Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 152-158.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.023

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Fertilizer Types on Yield, Quality and Aroma of Fragrant Rice

Tong Tianyi(), Cai Jianxuan, Zhang Jisheng, Li Lin, Ma Lin, He Roujing, Tang Xiangru()   

  1. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2020-08-17 Revised:2020-10-27 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Tang Xiangru E-mail:tongty@stu.scau.edu.cn;tangxr@scau.edu.cn

RichHTML

2

PDF (PC)

217

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different types of special rice fertilizers on the yield, quality, and aroma of fragrant rice. The conventional fragrant rice varieties Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan were used as the materials, and the special solid rice fertilizer (T1) and the special liquid rice fertilizer (T2) treatments were designed, with no fertilizer (T0) as a control. The results showed that comparing with T0, the application of two types of fertilizer could increase the yield of fragrant rice, improve the processing quality of fragrant rice, and increase the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in grains. Compared with T1, T2 could increase fertile panicle of fragrant rice by 9.88%, increase the yield by 10.88%, and significantly increase the brown rice rate and milled rice rate of fragrant rice. By increasing the content of proline, a precursor of aroma, the content of 2-AP in grains at maturity was increased by 12.59%. The special liquid fertilizer for fragrant rice could increase the yield and improve the fragrance, showing a good effect of increasing production and adjusting quality.

Key words: Fragrant rice, Liquid fertilizer, Solid fertilizer, Yield, Quality, Aroma

Fig.1

Effects of fertilizer types on changes of tiller in different aromatic rice varieties"

Table 1

Effects of fertilizer types on yield and its components of fragrant rice"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数 (穗/m2)
Fertile panicle (panicle/m2)		 穗粒数
Grain numbers per panicle		 结实率
Filled grain rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (t/hm2)
美香占2号 T0 295.12±1.07c 98.46±8.41c 77.32±2.21c 17.85±0.23b 4.74±0.17c
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 335.22±2.11b 127.63±8.54a 80.94±6.57b 18.00±0.33b 5.94±0.25b
T2 370.43±1.16a 101.19±4.06b 82.29±1.19a 19.54±0.16a 6.89±0.26a
象牙香占 T0 315.98±2.88c 68.37±4.22c 69.81±4.41b 18.06±0.29b 4.26±0.15b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 375.11±0.55b 97.67±5.08b 79.83±4.30ab 19.03±0.26a 5.84±0.43a
T2 410.12±1.59a 109.23±12.36a 80.43±3.88a 18.98±0.21a 6.06±0.19a

Table 2

Effects of fertilizer types on 2-AP content in grains of fragrant rice μg/kg"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 齐穗后15d
15d after heading		 成熟期
Maturity
美香占2号 T0 208.79±14.23b 309.51±6.46c
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 295.55±19.97a 349.03±18.74b
T2 296.21±13.49a 391.76±16.68a
象牙香占 T0 176.13±5.81b 210.47±1.20c
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 220.05±16.54a 240.98±2.98b
T2 224.62±7.85a 272.16±12.74a

Table 3

Effects of fertilizer types on free proline content in fragrant rice leaves μg/g"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 21.71±1.86c 23.21±2.32c 19.79±0.96b 3.89±1.54c 2.69±0.44b
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 30.79±2.82b 32.21±1.53b 24.88±0.23a 5.32±1.59b 2.93±1.50b
T2 33.16±0.96a 37.13±2.52a 23.97±0.12a 8.00±1.51a 6.12±1.88a
象牙香占 T0 31.73±1.00a 28.68±2.75a 23.14±0.53b 5.93±0.01b 2.93±0.01b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 33.75±3.57a 22.15±1.29b 32.14±4.00a 10.39±2.42a 8.39±2.42a
T2 32.14±2.37a 27.08±0.87ab 33.94±4.23a 11.68±4.21a 9.68±4.21a

Table 4

Effects of fertilizer types on free proline content in sheath of fragrant rice μg/g"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 14.53±1.24b 3.11±0.03c 2.50±0.06b 2.13±0.01c 0.47±0.46b
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 9.68±3.01c 5.15±0.05b 2.17±3.11b 4.59±0.01b 1.60±0.01a
T2 17.73±2.56a 10.21±2.26a 3.88±0.78a 5.21±3.98a 1.67±0.87a
象牙香占 T0 10.76±2.6a 4.08±0.01c 1.20±0.06c 2.34±0.33b 0.60±0.01b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 8.86±0.33b 5.12±0.08b 3.01±1.00b 2.45±0.01b 0.23±0.14b
T2 10.29±1.09a 7.07±0.85a 5.77±1.80a 4.85±0.21a 2.83±0.22a

Table 5

Effects of fertilizer types on OAT activity in fragrant rice leaves μmol/(g·h FW)"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 185.81±3.60b 196.32±0.41a 196.72±2.86b 188.66±4.39b 84.85±0.43a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 191.03±0.63a 196.51±4.02a 199.54±2.56ab 192.94±1.71ab 85.74±2.72a
T2 191.72±2.19a 195.95±2.65a 203.82±3.26a 198.18±3.12a 83.28±3.65a
象牙香占 T0 186.02±4.30b 204.39±1.19a 197.29±2.97b 192.26±4.17a 85.77±3.36a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 195.24±1.56a 199.82±3.97a 193.25±2.45b 195.98±2.44a 84.37±2.28a
T2 196.56±4.25a 202.19±0.74a 206.36±0.01a 196.46±1.17a 84.92±2.32a

Table 6

Effects of fertilizer types on OAT activity in sheath of fragrant rice μmol/(g·h FW)"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 204.73±1.43a 153.01±1.39b 186.82±2.78b 104.31±1.08c 83.01±2.57a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 201.33±0.92a 168.21±3.88a 197.01±0.99a 145.83±3.91a 82.66±1.08a
T2 187.06±3.45b 165.66±4.33a 190.21±3.24b 123.47±1.53b 83.06±3.55a
象牙香占 T0 195.49±1.76b 150.89±1.99b 183.54±3.66a 106.34±1.47c 80.38±0.96a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 201.63±2.09a 188.07±1.37a 186.22±2.87a 111.32±0.24b 81.73±3.26a
T2 195.55±3.34b 145.72±4.02b 185.93±4.07a 135.62±2.59a 80.64±1.95a

Table 7

Effects of fertilizer types on P5C content of fragrant rice leaves μmol/g FW"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 2.04±0.15b 4.04±0.34a 3.58±0.06b 3.85±0.16b 5.32±0.31a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 2.73±0.11ab 4.34±0.04a 3.83±0.24ab 4.21±0.19a 5.29±0.68a
T2 2.88±0.07a 3.92±0.19a 4.02±0.27a 3.82±0.15b 5.72±0.30a
象牙香占 T0 2.57±0.08a 3.69±0.14c 3.68±0.26b 4.02±0.08b 4.47±0.74a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 2.67±0.09a 4.34±0.16b 3.77±0.13b 4.28±0.25b 4.73±0.44a
T2 2.78±0.16a 4.81±0.13a 4.29±0.17a 5.34±0.19a 4.89±0.29a

Table 8

Effects of fertilizer types on the content of P5C in sheath of fragrant rice μmol/g FW"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 1.91±0.04a 1.87±0.04b 1.97±0.12b 2.09±0.04b 2.72±0.13a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 1.76±0.09a 1.98±0.03a 1.99±0.05b 2.28±0.14b 2.45±0.09b
T2 1.73±0.21a 2.01±0.08a 2.26±0.09a 2.66±0.11a 2.92±0.11a
象牙香占 T0 1.76±0.05ab 1.92±0.07b 2.02±0.13a 2.14±0.15a 2.38±0.07b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 1.69±0.11b 2.08±0.09a 1.96±0.03a 2.06±0.05a 3.09±0.21a
T2 1.88±0.09a 1.94±0.04ab 2.06±0.03a 2.08±0.11a 2.45±0.09b

Table 9

Effects of fertilizer types on pyrroline content in fragrant rice leaves μmol/g FW"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 14.71±1.51b 17.43±2.55a 22.01±0.88c 11.48±0.33c 15.02±1.67b
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 15.48±1.15ab 13.88±0.51b 23.11±1.33b 14.22±0.35b 19.77±1.18a
T2 17.32±0.65a 19.37±0.29a 25.63±0.61a 17.61±1.82a 19.22±1.78a
象牙香占 T0 14.07±0.59b 10.71±0.51b 20.43±0.56c 14.63±0.95b 15.63±2.51b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 15.37±0.85ab 18.82±0.77a 23.71±0.86b 14.31±0.43b 17.75±2.73ab
T2 16.29±0.45a 18.08±1.11a 31.19±1.36a 24.52±1.63a 21.01±2.78a

Table 10

Effects of fertilizer types on pyrroline content in sheath of fragrant rice μmol/g FW"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 10.55±0.21b 11.08±0.88a 16.12±0.21b 11.52±0.39c 8.21±0.35a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 13.82±2.13a 10.45±0.91a 16.99±0.72ab 14.46±0.89b 8.41±0.11a
T2 11.29±0.56ab 9.68±0.21a 18.05±0.54a 17.99±1.89a 8.72±0.41a
象牙香占 T0 10.19±1.71a 9.67±0.46a 15.44±2.86b 14.57±0.45b 8.25±0.16a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 9.81±0.32a 10.48±0.69a 15.72±0.06b 15.18±1.51b 8.49±0.08a
T2 10.09±0.19a 10.17±0.44a 20.12±0.63a 24.27±1.22a 8.96±0.15a

Table 11

Effects of fertilizer types on the quality of fragrant rice"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice rate (%)		 整精米率
Head rice rate (%)		 蛋白质
Protein (%)		 直链淀粉
Amylose (%)		 碱消值
Akali
美香占2号 T0 77.04±0.21b 63.64±0.85b 51.34±0.59b 6.91±0.01b 18.11±0.17b 6.82±0.11a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 77.81±0.15a 64.36±0.21a 54.91±0.42a 6.93±0.06b 18.57±0.15a 6.73±0.21a
T2 78.21±0.03a 64.95±0.68a 53.74±0.07a 8.07±0.06a 18.41±0.17ab 6.97±0.12a
象牙香占 T0 74.21±1.33c 56.79±2.36c 49.25±1.11c 6.87±0.06b 18.17±0.12a 6.77±0.06ab
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 75.88±0.19b 60.51±0.95b 51.42±0.47b 6.51±0.01c 18.13±0.12a 6.72±0.21b
T2 77.57±0.13a 61.72±0.62a 51.68±0.46a 7.37±0.01a 18.23±0.06a 7.22±0.02a
[1] Abid M, Khan I, Mahmood F, et al. Response of hybrid rice to various transplanting dates and nitrogen application rates. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 2015,98(1):98-104.
[2] Bryant R J, Mcclung A M. Volatile profiles of aromatic and nonaromatic rice cultivars using SPME/GC-MS. Food Chemistry, 2011,124(2):501-513.
[3] Ashraf U, Adam K S, Deng Q Q, et al. Lead (Pb) Toxicity; physiobiochemical mechanisms,grain yield,quality,and Pb distribution proportions in scented rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017,8:259.
[4] Mathure S V, Jawali N, Thengane R J, et al. Comparative quantitative analysis of headspace volatiles and their association with BADH2 marker in non-basmati scented,basmati and nonscented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of India. Food Chemistry, 2014,142(1):383-391.
[5] Xie W J, Ashraf U, Zhong D, et al. Application of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogen regulates aroma biochemistry in fragrant rice. Food Science and Nutrition, 2019,7(11):3784-3796.
[6] Mo Z W, Tang Y J, Ashraf U, et al. Regulations in 2-acetyl-1pyrroline contents in fragrant rice are associated with water-nitrogen dynamics and plant nutrient contents. Journal of Cereal Science, 2019,88:96-102.
[7] Yang S Y, Zou Y B, Liang Y Z, et al. Role of soil total nitrogen in aroma synthesis of traditional regional aromatic rice in China. Field Crops Research, 2012,125:151-160.
[8] 钟群, 唐湘如. 氮肥施用对香稻香气含量的影响及其机理. 广东农业科学, 2014,41(4):85-87.
[9] Mo Z W, Lei S, Ashraf U, et al. Silicon fertilization modulates 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content,yield formation and grain quality of aromatic rice. Journal of Cereal Science, 2017,75:17-24.
[10] 李梦兴, 唐湘如, 莫钊文, 等. 硒肥对香稻香气和糙米硒含量以及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2016,31(6):213-219.
[11] 黄忠林, 唐湘如, 王玉良, 等. 增香栽培对香稻香气和产量的影响及其相关生理机制. 中国农业科学, 2012,45(6):1054-1065.
[12] Luo H W, Du B, He L X, et al. Exogenous application of zinc (Zn) at the heading stage regulates 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) biosynthesis in different fragrant rice genotypes. Scientific Reports, 2019,9(2):19-23.
[13] Bao G G, Ashraf U, Wang C L, et al. Molecular basis for increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline contents under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) conditions in fragrant rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018,133:149-157.
[14] 李艳红, 唐湘如, 潘圣刚, 等. 分蘖期水氮互作对香稻香气、产量及稻米品质的影响. 华北农学报, 2014,29(1):159-164.
[15] Huang T C, Teng C S, Chang J L, et al. Biosynthetic mechanism of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and its relationship with Delta(1)-pyrroline-5carboxylic acid and methylglyoxal in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008,56(16):7399-7404.
[16] Yoshihashi T, Huong N T, Inatomi H. Precursors of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline,a potent flavor compound of an aromatic rice variety. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002,50(7):2001-2004.
[17] 徐明岗, 李冬初, 李菊梅, 等. 化肥有机肥配施对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008,41(10):3133-3139.
[18] 付力成, 王人民, 孟杰, 等. 叶面锌、铁配施对水稻产量、品质及锌铁分布的影响及其品种差异. 中国农业科学, 2010,43(24):5009-5018.
[19] 吴文革, 张洪程, 陈烨, 等. 超级中籼杂交水稻氮素积累利用特性与物质生产. 作物学报, 2008,34(6):1060-1068.
[1] Pan Gaofeng, Wang Benfu, Chen Bo, Fang Zhenbing, Zhao Shasha, Tian Yonghong. Effects of Seeding Date on Yield, Growth Period and Utilization of Temperature and Sunshine of Different Types of Japonica Rice in North Central of Hubei Province [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 105-111.
[2] Gao Jie, Feng Guangcai, Li Xiaorong, Li Qingfeng, Wang Can, Zhang Guobing, Zhou Lengbo, Peng Qiu. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum Cultivar "Hongyingzi" [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 118-122.
[3] Zhang Jiawen, Lu Shaohao, Zhao Mingqin, Zhong Qiu, Wang Jun, Yi Kai, Xiang Huan. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Quality of Cigar Leaves in Sichuan [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 159-165.
[4] Wang Qingbin, Nie Zhentian, Lu Jiechun, Peng Chun’e, Zhang Min, Meng Hui, Liu Zhiguo, Geng Quanzheng. Effects of Paecilomyces variotii Extract on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 166-171.
[5] Wu Ke, Xie Huimin, Liu Wenqi, Mo Bingmao, Wei Guoliang, Lu Xian, Li Zhuanglin, Deng Senxia, Wei Shanqing, Liang He, Jiang Ligeng. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Rice Grain Yield and Yield Components in Double Cropping Rice Area of Southern China [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 178-183.
[6] Wang Zhihua, Zhang Lingyun, Wei Lixing. Comparison Test of Different Triticale Varieties in Winter Fallow Saline Farmland [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 191-195.
[7] Wang Guojiao, Song Peng, Yang Zhenzhong, Zhang Wenzhong. Effects of Straw Returning on Photosynthetic Matter Production Characteristics, Quality of Rice and Soil Nutrients [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 67-72.
[8] Xue Jingfang, Cai Yongsheng, Chen Shuqiang. Effects of Water-Saving Irrigation Cultivation Model on Rice Quality and Starch RVA Profiles [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 86-92.
[9] Liu Tianhao, Zhang Yifei, Wang Huaipeng, Yang Kejun, Zhang Jinsong, Sun Yishan, Xiao Shanshan, Xu Rongqiong, Du Jiarui, Li Jiayu, Peng Cheng, Wang Baosheng. Regulating Effects of Foliar Spraying Silicon Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Yield and Quality of Maize in Cold Region [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 112-117.
[10] Liu Xuetong, Zheng Chunlian, Cao Wei, Dang Hongkai, Cao Caiyun, Li Xiaoshuang, Li Kejiang, Ma Junyong. Effects of Long-Term Located Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter, Nitrogen Forms and Crop Yields [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 130-135.
[11] Liang Qian, Wu Qingshan, Ge Junzhu, Wu Xidong, Yang Yong’an, Hou Haipeng, Zhang Yao, Ma Zhiqi. Effects of Sowing Date on Rain-Fed Summer Maize Yield Formation and Resource Utilization in North China Plain [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(4): 136-143.
[12] Zhao Baoping, Liu Jinghui, Ren Changzhong. Research Progress of Physiological Mechanism of Yield Formation in Oats [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 1-7.
[13] Wang Kun, Wei Yuewei, Ji Xiaoming, Yun Fei, Zou Kai, Long Zhun. Effects of Combined Application of Biochar-Based Fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum on the Qualities of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Tobacco-Growing Soil [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 106-113.
[14] Wu Zhifeng, Liu Kaili, Le Lihong, Chen Zhongping, Tang Shuangqin, Li Zujun, Han Ruicai, Zeng Yanhua, Zeng Yongjun, Pan Xiaohua, Shi Qinghua, Wu Ziming. Study on Relieving Cold Stress of Direct-Seeded Late Rice at Heading Stage by Chemical Control [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 114-119.
[15] Sun Yanxin, Li Ziwei, Zhang Haoyang, Guo Xiaoheng, Xu Zicheng. Distribution Characteristics of Fe in Soil and Tobacco Leaves in Malong and Zhanyi Tobacco Areas and Their Effects on the Sensory Quality of Tobacco Leaves [J]. Crops, 2021, 37(3): 140-148.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!