Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 110-114.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.017

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Response of Productive Capacity among Tillers in Winter Wheat to Tridimensional Uniform Sowing

Zhiqiang Tao1,Yanjie Wang1,Demei Wang1,Yushuang Yang1,Zheli Xu2,Guangcai Zhao1,Xuhong Chang1   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China;
    2 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Zhaoxian 051530, Hebei, China
  • Received:2019-02-25 Revised:2019-03-07 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of tridimensional uniform sowing (TUS) on productive capacity of wheat tillers, improve the high yield potentiality of TUS technology theory,we conducted a test with the variety of Gaoyou 2018 (much tillers), two sowing patterns including TUS and conventional drilling (CD), and discussed the effect of TUS on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), grain filling characteristics, biomass, grain yield and harvest index among different tillers. The results showed that compared with CD, 1000-kernel weight of the main stem (Z) in TUS unchanged. In the first tiller (1N), Pn of flag leaf increased by 0.3% at grain filling stage; the duration, slow increase period, exponential increase period, stopping growth period of grain weight reaching the maximum grain filling rate extended 0.12, 0.12, 0.11, 0.12d; respectively. 1000-kernel weight and kernels weight per spike increased 0.5 and 0.03g, respectively. In the second tiller (2N), Pn increased by 8.0%, and decreased slowly with the development of grain filling process. The maximum grain filling rate, mean grain filling rate, 1000-kernel weight increased by 2.0%, 1.8%, 2.3g, respectively; The biomass, kernels weight per spike, harvest index increased 0.3g, 0.11g, 0.02. respectively. In conclusion, TUS remained 1000-kernel weight of the main stem to be not reduced, and improved Pn, grain filling duration as well as kernel weight in 1N simultaneously. Moreover, TUS also improved Pn, grain filling rate and kernel weight in 2N. The difference of kernel weight among 1N, 2N and Z was reduced, the uniformity of tillers was improved, and the productive capacity per plant and population were increased under TUS.

Key words: Tridimensional uniform sowing, Wheat, Grain filling rate, Photosynthetic rate, Kernel weight

Table 1

The effects of sowing patterns on grain yield and component traits per spike at different tiller positions"

项目Item 立体匀播Tridimensional uniform sowing 常规条播Conventional drilling
主茎Z 1蘖1N 2蘖2N 主茎Z 1蘖1N 2蘖2N
穗粒数Kernels per spike 34.8a 34.3a 34.0a 35.0a 34.0a 33.3a
小穗数Spikelets per spike 19.0ab 18.7ab 18.0c 19.7a 18.0ab 17.7c
不孕小穗数Sterile spikelets per spike 1.0a 1.0a 1.3a 1.0a 1.2a 1.3a
千粒重1000-kernel weight (g) 45.3a 44.7ab 43.8b 45.3a 44.2b 41.5c
单穗粒重Kernels weight per spike (g) 1.58a 1.53ab 1.49b 1.59a 1.50ab 1.38c
理论单产Theoretical yield (kg/hm2) 11 257.5 10 260.0

Fig.1

Net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at different tillers positions in both sowing patterns U and D indicate tridimensional uniform sowing and conventional drilling. DAP5, DAP15, and DAP25 indicate 5, 15, 25 days post-anthesis. Different small letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05), error bars represent standard deviations. The same below"

Table 2

Grain filling characteristics of tillers at different positions in both sowing patterns"

项目Item 立体匀播
Tridimensional uniform sowing		 常规条播
Conventional drilling
主茎Z 1蘖1N 2蘖2N 主茎Z 1蘖1N 2蘖2N
最大千粒重The final 1000-kernel weight (g) 47.83ab 47.08abc 46.12bcd 48.67a 47.17ab 45.36cd
达到最大灌浆速率的时间Time to reach the maximum grain filling rate (d) 14.41a 14.40a 14.30a 14.35a 14.28a 14.38a
最大灌浆速率The maximum grain filling rate [mg/(粒·d)] 2.55ab 2.51abc 2.54abc 2.60a 2.52abc 2.49abc
平均灌浆速率Mean grain filling rate [mg/(粒·d)] 1.70ab 1.67abc 1.69abc 1.73a 1.68abc 1.66abc
灌浆活跃期The active grain filling period (d) 28.14a 28.14a 27.27a 28.14a 28.14a 27.30a
粒重缓慢增长期Slow increase period of kernel weight (d) 4.99b 4.97b 5.16b 4.92b 4.85b 5.24ab
粒重指数增长期Exponential increase period of kernel weight (d) 17.34a 17.32ab 17.13abc 17.27abc 17.21abc 17.22abc
粒重增长滞缓期Stopping growth period of kernel weight (d) 35.96a 35.95a 35.18ab 35.90a 35.83ab 35.27ab

Fig.2

Single-stem biological yield and single-stem harvest index at different tiller positions under different sowing patterns"

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