Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 179-186.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.025

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Dry Matter Accumulation and Productivity Potential Evaluation of Main Forage Oat Varieties in China

Zhao Shifeng(), Cao Lixia(), Shi Bihong, Liu Wenting, Zhao Xuefeng, Liu Junxin, Zhang Lixia, Li Jiahao   

  1. Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2021-03-18 Revised:2021-10-25 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Cao Lixia E-mail:zsf1886@163.com;hhclx@126.com

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Abstract:

To explore the suitable oat cultivars and cutting times for planting in northern Hebei province, 20 oat varieties with different types of bark and bare oat from 2017 to 2019 were selected as the research objects. The influence of climate on the development process of oat, the grass yield and grain yield in different years and cutting periods were compared. The results showed that the effect of air temperature on the growth period of oat is more obvious, showing a negative correlation, especially on the late maturing varieties. Rainfall had a positive correlation with the biological yield of oat. Drought at seedling stage is quite unfavorable to forage production. The most suitable forage varieties in Bashang of northern Hebei were GL381, Bayou 18, Yuanza 1, Dingyan 2, Bayou 3 and Caoyou 1, and only Dingyan 2 was the best choice for cutting before flowering. After flowering, Yuanza 1, GL381 and Bayou 18 were the first choice for cutting, followed by Bayou 3 and Dingyan 2. Eight early maturing varieties (Qingyin 2 and Baiyan 2, etc) could be selected in the second cropping area and when the growing season is limited. The varieties of Yuanza 1 and GL381 had higher biological yields of 10 920.0 and 10 819.5kg/ha, respectively. Grain yields of the top nine varieties were 4269.0-5185.5kg/ha, of which the yields of naked oats of GL381 and Yuanza 1 were 4765.5 and 4269.0kg/ha, respectively. GL381, Mengyan 1, Yuanza 1 and Haywire had high yield of both biological and grain.

Key words: Oat, Variety, Forage grass, Mowing period, Yield

Fig.1

Temperature in Zhangbei county from 2017 to 2019"

Fig.2

Rainfall in Zhangbei county from 2017 to 2019"

Table 1

Growth period of test varieties"

生育期指标
Growth period		 品种
Variety		 出苗-抽穗
Emergence-
heading (d)		 抽穗-成熟
Heading-
maturity (d)		 实际生育天数
Actual growth
period (d)		 数量
Number
早熟Precocious 80d以下 青引2号 45 33 78 1
中早熟Medium early maturity
80~90d
白燕2号、白燕7号、白燕18号、白燕
19号、甜燕麦、KONA、魁北克		 46
34
80
7
中熟Medium riping
90~100d
坝燕6号、蒙燕一号、甜燕二号、Haywire、
陇燕3号、草莜一号		 48
36
84
6
中晚熟Medium late ripening 100~110d 张燕四号、定燕2号、坝莜三号 50 38 88 3
晚熟Late-maturing 110d以上 坝莜18号、GL381、远杂一号 54 42 96 3

Fig.3

Annual dry matter amount of oat at different cutting stages"

Table 2

Difference of dry matter accumulation among varieties at different cutting stages kg/hm2"

品种
Variety		 干物质量Dry matter amount
孕穗期Booting 抽穗期Heading 开花期Blooming 乳熟期Milking 成熟期Mature
坝莜3号Bayou 3 3225.0±1362.0* 4950.0±1816.5* 5925.0±2073.0 8160.0±1522.5* 10 315.0±1677.0*
坝莜18号Bayou 18 3120.0±1395.0* 4725.0±1674.0* 6170.0±2398.5* 8415.0±1966.5* 11 085.0±1552.5*
坝燕6号Bayan 6 3090.0±1356.0* 4230.0±1987.5 5775.0±2494.5 6645.0±2334.0 9315.0±993.0
白燕2号Baiyan 2 2535.0±1416.0 3570.0±1372.5 4530.0±2584.5 6165.0±2568.0 8430.0±1623.0
白燕7号Baiyan 7 2880.0±1407.0 4095.0±1609.5 5205.0±2602.5 6615.0±2571.0 9105.0±2697.0
白燕18号Baiyan 18 2565.0±1225.5 3510.0±1468.5 4290.0±2392.5 5355.0±2521.5 7365.0±1554.0
白燕19号Baiyan 19 2340.0±586.5 3075.0±1042.5 3780.0±1783.5 5940.0±2578.5 7845.0±1125.0
远杂1号Yuanza 1 3000.0±1309.5* 4785.0±2092.5* 6090.0±2698.5* 9030.0±3093.0* 10 800.0±1635.0*
张燕4号Zhangyan 4 3045.0±1603.5* 4035.0±1537.5 5580.0±2412.0 6180.0±2218.5 9465.0±2434.5
GL381 3060.0±1285.5* 5535.0±2112.0* 6525.0±2493.0* 8430.0±2073.0* 11 220.0±2016.0*
陇燕3号Longyan 3 2535.0±1255.5 4290.0±1920.0 5565.0±2271.0 6285.0±1558.5 9765.0±1939.5*
定燕2号Dingyan 2 4485.0±499.5* 5205.0±2050.5* 6555.0±2310.0* 6780.0±2253.0 10 365.0±1591.5*
魁北克Kuibeike 2850.0±1546.5 4080.0±1728.0 4935.0±1956.0 6510.0±2722.5 9585.0±1600.5
青引2号Qingyin 2 2115.0±561.0 3135.0±874.5 3855.0±1785.0 5850.0±2848.5 6120.0±2121.0
甜燕麦Tianyinmai 2970.0±1417.5 4290.0±1848.5 5190.0±2170.5 6660.0±2494.5 8850.0±925.5
草莜1号Caoyou 1 2865.0±1593.0 4680.0±12 188.5* 6705.0±2752.5* 7515.0±1500.0* 9855.0±1417.5*
蒙燕1号Mengyan 1 3000.0±1473.0* 4455.0±1936.5 5550.0±2440.5 6390.0±2514.0 10 275.0±2287.5*
甜燕2号Tianyan 2 3300.0±1503.0* 4515.0±1854.0* 5475.0±2272.5 6690.0±2454.0 9870.0±2161.5*
KONA 3090.0±1710.0* 4410.0±1824.0 5175.0±2521.5 6360.0±2554.5 10 185.0±1567.5
Haywire 3210.0±1498.5* 4425.0±2004.0 5655.0±2262.0 6750.0±2254.5 10 185.0±1966.5*
平均Mean 2970.0±1208.0 4305.0±1593.0 5430.0±2100.0 6840.0±2170.5 9424.5±1944.0

Table 3

Screening of high-yielding varieties in different phenological periods"

生育期
Growth
period		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/hm2)		 数量
Number		 高产品种排序
Ranking of high-yielding variety		 最高产量Maximum yield
品种
Variety		 生物产量
Biological yield (kg/hm2)
孕穗期
Booting		 ≥3000
11
定燕2号>甜燕2号>Haywire>坝莜3号>坝莜18号>坝
燕6号>KONA>远杂1号>张燕4号>GL381>蒙燕1号		 定燕2号
4485.0±499.5
抽穗期
Heading		 ≥4500
7
GL381>定燕2号>坝莜3号>远杂1号>坝莜18号>草
莜1号>甜燕2号		 GL381
5535.0±2112.0
开花期
Blooming		 ≥6000
5
草莜1号>定燕2号>GL381>坝莜18号>远杂1号
草莜1号
6705.0±2752.5
乳熟期
Milk-ripening		 ≥7500
5
远杂1号>GL381>坝莜18号>坝莜3号>草莜1号
远杂1号
9030.0±3093.0
成熟期
Mature		 ≥9750
9
GL381>坝莜18号>远杂1号>定燕2号>坝莜3号>蒙燕1号>Haywire>甜燕2号>陇燕3号 GL381
11 220.0±2016.0

Table 4

Main economic characters and yield of tested varieties (yield group)"

编号
No.		 品种
Variety		 类型
Type		 株高
Plant
height
(cm)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 生物产量
Biological
yield
(kg/hm2)		 生物产量排名
Ranking of
biological
yield		 籽粒产量
Seed yield
(kg/hm2)		 籽粒产量排名
Ranking of grain yield		 苗数
Seedling
number
(×104/hm2)		 穗数
Panicle
number
(×104/hm2)
总
Total		 皮
Bark		 裸
Bare
1 坝莜3号 裸 118.7 22.6 10 236.0aAB 5 3847.5 14 4 394.5 441.0
2 坝莜18号 裸 117.2 26.0 10 249.5aAB 4 3940.5 13 3 394.5 436.5
3 坝燕6号 皮 104.1 35.0 8832.0cCD 14 4116.0 11 9 405.0 442.5
4 白燕2号 裸 107.9 23.4 8673.0cCD 17 3808.5 15 5 333.0 535.5
5 白燕7号 皮 99.1 34.0 9516.0bcBC 12 4627.5 5 4 400.5 577.5
6 白燕18号 裸 91.8 20.0 7245.0dD 19 3186.0 18 6 376.5 513.0
7 白燕19号 皮 81.4 31.3 7395.0dD 18 3598.5 16 11 375.0 819.0
8 远杂1号 裸 125.2 25.6 10 920.0aA 1 4269.0 9 2 328.5 444.0
9 张燕4号 皮 103.3 36.8 9663.0bcBC 10 4887.0 3 3 369.0 439.5
10 GL381 裸 119.6 28.1 10 819.5aA 2 4765.5 4 1 349.5 424.5
11 陇燕3号 皮 112.7 30.7 9663.0bcBC 11 4332.0 6 5 390.0 459.0
12 定燕2号 皮 123.6 27.7 10 207.5aAB 6 4110.0 12 10 361.5 351.0
13 魁北克 皮 101.5 36.1 9351.0bcBC 13 4960.5 2 2 393.0 435.0
14 青引2号 皮 91.6 28.5 6243.0eD 20 2365.5 20 13 363.0 456.0
15 甜燕麦 皮 111.0 34.1 8730.0cCD 15 3466.5 17 12 306.0 477.0
16 草莜1号 裸 112.0 24.3 9756.0bB 9 3163.5 19 7 363.0 375.0
17 蒙燕1号 皮 94.1 33.9 10 057.5bAB 8 4329.0 7 6 379.5 493.5
18 甜燕2号 皮 106.8 35.7 10 360.5aAB 3 5185.5 1 1 378.0 508.5
19 KONA 皮 85.6 26.2 8676.0cCD 16 4273.5 8 7 393.0 639.0
20 Haywire 皮 107.8 36.1 10 135.5abAB 7 4234.5 10 8 385.5 478.5
平均Mean 105.7 29.8 9336.0 4074.0 372.0 487.5
标准差
Standard deviation		 12.4 5.2 1234.5 687.0 25.5 102.0
变异系数CV (%) 11.7 17.5 13.2 16.9 7.0 20.8

Fig.4

Correlation analysis of main economic characters of forage oat varieties “*”and“**”indicate significant and extremely significant correlation, respectively"

Table 5

Comparison of differences in seed yield of oat"

产量排序
Yield order		 品种
Variety		 籽粒产量
Seed yield (kg/hm2)
1 甜燕2号 5185.5aA
2 魁北克 4960.5abAB
3 张燕4号 4887.0abAB
4 白燕7号 4627.5bcB
5 陇燕3号 4332.0cB
6 蒙燕1号 4329.0cB
7 KONA 4273.5cB
8 Haywire 4234.5cB
9 坝燕6号 4116.0cB
10 定燕2号 4110.0cB
11 白燕19号 3598.5dC
12 甜燕麦 3466.5dC
13 青引2号 2365.5eD
平均Mean 4191.0

Table 6

Comparison of yield differences of naked oat seeds"

产量排序
Yield order		 品种
Variety		 籽粒产量
Seed yield (kg/hm2)
1 GL381 4765.5aA
2 远杂1号 4269.0abAB
3 坝莜18号 3940.5abAB
4 坝莜3号 3847.5bAB
5 白燕2号 3808.5bAB
6 白燕18号 3186.0cC
7 草莜1号 3163.5cC
平均Mean 3855.0
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