Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 28-36.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.005

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The Response and Cluster Analysis of Biomass Accumulation and Root Morphology of Maize Inbred Lines Seedlings to Two Nitrogen Application Levels

Shi Zhaokang1,2,Zhao Zequn1,2,Zhang Yuanhang1,2,Xu Shiying1,2,Wang Ning1,2,Wang Weijie1,2,Cheng Hao1,2,Xing Guofang1,2,Feng Wanjun1,2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2 Institute of Agricultural Bioengineer, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2019-05-09 Revised:2019-06-05 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Guofang Xing,Wanjun Feng

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of low nitrogen stress on the biomass and root morphology of seedling of maize inbred lines seeding, 14 days after treatment with two nitrogen levels, the dry weight per plant, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, total root length, root surface area, root volume, root average diameter, lateral root number and primary root length of 35 pieces of classical maize inbred lines were assessed. The results showed that Under low nitrogen stress, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root surface area, root volume, lateral root number, root average diameter and primary root length of maize seedlings increased significantly, shoot dry weight and dry weight per plant reduced significantly, while the total root length did not change significantly. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that there were genotypic differences in the traits of maize seedlings under the same nitrogen level, and they could be divided into 6 groups under normal nitrogen and low nitrogen condition. Under low nitrogen treatment, the nitrogen accumulation in shoot of 9 inbred lines were significantly reduced in comparison with normal nitrogen level. The nitrogen accumulation in roots of PH4CV, B73 and XY4 increased significantly, while the other 6 lines decreased significantly. In addition, only XY4 had a high nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency. The comprehensive analysis showed that XY4 was a low-nitrogen high efficiency maize inbred line.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen, Biomass accumulation, Root morphology, Principal components analysis, Cluster analysis

Table 1

Seedling biomass and root traits among different maize inbred lines at two nitrogen application levels"

性状
Trait		 处理
Treatment		 性状表现Performances of traits F
均值
Mean		 最大值
Max		 最小值
Min		 变异系数(%)
CV		 低氮效应(%)
Low nitrogen effect		 基因型
Genotype		 氮素
Nitrogen		 基因型×氮素
Genotype×Nitrogen
总根长(cm/株) NN 199.71 615.60 61.31 54.61 1.86 167.06** 3.69ns 104.95**
Total root length (cm/plant) (TRL)
 LN 203.43 331.26 76.36 37.89
根表面积(cm2/株) NN 17.58 48.92 6.30 48.51 8.63 76.97** 38.20** 48.53**
Root surface area (cm2/plant) (RSA) LN 19.10 35.78 8.01 40.43
根平均直径 NN 0.30 0.37 0.23 12.54 2.69 51.99** 20.35** 30.99**
Root average diameter (mm) (RAD)
 LN 0.31 0.44 0.21 16.24
根体积(cm3/株) NN 0.13 0.31 0.05 44.17 12.98 29.56** 29.08** 14.26**
Root volume (cm3/plant) (RV) LN 0.15 0.32 0.06 47.88
侧根数(个/株) NN 360.19 1 035.40 126.80 49.79 15.35 115.50** 147.76** 49.16**
Lateral root number (No./plant) (LRN) LN 415.47 776.40 212.40 39.88
初生根长(cm/株) NN 28.19 40.16 19.88 19.82 25.62 32.56** 479.50** 17.24**
Primary root length (cm/plant) (PRL) LN 35.42 49.92 17.80 22.52
地上部干重(mg/株) NN 119.88 202.80 60.74 33.24 -20.73 42.69** 217.92** 7.73**
Shoot dry weight (mg/plant) (SDW) LN 95.03 175.16 51.08 31.79
根干重(mg/株) NN 17.30 33.56 8.00 39.39 90.25 28.12** 798.92** 8.35**
Root dry weight (mg/plant) (RDW) LN 32.91 59.02 7.34 36.99
单株干重(mg/株) NN 137.57 236.36 69.34 32.76 -6.79 55.14** 26.85** 9.36**
Dry weight per plant (mg/plant) (PDW) LN 128.22 235.38 63.14 31.58
根冠比Root-shoot ratio (R/S) NN 0.146 0.268 0.091 23.03 136.69 21.67** 2 793.48** 12.52**
LN 0.345 0.584 0.131 24.89

Table 2

Correlative analysis of ten traits at seedling stage among different maize inbred lines at two nitrogen application levels"

LN条件下性状
Trait under LN condition		 NN条件下性状Trait under NN condition
SDW RDW PDW R/S PRL TRL RSA RAD RV LRN
SDW -0.82** -0.99** -0.04 -0.42* -0.70** -0.74** -0.29 0.75** 0.43**
RDW -0.79** -0.89** -0.50** -0.46** -0.70** -0.76** -0.33* 0.79** 0.44**
PDW -1.00** -0.85** -0.09 -0.45** -0.71** -0.76** -0.31 0.78** 0.43**
R/S -0.02 -0.57** -0.07 -0.12 -0.14 -0.18 -0.11 0.21 0.14
PRL -0.15 -0.13 -0.14 -0 -0.28 -0.41* -0.41* 0.50** 0.09
TRL -0.07 -0.43** -0.12 -0.65** -0.01 -0.92** -0.06 0.79** 0.76**
RSA -0.07 -0.43** -0.12 -0.64** -0.06 -0.98** -0.27 0.95** 0.74**
RAD -0 -0.16 -0.03 -0.26 -0.22 -0.44** -0.26 0.52** 0.03
RV -0.15 -0.48** -0.20 -0.59** -0.16 -0.85** -0.94** -0.02 0.64**
LRN -0.12 -0.47** -0.18 -0.66** -0.04 -0.91** -0.90** -0.37* 0.82**

Fig.1

Principal components analysis of maize seedling biomass and root traits at two nitrogen application levels A, B represent the projection of the 10 traits in the principal component 1 and the principal component 2, and in the principal component 2 and the principal component 3 under NN condition, C, D represent the projection of the 10 traits in the principal component 1 and the principal component 2, and in the principal component 2 and the principal component 3 under LN condition, respectively. The dots indicate the position of 35 maize inbred lines, and the lines represent vectors that quantify the magnitude and direction of a trait′s contribution to the principal component. PRL, RAD, LRN, SDW, PDW, RSA, RV, RDW, TRL and R/S indicate primary root length, root average diameter, lateral root number, shoot dry weight, dry weight per plant, root surface area, root volume, root dry weight, total root length and root-shoot ratio, respectively. The same below"

Fig.2

Clustering analysis of 35 maize inbred lines based on different traits at two nitrogen application levels"

Fig.3

Clusters of 35 maize inbred lines and the variations analysis between different traits based on LN condition A means clustering of 35 maize inbred lines based on LN effect of different traits; B means change patterns of ten traits in the different groups under NN and LN levels in the legend, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 represent different groups; Significant difference between two nitrogen treatments is indicated by "*" (P<0.05); Significant difference between groups in nitrogen level is indicated by different small letters (P<0.05)"

Table 3

Nitrogen accumulations and nitrogen physiological efficiencies of nine maize inbred lines"

自交系
Intred line		 氮素处理
Nitrogen
treatment		 地上部氮素积累量(mg/株)
Shoot N accumulation
amount (mg/plant)		 根系氮素积累量(mg/株)
Root N accumulation
amount (mg/plant)		 单株氮素积累量(mg)
N accumulation
amount per plant		 氮素生理利用效率(%)
Physiological use
efficiency of N
Chang7-2 NN -02.680a -00.385a -03.065a 057.140b
LN -00.607b -00.129b -00.736b 131.820a
变化Change (%) -77.4 -66.5 -76.0 130.7
Zong3 NN -04.588a -00.337a -04.925a 048.030b
LN -00.900b -00.268b -01.167b 122.170a
变化Change (%) -80.4 -20.5 -76.3 154.3
PH6WC NN -02.261a -00.198a -02.460a 043.670b
LN -00.427b -00.114b -00.540b 131.640a
变化Change (%) -81.1 -42.7 -78.0 201.5
87-1 NN -01.872a -00.281a -02.153a 058.330b
LN -00.505b -00.103b -00.608b 182.130a
变化Change (%) -73.0 -63.3 -71.7 212.2
Mo17 NN -01.577a -00.168a -01.745a 055.900b
LN -00.429b -00.136b -00.565b 158.530a
变化Change (%) -72.8 -19.0 -67.6 183.6
B73 NN -02.417a -00.147b -02.565a 040.810b
LN -01.073b -00.210a -01.283b 077.930a
变化Change (%) -55.6 -42.7 -50.0 091.0
XY4 NN -03.179a -00.250b -03.429a 055.090b
LN -01.061b -00.291a -01.351b 149.190a
变化Change (%) -66.6 -16.3 -60.6 170.8
PH4CV NN -01.067a -00.138b -01.206a 062.180b
LN -00.695b -00.223a -00.918b 101.500a
变化Change (%) -34.9 -61.4 -23.8 063.2
Zheng58 NN -01.236a -00.191a -01.427a 057.140b
LN -00.619b -00.166b -00.785b 147.730a
变化Change (%) -49.9 -13.0 -45.0 158.5
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