Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 16-23.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.003

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Evaluation and Selection of Soybean Varieties for Disaster Relief in Northern Heilongjiang

Han Dezhi(), Liu Xianyuan, Wang Shu, Cai Xinxin, Wei Ran, Jia Hongchang, Yan Xiaofei, Wu Junyan()   

  1. Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe 164300, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2022-03-27 Revised:2023-03-29 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

Abstract:

A total of 44 soybean varieties in northern Heilongjiang were used as materials and four treatments (SD1-SD4) were set to study the effects of sowing date on growth process, yield and quality related traits in northern Heilongjiang. The results showed that with the delaying of sowing date, vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage were significantly shortened, reproductive growth was advanced, the growth process was accelerated, and the growth period was gradually shortened. With the delaying of sowing date, plant height, bottom pod height, effective branch number, main stem node number, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, 100-grain weight and plot yield increased slightly first and then decreased significantly. The effect of sowing date on quality was different. The protein content first increased significantly and then decreased significantly, and the fat content showed a significant trend of decline. With the extension of sowing interval, the quality correlations of different sowing dates decreased. The qualities of the tested varieties in SD1 and SD4 treatments were significantly not correlated. The stable high-protein varieties Longken 310 and Huajiang 5, and high-oil varieties Jiuyan 9 and Heike 58 were screened. The stable yield varieties Longken 310, Longda 167, Shengdou 37 and Jiadou 36 in SD3 treatment, and Hedou 6 and Fudou 15 in SD4 treatment were selected.

Key words: Soybean, Varieties for disaster relief, Sowing date, Screening

Table 1

Plot numbers, growth periods, effective accumulated temperatures and adaptive regions of varieties tested"

区号
Plot
number
品种
Variety
生育期
Growth
period (d)
有效积温
Effective accumulated
temperature (℃)
适应区域
Adaptive
region
区号
Plot
number
品种
Variety
生育期
Growth
period (d)
有效积温
Effective accumulated
temperature (℃)
适应区域
Adaptive
region
JZ001 北豆36 95 1850 第六积温带 JZ023 佳豆44 95 1850 第六积温带
JZ002 北豆51 95 1900 第六积温带 JZ024 金源71 99 1940 第六积温带
JZ003 北兴4 95 1800 第六积温带 JZ025 金源802 95 1900 第六积温带
JZ004 登科15 114 2250 第四积温带 JZ026 九研8 101 1950 第六积温带
JZ005 登科5 106 2100 第五积温带 JZ027 九研9 95 1800 第六积温带
JZ006 甘豆2 112 2050 第五积温带 JZ028 龙达130 100 1850 第六积温带
JZ007 甘豆5 103 1900 第六积温带 JZ029 龙达167 105 2050 第六积温带
JZ008 广民5 99 1940 第六积温带 JZ030 龙垦3318 105 2050 第六积温带
JZ009 昊疆14 100 2000 第五积温带 JZ031 蒙科豆9 104 1950 第六积温带
JZ010 昊宇1 101 1900 第六积温带 JZ032 嫩奥2 100 1900 第六积温带
JZ011 浩丰7 105 2050 第六积温带 JZ033 嫩奥7 95 1900 第六积温带
JZ012 贺豆25 108 1900 第六积温带 JZ034 圣豆37 105 2050 第六积温带
JZ013 贺豆6 100 2000 第六积温带 JZ035 黑河43 115 2200 第四积温带
JZ014 贺豆7 95 1900 第六积温带 JZ036 北国919 114 2100 第五积温带
JZ015 黑河35 90 1780 第六积温带 JZ037 富豆15 114 2200 第四积温带
JZ016 黑河49 85 1750 第六积温带 JZ038 龙达1 105 2100 第五积温带
JZ017 黑科58 95 1900 第六积温带 JZ039 龙垦310 118 2200 第四积温带
JZ018 黑科59 100 2000 第五积温带 JZ040 蒙豆34 103 2000 第五积温带
JZ019 华疆2 100 1950 第六积温带 JZ041 蒙豆44 109 2150 第四积温带
JZ020 华疆34 100 1850 第六积温带 JZ042 圣豆15 115 2150 第四积温带
JZ021 华疆5 100 1900 第六积温带 JZ043 圣豆43 105 2100 第五积温带
JZ022 佳豆36 105 2050 第六积温带 JZ044 黑河45 108 2050 第五积温带

Fig.1

Basic meteorological datas of soybean growth period in 2021"

Table 2

Effects of different sowing dates on growth stages of early-maturing soybean varieties d"

处理
Treatment
营养生长期Vegetative period 生殖生长期Reproductive period 全生育期Whole growth period
范围
Range
最小
Minimum
最大
Maximum
平均
Average
范围
Range
最小
Minimum
最大
Maximum
平均
Average
范围
Range
最小
Minimum
最大
Maximum
平均
Average
SD1 28~36 北豆51 龙垦310 31.64±2.08a 54~72 黑河49 甘豆2 70.36±7.14a 85~117 黑河49 龙垦310 102.00±8.27a
SD2 27~37 北豆51 龙垦310 30.20±2.61ab 57~71 黑河49 北国919 69.21±5.29ab 85~110 黑河49 登科15 99.02±6.56ab
SD3 23~36 昊疆14 龙垦310 30.34±2.91ab 58~67 黑科58 昊疆14 66.06±4.21b 88~101 北兴4 昊疆14 95.53±3.76b
SD4 25~35 北豆36 蒙科豆9 29.48±3.20b 53~58 九研8 佳豆36 58.31±3.38c 81~90 黑河35 贺豆7 85.85±3.51c

Table 3

Effects of different sowing dates on agronomic characteristics and yields of early-maturing soybean varieties"

性状
Trait
处理
Treatment
均值
Average
变异系数
Coefficient of variation
最小值(品种)
Minimum (variety)
最大值(品种)
Maximum (variety)
株高Plant height (cm) SD1 72.90±18.38b 0.25 39.71(浩丰7) 123.50(龙垦310)
SD2 88.05±13.34a 0.15 47.75(佳豆44) 112.88(北国919)
SD3 78.28±13.69b 0.17 43.88(甘豆2) 114.75(北国919)
SD4 54.63±8.76c 0.16 37.00(北豆36) 71.75(浩丰7)
底荚高Bottom pod height (cm) SD1 19.59±5.35bc 0.27 9.88(黑河49) 32.00(黑河43)
SD2 23.67±5.05a 0.21 14.13(黑河49) 37.38(蒙豆34)
SD3 21.28±4.45ab 0.21 9.38(佳豆44) 31.13(黑河43)
SD4 17.84±3.74c 0.21 10.75(佳豆44) 30.50(黑河49)
主茎节数Main stem node number SD1 13.18±1.67bc 0.13 10.13(九研8) 16.38(龙垦310)
SD2 13.83±1.22a 0.09 11.25(黑科58) 16.00(广民5)
SD3 12.61±1.23ab 0.10 9.88(蒙豆44) 14.63(登科15)
SD4 10.04±0.99c 0.10 7.75(北豆36) 12.50(佳豆36)
有效分枝数Effective branch number SD1 0.44±0.45a 1.03 0.00(昊宇1) 1.63(甘豆2)
SD2 0.52±1.19a 2.28 0.00(北兴4) 7.86(登科15)
SD3 0.25±0.38ab 1.55 0.00(北兴4) 1.50(黑河49)
SD4 0.01±0.04b 3.83 0.00(北豆36) 0.20(富豆15)
单株荚数Pod number per plant SD1 21.30±4.96a 0.23 10.29(浩丰7) 30.75(蒙豆34)
SD2 22.13±4.87a 0.22 10.88(黑科58) 33.63(贺豆7)
SD3 20.81±7.46a 0.36 10.25(甘豆2) 45.25(富豆15)
SD4 12.77±3.58b 0.28 6.00(北豆36) 21.38(佳豆36)
单株粒数Seeds number per plant SD1 47.33±12.86a 0.27 16.63(金源71) 71.25(龙达167)
SD2 50.82±11.60a 0.23 23.63(黑科58) 73.25(登科15)
SD3 46.61±13.52a 0.29 19.75(甘豆2) 78.71(佳豆44)
SD4 27.66±8.99b 0.32 11.88(北豆36) 49.88(佳豆36)
百粒重100-seed weight (g) SD1 20.32±3.22a 0.16 13.33(佳豆44) 29.39(龙垦310)
SD2 21.42±2.70a 0.13 16.50(北兴4) 28.46(华疆34)
SD3 20.16±2.07a 0.10 15.78(北兴4) 25.66(华疆34)
SD4 16.58±1.94b 0.12 13.05(登科15) 21.20(华疆34)
小区产量Plot yield (g) SD1 4166.42±1529.16a 0.37 914.90(黑河35) 7284.40(龙达167)
SD2 4653.56±914.25a 0.20 2399.60(黑科58) 6797.20(龙垦310)
SD3 4119.31±1074.56a 0.26 1523.60(黑河45) 6846.80(佳豆44)
SD4 2194.85±545.16b 0.25 1281.20(蒙科豆9) 3336.00(贺豆25)

Table 4

Effects of different sowing date on qualities of early-maturing soybean varieties %"

性状
Trait
处理
Treatment
均值
Average
95%置信区间
95% confidence interval
变异系数
Coefficient
of variation
最小值(品种)
Minimum (variety)
最大值(品种)
Maximum (variety)
下限Lower limit 上限Upper limit
蛋白质含量
Protein content
SD1 39.14±3.15b 38.18 40.10 0.08 31.92(黑科58) 45.40(龙垦310)
SD2 40.29±2.63ab 39.49 41.09 0.07 31.96(黑科58) 45.24(华疆5)
SD3 40.64±1.51a 40.18 41.10 0.04 37.05(佳豆44) 43.79(龙垦310)
SD4 40.42±1.72ab 39.90 40.94 0.04 36.34(甘豆2) 43.72(龙垦3318)
脂肪含量
Fat content
SD1 20.78±1.38a 20.36 21.20 0.07 16.96(龙垦310) 24.29(九研9)
SD2 20.04±1.28b 19.65 20.43 0.06 16.75(龙垦310) 24.11(九研9)
SD3 19.54±0.84bc 19.29 19.80 0.04 17.41(龙垦310) 22.20(九研9)
SD4 19.20±0.86c 18.94 19.46 0.04 16.42(龙垦310) 21.16(甘豆2)

Fig.2

Stability analysis of sowing dates on early-maturing soybean quality"

Table 5

Ranking of top 15 varieties of plot yield on different sowing dates"

处理Treatment 救灾品种Relief variety 生育期Growth period (d) 小区产量Plot yield (g) 产量Yield (kg/hm2) 排名Ranking
SD1 龙达167 106 7284.4 3502.5 1
圣豆37 106 6705.2 3223.5 2
嫩奥7 101 6702.8 3222.0 3
圣豆43 106 6602.0 3174.0 4
龙垦310 117 6243.2 3001.5 5
贺豆6 106 6035.6 2902.5 6
蒙豆44 111 5674.4 2728.5 7
蒙豆34 106 5537.2 2662.5 8
龙垦3318 106 5525.2 2656.5 9
佳豆36 104 5494.4 2641.5 10
广民5 104 5395.2 2593.5 11
黑河45 108 5370.4 2581.5 12
黑科59 106 5363.6 2578.5 13
富豆15 108 5314.0 2554.5 14
北豆36 96 5030.0 2418.0 15
SD2 龙垦310 未成熟 6797.2 3268.5 1
贺豆6 101 6067.2 2917.5 2
北豆36 99 5879.6 2827.5 3
登科15 110 5848.0 2811.0 4
甘豆5 104 5787.6 2782.5 5
广民5 97 5553.6 2670.0 6
黑河43 110 5509.6 2649.0 7
圣豆43 104 5506.8 2647.5 8
黑河45 106 5451.6 2620.5 9
龙达167 85 5334.4 2565.0 10
富豆15 未成熟 5222.0 2511.0 11
登科5 106 5221.6 2511.0 12
浩丰7 97 5185.2 2493.0 13
昊宇1 99 5170.0 2485.5 14
九研9 85 5107.6 2455.5 15
SD3 佳豆44 97 6846.8 3292.5 1
圣豆37 97 6024.0 2896.5 2
华疆5 101 5853.6 2814.0 3
登科5 未成熟 5610.0 2697.0 4
富豆15 未成熟 5457.6 2623.5 5
贺豆6 98 5455.6 2623.5 6
佳豆36 95 5268.4 2533.5 7
龙垦310 未成熟 5242.8 2520.0 8
北国919 未成熟 5141.2 2472.0 9
九研8 90 4626.8 2224.5 10
昊疆14 101 4579.6 2202.0 11
龙达130 90 4560.4 2193.0 12
黑河35 90 4486.4 2157.0 13
华疆2 97 4484.8 2155.5 14
登科15 未成熟 4430.0 2130.0 15
SD4 贺豆25 未成熟 3336.0 1603.5 1
圣豆37 未成熟 3264.0 1569.0 2
浩丰7 未成熟 3099.2 1489.5 3
佳豆36 90 3046.4 1464.0 4
黑河43 未成熟 2986.4 1435.5 5
北兴4 86 2942.8 1414.5 6
富豆15 未成熟 2873.2 1381.5 7
龙达167 未成熟 2718.8 1306.5 8
龙达1 未成熟 2683.6 1290.0 9
佳豆44 未成熟 2579.2 1240.5 10
嫩奥7 90 2549.6 1225.5 11
昊宇1 未成熟 2508.0 1206.0 12
九研9 86 2472.4 1188.0 13
北国919 未成熟 2465.6 1185.0 14
贺豆6 未成熟 2356.4 1132.5 15
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