0.003a
M2 0.320±0.004a 0.55±0.040a 0.98±0.13a 5.58±0.08a 0.848±0.002a
M3 0.296±0.020a 0.57±0.019a 1.04±0.06a 5.59±0.04a 0.848±0.001a

Table 2

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sword-leaves at heading stage of rice under different rice-fish co-culture treatments"

处理Treatment YⅡ qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm
CK 0.320±0.013a 0.58±0.030a 1.08±0.12a 5.19±0.02b 0.838±0.001b
M1 0.332±0.009a 0.56±0.012a 0.96±0.04a 5.34±0.06ab 0.842±0.002ab
M2 0.323±0.002a 0.58±0.004a 1.05±0.02a 5.49±0.12a 0.846±0.003a
M3 0.337±0.004a 0.59±0.007a 1.08±0.03a 5.44±0.07ab 0.845±0.002a

Table 3

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sword-leaves at maturity stage of rice under different rice-fish co-culture treatments"

处理Treatment YⅡ qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm
CK 0.214±0.041a 0.54±0.009a 0.84±0.03a 3.19±0.08b 0.761±0.005b
M1 0.208±0.038a 0.49±0.007c 0.70±0.02c 3.63±0.21a 0.783±0.010a
M2 0.208±0.050a 0.50±0.004bc 0.73±0.01bc 3.71±0.06a 0.788±0.002a
M3 0.229±0.028a 0.52±0.012ab 0.81±0.04ab 3.84±0.09a 0.793±0.004a

Table 4

Rice yield and its components, field fish yield and its survival rate under different rice-fish co-culture treatments"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Productive panicle
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 水稻产量
Rice yield
(t/hm2)		 存活率
Survival
rate (%)		 田鱼产量
Fish yield
(kg/hm2)
CK 447.22±10.02a 105.26±1.09c 18.57±0.10a 68.92±0.76b 5.02±0.13a / /
M1 435.00±24.11a 123.97±4.87a 19.76±0.51a 73.29±0.66a 5.03±0.31a 62.96±9.71a 177.78±23.37a
M2 472.50±11.46a 116.71±1.59ab 19.49±0.45a 74.19±1.86a 5.47±0.39a 56.67±5.05a 189.11±27.31a
M3 500.00±28.83a 113.52±2.95bc 19.76±0.25a 73.15±0.72a 5.60±0.37a 45.71±10.72a 182.50±4.82a

Table 5

Correlation analysis of SPAD value,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and rice yield and its components at maturity"

指标
Index		 SPAD qN NPQ Fv/Fo Fv/Fm 有效穗数
Productive
panicle		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate
qN -0.569
NPQ -0.501 0.983**
Fv/Fo 0.492 -0.371 -0.209
Fv/Fm 0.513 -0.394 -0.233 0.998**
有效穗数Productive panicle 0.708* -0.123 0.015 0.702* 0.711*
穗粒数Grain number per panicle 0.274 -0.686* -0.649* 0.208 0.242 0.131
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.350 -0.421 -0.313 0.470 0.476 0.357 0.543
结实率Seed-setting rate 0.658* -0.473 -0.360 0.630* 0.643* 0.662* 0.433 0.382
产量Yield 0.628* -0.131 -0.002 0.605* 0.615* 0.843** 0.178 0.491 0.831**
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