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A Review of Quantitative Methods for Wheat Stress Assessment Based on the Waterlogging Process

Deng Chaozhong1(), Hu Peimin2(), Xiong Qinxue1, Xu Fuli1, Xiang Qian1, Li Liman1   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jinzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2 Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau, Jinzhou 434020, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2024-11-13 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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Abstract:

Agricultural production is frequently subjected to various stresses, such as high temperatures, low temperatures, waterlogging, and drought, often occurring simultaneously and resulting in significant economic losses. Numerous scholars have developed assessment techniques for these stresses, focusing either on their causes or their resulting effects. However, these assessment methods often lack generality and accuracy, being limited to specific stress types or particular regions. This paper addresses this by taking wheat waterlogging as an example, analyzing the dynamic changes in external stress, physiological responses, and phenotypic indicators associated with the stress process. It discusses the advantages, limitations, and applicable scopes of current typical assessment techniques for wheat waterlogging, and proposes the “unit stress” indicator to characterize the status of stress experienced by crops. By anchoring the maximum photosynthetic efficiency value at 0.83 under non-stress conditions, the approach converts changes in crop photosynthetic efficiency into a functional relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) values, thereby achieving a quantification of the degree of stress. This methodology allows for the real-time characterization of crop stress status through changes in photosynthetic efficiency, without distinguishing crop varieties and stress types.

Key words: External stress, Physiological response, Phenotypic characteristics, Waterlogging assessment, Unit stress, Remote sensing, Chlorophyll fluorescence

Fig.1

Causes and evaluation of wheat waterlogging"

Table 1

Changes and regulation of hormones in wheat under waterlogging stress"

激素
Hormone		 部位
Part		 变化
Change		 诱因
Inducing factor		 调节作用
Regulating effect
乙烯Ethylene 下胚轴、
根部		 向表皮
运输		 合成过程需要氧气，向氧含量高的表皮细胞运输
 乙烯是促进次生根萌发所必需的激素；诱导根细胞程序性死亡，形成通气组织；调节乙烯响应因子转录基因的表达，促进或抑制茎伸长
脱落酸Abscisic acid 根部 减少 OsABA 8 ox 1基因表达抑制脱落酸合成 利于次生根萌发（脱落酸浓度与次生根发育呈负相关）
地上部分 增加 RAP2.6L基因表达促进脱落酸合成 关闭气孔，积累活性氧
生长素Auxin 根部 增加 糖累积，诱导转运 促进次生根发育，生长素为非必需激素
赤霉素Gibberellin 叶片 增加 SD1基因表达促进赤霉素合成 促进叶片呼吸
茎 增加 SD1基因表达促进赤霉素合成 促进茎伸长
水杨酸Salicylic acid 全株 － － 促进酶活性
根部 － － 诱导根细胞程序性死亡，形成通气组织；促进次生根形成
茉莉酸Jasmonic acid 全株 － － 诱导应激蛋白产生，提高抗性
根部 减少 缺氧抑制茉莉酸合成 与乙烯共同促进次生根和通气组织形成
油菜素类固醇
Brassinosteroids		 全株 － － 促进糖向根部转运；消减活性氧，增加酶活性
茎 － － 与赤霉素呈拮抗关系、抑制茎伸长
褪黑素Melatonin 全株 增加 基因表达促进褪黑素合成 消减活性氧，增加酶活性；抑制无氧呼吸

Table 2

The relationship between photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll concentration, NDVI, and SIF"

项目Item 变化Change NDVI变化Changes in NDVI SIF变化Changes in SIF
光合效率
Photosynthetic
efficiency		 光合效率提高 单个叶绿素分子对红光吸收率提高，叶绿素浓度不变的情况下，NDVI提高 单个叶绿素分子SIF释放率减少
光合效率降低 单个叶绿素分子对红光吸收率降低，叶绿素浓度不变的情况下，NDVI降低 单个叶绿素分子SIF释放率提高
叶绿素浓度
Chlorophyll
concentration		 叶绿素浓度提高 单位面积红光总吸收量提高，光合效率稳定情况下，NDVI提高 单位面积SIF总释放量提高
叶绿素浓度降低 单位面积红光总吸收量降低，光合效率稳定情况下，NDVI降低 单位面积SIF总释放量降低
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