Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 105-112.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.02.013

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Effects of Harvest Time on Yield and Cadmium Accumulation and Distribution Characteristics of Early Rice

Wang Han1(), Zheng Dechao1, Tian Qinqin1, Wu Xiaojing2, Zhou Wenxin1(), Yi Zhenxie1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2Chenzhou Crop Seed Storage and Technology Extension Station, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
  • Received:2023-01-30 Revised:2023-02-13 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-15

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Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable harvest time of early rice in the cadmium-polluted rice area of southern Hunan, a field experiment was conducted in cadmium-polluted rice field of Chenzhou, Hunan province from 2021 to 2022 using Xiangzaoxian 45, Luliangyou 996 and Zhuliangyou 4026 as materials to study the effects of harvest time (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 days after full heading) on the yield and cadmium (Cd) accumulation and distribution characteristics of early rice. The results showed that the harvest time had no significant effect on the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle of rice, but the seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield increased with the delay of harvest time. There was no significant difference between the treatments of harvesting at 27 and 30 days after full heading, but they were significantly higher than those of the other three treatments. With the delay of harvest time, the Cd content, Cd accumulation and Cd distribution coefficient in leaves and chaffs of all varieties showed a downward trend, while the Cd content, Cd accumulation, Cd distribution coefficient in stems and brown rice and the plant total Cd accumulation showed an upward trend. Except Luliangyou 996, the Cd content and accumulation in brown rice of treatmentof harvesting at 30 days after full heading were significantly higher than other treatments. In the middle and late stage of rice filling (18-30 days after full heading), the Cd in grain mainly came from soil absorption and transport of leaves and chaffs. The Cd content in brown rice of early rice varied significantly among varieties, and the Cd content in brown rice of each treatment of Luliangyou 996 exceeded the national standard (0.2 mg/kg). It can be seen that delaying the harvest time is beneficial to improve the yield of early rice, but the Cd content of grains will also increase. Comprehensively considering the yield and the Cd content of brown rice, the suitable harvest time for early rice in the Cd-polluted rice area in southern Hunan is 27 days after full heading.

Key words: Early rice, Harvest time, Yield, Cadmium content

Table 1

Yield and its components of early rice under different harvest times"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Productive panicle
number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 理论产量
Theoretical
yield (t/hm2)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(t/hm2)
2021 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 308.03a 96.95a 58.57d 23.02b 4.02d 3.76d
Ⅱ 312.32a 96.47a 64.15c 23.23ab 4.49c 4.25c
Ⅲ 311.85a 96.18a 69.10b 23.57ab 4.89b 4.63b
Ⅳ 309.81a 98.11a 76.75a 23.71ab 5.53a 5.25a
Ⅴ 310.12a 98.37a 77.32a 23.82a 5.62a 5.38a
陆两优996 Ⅰ 289.75a 96.58a 46.74d 27.76b 3.63d 3.44d
Ⅱ 292.75a 93.31a 61.58c 27.63b 4.61c 4.46c
Ⅲ 303.00a 94.46a 66.77b 28.05b 5.12b 4.88b
Ⅳ 292.75a 96.44a 69.49ab 28.61a 5.62ab 5.35ab
Ⅴ 293.00a 95.78a 73.08a 28.65a 5.88a 5.53a
2022 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 324.58a 95.25a 55.01c 23.36b 3.97c 3.72c
Ⅱ 320.75a 94.82a 58.98bc 23.90ab 4.29c 4.02c
Ⅲ 320.33a 93.03a 66.12ab 24.10ab 4.75b 4.58b
Ⅳ 322.00a 95.11a 68.67a 24.10ab 5.05ab 4.88a
Ⅴ 318.25a 93.38a 73.33a 24.22a 5.25a 5.03a
株两优4026 Ⅰ 307.25a 118.43a 62.58d 26.33c 6.00c 5.78c
Ⅱ 306.75a 117.08a 67.48c 26.46bc 6.41bc 6.23b
Ⅲ 305.75a 116.77a 72.26b 26.59abc 6.50b 6.28b
Ⅳ 310.33a 117.13a 75.50ab 26.88ab 7.38a 7.06a
Ⅴ 312.50a 118.84a 77.58a 26.99a 7.51a 7.26a

Table 2

Dry matter weight of different organs of early rice under different harvest times t/hm2"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理Treatment 根Root 茎Culm 叶Leaf 谷壳Chaff 糙米Brown rice
2021 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 0.76a 3.36a 1.49a 0.82a 3.20d
Ⅱ 0.71a 3.26ab 1.36ab 0.87a 3.62c
Ⅲ 0.70a 3.23ab 1.22ab 0.86a 4.03b
Ⅳ 0.69a 3.22ab 1.22ab 0.83a 4.70a
Ⅴ 0.64a 3.14b 1.09b 0.85a 4.77a
陆两优996 Ⅰ 1.08a 4.09a 1.72a 1.09a 2.54d
Ⅱ 0.88b 3.72a 1.59a 1.12a 3.49c
Ⅲ 0.86b 3.72a 1.55a 1.14a 3.98bc
Ⅳ 0.85b 3.59a 1.47a 1.14a 4.48ab
Ⅴ 0.84b 3.67a 1.43a 1.17a 4.71a
2022 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 0.62a 4.16a 1.58a 0.87a 3.10c
Ⅱ 0.61a 3.70ab 1.48a 0.85a 3.44bc
Ⅲ 0.58a 3.70ab 1.40a 0.84a 3.91b
Ⅳ 0.54a 3.61b 1.39a 0.88a 4.17ab
Ⅴ 0.52a 3.27c 1.37a 0.91a 4.34a
株两优4026 Ⅰ 0.73a 4.52a 1.61a 1.48a 4.52c
Ⅱ 0.72a 4.51a 1.43b 1.45a 4.96bc
Ⅲ 0.71a 4.50a 1.24c 1.47a 5.03b
Ⅳ 0.66a 4.32a 1.12c 1.46a 5.92a
Ⅴ 0.65a 4.30a 1.10c 1.50a 6.01a

Table 3

Cd content of different organs of early rice under different harvest times mg/kg"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理Treatment 根Root 茎Culm 叶Leaf 谷壳Chaff 糙米Brown rice
2021 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 2.183b 0.456b 0.552a 0.272a 0.090c
Ⅱ 2.369b 0.523b 0.481a 0.251a 0.095c
Ⅲ 2.331b 0.598ab 0.473a 0.230ab 0.138b
Ⅳ 2.357b 0.691a 0.373b 0.200ab 0.148b
Ⅴ 2.525a 0.729a 0.297b 0.176b 0.182a
陆两优996 Ⅰ 2.256b 1.132c 0.890a 0.504a 0.291b
Ⅱ 2.423ab 1.359b 0.784b 0.481a 0.310ab
Ⅲ 2.618a 1.378b 0.740b 0.422b 0.323ab
Ⅳ 2.648a 1.611a 0.707b 0.417b 0.324ab
Ⅴ 2.674a 1.656a 0.613c 0.385b 0.346a
2022 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 2.508a 0.444b 0.415a 0.300a 0.075b
Ⅱ 2.585a 0.547b 0.411a 0.275a 0.084b
Ⅲ 2.618a 0.554b 0.378a 0.251ab 0.099b
Ⅳ 2.684a 0.603a 0.321b 0.208b 0.102b
Ⅴ 2.718a 0.675a 0.318b 0.182b 0.135a
株两优4026 Ⅰ 2.256b 0.564b 0.356a 0.255a 0.094c
Ⅱ 2.423b 0.583b 0.330a 0.246a 0.098c
Ⅲ 2.548a 0.607a 0.332a 0.241a 0.110c
Ⅳ 2.574a 0.611a 0.324ab 0.234a 0.140b
Ⅴ 2.618a 0.620a 0.311b 0.221a 0.188a

Table 4

Cd accumulation amount of different organs of early rice under different harvest times mg/hm2"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理Treatment 根Root 茎Culm 叶Leaf 谷壳Chaff 糙米Brown rice 合计Total
2021 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 1659.10a 1533.51b 822.17a 222.83a 266.05d 4503.66c
Ⅱ 1682.18a 1706.43b 653.64a 218.07a 321.90d 4582.22c
Ⅲ 1631.63a 1932.01ab 576.87a 198.05ab 520.06c 4858.62b
Ⅳ 1626.28a 2224.67a 454.75b 166.00ab 653.55b 5125.25ab
Ⅴ 1616.09a 2289.39a 323.52b 149.88b 822.20a 5201.08a
陆两优996 Ⅰ 2436.52a 4629.13c 1531.61a 549.11a 682.71d 9829.08c
Ⅱ 2132.64a 5057.13b 1246.53b 538.21a 1034.48c 10 008.99bc
Ⅲ 2251.24a 5126.10b 1146.72b 481.02b 1206.69b 10 211.77b
Ⅳ 2250.92a 5785.01a 1039.23b 474.85b 1365.86ab 10 915.87a
Ⅴ 2246.12a 6078.78a 876.29c 450.96b 1508.45a 11 160.60a
2022 湘早籼45号 Ⅰ 1554.89a 1845.04b 655.57a 260.86a 214.66c 4531.02b
Ⅱ 1576.65a 2025.56b 608.57a 233.70b 264.92c 4709.40ab
Ⅲ 1518.32a 2049.76b 529.51b 211.11b 368.64b 4677.34ab
Ⅳ 1449.25a 2177.26a 446.00b 183.43bc 407.63b 4663.57ab
Ⅴ 1413.11a 2205.98a 435.71b 165.65c 554.92a 4775.37a
株两优4026 Ⅰ 1646.91a 2549.21a 572.86a 377.40a 405.28c 5551.66b
Ⅱ 1744.88a 2628.39a 471.50ab 356.70a 463.20c 5664.67b
Ⅲ 1809.18a 2707.04a 411.45b 354.27a 527.77b 5809.71ab
Ⅳ 1698.81a 2638.74a 362.77b 341.64a 782.01b 5823.97ab
Ⅴ 1701.52a 2668.02a 341.63b 331.50a 1080.46a 6123.13a

Fig.1

Cd distribution of different organs of early rice under different harvest times"

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