Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 220-228.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.029

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Differences in Agronomic and Quality Traits of Oat at Cutting Time and Their Relationships with Regeneration Performance

Zhang Lu1(), Li Dengming1, Zhai Xiaoyu1, Wu Junying1(), Gao Shihua1, Zhao Yufei2   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Northwest Branch of Sinochem Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Xi?an 710000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-06-03 Revised:2022-08-27 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Wu Junying E-mail:156910222@qq.com;nmbtwjy@163.com

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Abstract:

The 50 oat materials were taken as the research objects to find out the effects of oat agronomic traits and forage quality on its cutting and regeneration performance. The results showed that the variation of flag leaf area and dry matter mass were large (CV > 15%) and the variation of chlorophyll content was small (CV=6.69%); The contents of crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus in quality traits were significantly different (CV > 15%). Correlation analysis showed that, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, contents of crude protein, crude fat, soluble sugar, calcium and phosphorus were significantly positively correlated with oat regeneration performance. Cluster analysis of yield and quality showed that Longyan 3, G138, Haywire, Yuanza 1, Mengyan 1, Bayou 18, Dingyan 2, G142, G144, Linna and Yanke 2 with high yield were recommended to be planted in areas with poor climate environment; In areas with abundant water and heat resources, it is recommended to plant the oats with high quality such as Qingyin 3, Qingyin 1, Yanke 2, Beile, Monida, Baiyan 8, Jiayan 7, Baiyan 19, Yanke 1, Neiyan 5 and Bayou 3.

Key words: Oat, Agronomic traits, Quality traits, Regenerative performance

Table 1

Test materials"

编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name		 皮/裸
Hull/hulless		 原产地
Origin		 编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name		 皮/裸
Hull/hulless		 原产地
Origin
MB1 蒙燕1号 皮 中国内蒙古 MB26 V14 皮 中国内蒙古
MB2 GL381 裸 中国河北 MB27 燕科2号 裸 中国内蒙古
MB3 远杂1号 裸 中国河北 MB28 G138 皮 中国内蒙古
MB4 张燕4号 皮 中国河北 MB29 G142 皮 中国内蒙古
MB5 草莜1号 裸 中国内蒙古 MB30 G144 皮 中国内蒙古
MB6 坝燕6号 皮 中国甘肃 MB31 内燕5号 裸 中国内蒙古
MB7 坝莜3号 裸 中国河北 MB32 白燕8号 裸 加拿大
MB8 坝莜18号 裸 中国河北 MB33 青引3号 皮 加拿大
MB9 定燕2号 皮 中国甘肃 MB34 青海444 皮 中国青海
MB10 魁北克 皮 加拿大 MB35 莫妮达 皮 美国
MB11 白燕7号 皮 中国吉林 MB36 蒙特 皮 美国
MB12 白燕2号 裸 中国吉林 MB37 奥塔 皮 美国
MB13 白燕18号 裸 中国吉林 MB38 燕科1号 裸 中国内蒙古
MB14 白燕19号 皮 中国吉林 MB39 G113 皮 中国内蒙古
MB15 甜燕2号 皮 加拿大 MB40 贝勒 皮 加拿大
MB16 KONA 皮 加拿大 MB41 牧王 皮 加拿大
MB17 Haywire 皮 美国 MB42 加燕7号 裸 加拿大
MB18 陇燕3号 皮 中国甘肃 MB43 蒙农大燕2号 裸 中国内蒙古
MB19 青引2号 皮 中国青海 MB44 坝莜6号 裸 中国河北
MB20 甜燕麦 皮 中国青海 MB45 坝莜8号 裸 中国河北
MB21 坝燕4号 皮 中国河北 MB46 坝莜9号 裸 中国河北
MB22 V3 皮 中国内蒙古 MB47 坝莜14号 裸 中国河北
MB23 加燕2号 皮 加拿大 MB48 陕皮 皮 中国陕西
MB24 V8 裸 中国内蒙古 MB49 青引1号 皮 中国青海
MB25 林纳 皮 中国青海 MB50 青海甜燕麦 皮 中国青海

Table 2

"

材料
Material		 头茬燕麦
First crop oats		 再生燕麦
Regenerated oats		 总生育期
Total
growth
period
(d)
播种期
Sowing
date		 抽穗期
Heading
stage		 抽穗期
Heading
stage		 成熟期
Mature
period
MB1 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB2 04-24 06-29 07-27 09-05 134
MB3 04-24 06-29 07-27 09-05 134
MB4 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB5 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB6 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB7 04-24 06-29 07-27 08-26 124
MB8 04-24 06-29 07-27 09-05 134
MB9 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB10 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB11 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB12 04-24 06-19 07-21 08-26 124
MB13 04-24 06-19 07-15 08-26 124
MB14 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB15 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB16 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB17 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB18 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB19 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB20 04-24 06-19 07-15 08-26 124
MB21 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB22 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB23 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB24 04-24 06-19 07-15 08-26 124
MB25 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB26 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB27 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB28 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB29 04-24 06-19 07-15 08-26 124
MB30 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB31 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB32 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB33 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB34 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB35 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB36 04-24 06-14 07-15 08-26 124
MB37 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB38 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB39 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB40 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB41 04-24 06-23 07-21 09-05 134
MB42 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB43 04-24 06-19 07-15 08-26 124
MB44 04-24 06-19 07-15 08-26 124
MB45 04-24 06-29 07-27 09-05 134
MB46 04-24 06-19 07-21 08-26 124
MB47 04-24 06-29 07-21 09-05 134
MB48 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB49 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124
MB50 04-24 06-23 07-21 08-26 124

Table 3

Performance of agronomic characteristics of oat materials at cutting time"

材料
Material		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 旗叶叶面积
Flag leaf area
(cm2)		 SPAD 干物质量
Dry matter mass
(kg/hm2)
MB1 69.14 24.42 59.46 10 101.05
MB2 96.92 12.09 51.87 8724.36
MB3 103.84 13.58 48.67 12 312.15
MB4 76.82 21.46 51.03 8420.21
MB5 72.18 22.89 54.27 8690.34
MB6 71.46 18.60 57.27 7923.96
MB7 90.84 21.16 52.33 9288.64
MB8 96.14 11.86 49.67 11 365.68
MB9 76.66 15.56 49.03 10 675.34
MB10 72.50 22.69 56.39 6591.29
MB11 58.16 21.43 59.57 5616.81
MB12 76.38 18.07 56.50 7625.81
MB13 75.86 14.99 51.53 7249.62
MB14 63.36 13.14 53.30 5304.65
MB15 73.38 18.98 54.43 9062.53
MB16 74.16 15.61 56.40 7759.88
MB17 72.88 14.99 51.97 11 933.96
MB18 81.78 21.37 58.23 11 407.70
MB19 76.38 11.50 52.33 7533.77
MB20 77.72 22.13 56.23 9790.89
MB21 66.96 20.26 52.63 6821.41
MB22 72.50 18.17 49.93 8330.16
MB23 95.84 26.02 53.10 9090.54
MB24 74.94 25.73 55.30 6255.13
MB25 82.32 17.37 56.23 10 899.45
MB26 86.12 20.04 54.33 8178.09
MB27 88.42 17.37 58.40 10 903.45
MB28 85.64 18.63 53.73 11 445.72
MB29 75.38 16.99 54.67 11 177.59
MB30 88.50 17.75 59.03 9904.95
MB31 83.74 22.19 58.37 7735.87
MB32 73.28 8.41 51.07 6071.03
MB33 87.26 18.57 55.23 7305.65
MB34 55.25 16.05 54.97 7125.35
MB35 64.30 21.45 56.27 6281.14
MB36 54.60 18.44 64.80 6493.25
MB37 68.98 17.43 61.30 8824.41
MB38 62.74 15.66 50.27 6975.49
MB39 79.68 19.93 57.83 9530.76
MB40 64.32 18.92 57.80 5162.58
MB41 76.12 22.76 54.50 6963.48
MB42 77.00 20.07 56.83 6851.42
MB43 81.88 16.47 58.00 7497.75
MB44 66.34 20.20 57.43 7019.51
MB45 82.08 12.61 58.17 6409.20
MB46 76.46 14.75 54.70 7719.86
MB47 109.20 9.48 50.57 10 003.00
MB48 82.34 14.97 52.87 8082.04
MB49 66.94 14.52 45.03 8528.26
MB50 86.30 17.52 57.70 9874.94
平均值Mean 77.44 17.91 54.83 8416.80
标准差
Standard
deviation		 11.51 3.98 3.67 1849.43
变异系数
Coefficient of
variation (%)		 14.86 22.22 6.69 21.97

Table 4

Performance of forage quality of oat materials in cutting period"

材料
Material		 粗蛋白
Crude Protein (%)		 粗脂肪
Crude fat (%)		 中性洗涤纤维
Neutral detergent fiber (%)		 酸性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent fiber (%)		 可溶性糖
Soluble Sugar (%)		 钙
Calcium (g/kg)		 磷
Phosphorus (g/kg)
MB1 13.62 5.23 59.95 33.51 9.45 3.82 0.76
MB2 11.56 4.85 47.59 26.76 6.28 1.57 0.51
MB3 11.95 4.79 46.69 29.46 8.01 2.89 0.37
MB4 12.00 5.01 56.79 32.33 5.63 3.10 0.38
MB5 12.64 4.86 53.06 33.89 6.00 3.17 0.25
MB6 13.05 4.38 58.54 35.86 7.46 3.24 0.39
MB7 14.47 4.77 50.34 28.00 8.68 2.92 0.54
MB8 10.92 4.29 56.10 33.78 5.32 2.07 0.22
MB9 11.57 4.93 58.00 38.04 5.92 2.84 0.21
MB10 12.36 5.08 53.57 32.27 8.49 3.34 0.37
MB11 14.21 5.10 58.00 32.10 9.60 3.57 0.83
MB12 13.90 5.30 59.27 35.95 6.58 2.28 0.57
MB13 12.05 4.25 55.34 30.03 5.43 2.04 0.46
MB14 11.74 3.57 52.96 28.23 4.65 2.46 0.20
MB15 13.17 4.91 54.34 33.66 8.56 3.10 0.91
MB16 12.80 4.87 61.20 34.21 6.22 2.93 0.20
MB17 14.06 5.14 58.00 31.44 8.60 3.91 0.70
MB18 13.73 4.82 63.48 35.92 8.80 2.61 0.92
MB19 13.25 4.90 56.50 33.51 8.92 2.36 0.62
MB20 12.84 4.67 60.99 36.02 5.39 3.37 0.41
MB21 11.62 5.05 52.84 23.29 3.41 1.46 0.22
MB22 12.89 3.72 59.87 34.75 5.17 3.04 0.41
MB23 10.44 4.93 59.46 35.46 5.42 2.80 0.14
MB24 13.35 4.77 59.98 34.00 8.36 3.01 0.33
MB25 11.52 5.44 56.00 30.31 6.19 2.96 0.52
MB26 11.54 5.60 58.47 30.00 8.79 2.54 0.87
MB27 14.34 4.67 54.80 30.80 7.15 2.98 0.58
MB28 11.90 4.43 58.33 30.67 8.94 2.71 0.49
MB29 13.50 4.83 56.00 34.73 4.10 2.00 0.76
MB30 12.82 4.97 59.77 39.64 6.34 3.37 0.21
MB31 14.04 4.89 51.33 26.89 5.51 2.56 0.57
MB32 11.08 4.53 52.66 27.34 6.52 2.18 0.50
MB33 13.80 4.87 56.00 28.96 8.33 2.74 0.64
MB34 11.85 4.40 55.92 34.08 5.32 2.51 0.67
MB35 15.00 5.17 55.30 30.05 10.88 3.96 0.92
MB36 14.57 5.24 46.10 23.54 7.59 2.33 0.54
MB37 14.58 5.45 59.44 33.95 10.95 2.79 0.65
MB38 12.59 4.55 52.50 29.00 5.71 4.12 0.49
MB39 10.21 4.00 56.00 32.00 5.67 3.47 0.21
MB40 12.76 4.70 53.38 30.65 8.05 2.68 0.46
MB41 11.82 4.36 56.37 32.91 6.95 1.85 0.39
MB42 10.74 5.24 54.00 27.41 8.15 2.97 0.71
MB43 10.28 5.26 57.32 29.26 6.98 2.08 0.40
MB44 11.27 4.83 53.32 35.95 8.27 2.44 0.67
MB45 12.01 4.02 51.56 24.38 6.91 2.48 0.19
MB46 10.84 4.97 60.41 33.21 7.60 2.39 0.55
MB47 11.24 4.74 54.17 30.63 5.10 1.97 0.22
MB48 14.00 4.78 57.46 32.54 9.30 3.23 0.57
MB49 13.76 4.80 55.04 28.78 6.67 2.66 0.69
MB50 12.16 4.28 58.00 29.47 8.24 3.47 0.68
平均值Mean 12.57 4.78 55.85 31.59 7.13 0.50 2.79
标准差Standard deviation 1.27 0.42 3.71 3.58 1.70 0.22 0.60
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 10.10 8.79 6.64 11.33 23.84 44.00 21.51

Table 5

Regeneration performance of different oat materials after cutting"

材料
Material		 穗长
Spike length
(cm)		 单株有效穗数
Effective
panicles per plant		 单株籽粒数
Number of
grains per plant		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 再生产量
Regeneration
yield (kg/hm2)		 再生力
Regenerative
power
MB1 14.6 13 32 23.5 2001.50 0.87
MB2 17.9 36 42 26.4 1765.84 0.42
MB3 23.4 26 59 23.6 1521.01 0.45
MB4 21.6 14 45 31.5 1769.43 0.50
MB5 24.2 10 64 26.8 1991.25 0.57
MB6 18.5 25 55 29.1 1701.10 0.73
MB7 18.2 10 33 23.5 1154.27 0.84
MB8 22.0 23 56 19.3 1065.84 0.45
MB9 23.1 28 60 24.8 1756.28 0.46
MB10 19.8 33 60 22.9 1901.20 0.80
MB11 19.5 19 56 39.2 2351.43 0.84
MB12 21.6 24 63 23.7 1507.85 0.84
MB13 20.4 12 76 18.2 1157.97 0.38
MB14 16.2 13 36 24.9 1244.82 0.33
MB15 16.7 15 42 28.3 1901.15 0.83
MB16 16.2 13 39 24.5 1877.15 0.53
MB17 17.1 20 43 27.3 1885.90 0.79
MB18 18.6 27 44 24.2 1767.87 0.83
MB19 15.2 25 40 30.2 1901.20 0.83
MB20 19.2 16 22 23.6 1304.54 0.77
MB21 19.4 14 29 29.2 1379.09 0.26
MB22 19.4 27 60 22.5 1801.30 0.31
MB23 19.8 15 36 29.4 1631.07 0.53
MB24 23.6 29 63 27.3 2301.40 0.67
MB25 21.4 17 74 22.5 2343.85 0.47
MB26 14.6 15 32 31.4 2331.42 0.62
MB27 18.7 18 27 20.3 1701.10 0.82
MB28 23.8 30 40 25.3 1736.87 0.81
MB29 22.1 19 65 23.8 2341.42 0.70
MB30 21.6 26 49 30.7 2311.41 0.64
MB31 22.3 32 72 26.1 1961.23 0.80
MB32 19.6 8 65 27.3 1231.61 0.44
MB33 20.8 35 56 26.3 2351.43 0.73
MB34 21.2 28 50 27.8 1701.10 0.62
MB35 14.2 15 28 26.6 2281.39 0.90
MB36 22.6 12 48 28.5 2101.30 0.82
MB37 17.1 14 32 27.5 2150.80 0.93
MB38 26.2 18 60 26.8 1274.50 0.46
MB39 17.3 18 38 29.4 1300.90 0.35
MB40 23.8 24 74 32.4 1901.20 0.72
MB41 22.1 25 48 35.0 1100.80 0.36
MB42 19.2 17 29 30.3 2301.40 0.54
MB43 17.6 16 40 24.2 1100.80 0.52
MB44 17.3 13 38 24.3 1701.10 0.85
MB45 15.9 12 82 22.8 1000.70 0.59
MB46 18.2 23 93 24.7 2101.30 0.44
MB47 18.6 8 32 29.6 1100.80 0.38
MB48 16.7 18 27 24.8 1400.95 0.86
MB49 18.2 24 44 26.5 1701.25 0.28
MB50 14.6 7 16 22.0 1300.90 0.81
平均值Mean 19.44 19.58 48.28 26.42 1729.44 0.63
标准差Standard deviation 2.90 7.46 16.88 3.88 414.03 0.20
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 14.92 38.10 34.96 14.69 23.94 31.75

Table 6

Correlation coefficients of oat traits and regeneration performance after cutting period"

指标
Index		 再生产量
Regeneration
yield		 再生力
Regenerative
power
株高Plant height -0.250 -0.153
旗叶叶面积Flag leaf area 0.364** 0.346*
干物质量Dry matter mass -0.019 0.057
SPAD 0.341* 0.587**
粗蛋白Crude protein 0.372** 0.658**
粗脂肪Crude fat 0.575** 0.388**
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber 0.198 0.166
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber 0.206 0.212
可溶性糖Soluble sugar 0.382** 0.701**
钙Calcium 0.281* 0.393**
磷Phosphorus 0.457** 0.566**

Fig.1

Cluster analysis on quality characteristics of different oat materials at cutting period"

Table 7

Comparison of quality of different types of oat varieties"

指标
Index		 类群Group
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
粗蛋白Crude protein (%) 12.40±0.51ab 13.12±0.54a 12.49±0.51ab 11.81±0.48b 12.69±0.52ab
粗脂肪Crude fat (%) 4.83±0.20a 4.71±0.19a 4.76±0.19a 4.54±0.19a 4.96±0.20a
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) 56.60±2.31ab 53.48±2.18b 60.10±2.45a 52.20±2.13b 46.79±1.91c
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) 32.38±1.31b 28.74±1.17c 35.90±1.47a 23.83±0.97d 26.59±1.09c
可溶性糖Soluble sugar (%) 7.46±0.30a 7.30±0.30a 6.49±0.26b 5.16±0.21c 7.29±0.30a
钙Calcium (g/kg) 2.81±0.11a 2.93±0.12a 2.89±0.12a 1.97±0.08c 2.26±0.09b
磷Phosphorus (g/kg) 0.54±0.02a 0.57±0.02a 0.40±0.02c 0.21±0.01d 0.47±0.02b

Fig.2

Cluster analysis on yield characteristics of different oat materials"

Table 8

Comparison of yields of different types of oat materials kg/hm2"

指标
Index		 类群Group
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
饲草干物质量Forage dry matter mass 1659.05±76.73b 1832.48±74.81a 1232.28±50.31c 1843.39±75.26a 1857.55±75.83a
再生产量Regeneration yield 6794.05±277.37d 5361.35±218.88e 9697.65±395.90b 8264.38±337.39c 11 102.46±453.26a
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