光周期影响水稻抽穗的分子机制研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.003

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important agronomic trait of rice, heading date is one of the key factors that determine its growth and development and yield formation. Photoperiod is a major environmental factor affecting rice heading. In recent years, with the increasing of studies on the cross effects of epigenetic modification and environmental factors, the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of photoperiod regulating rice heading have been further improved. In this paper, we reviewed the two main pathways of photoperiodic regulation of rice heading and the functions of related genes, the role of epigenetics in photoperiodic regulation of rice heading, and the influence of external factors on photoperiodic pathway, so as to provide references for understanding of the regulatory mechanism of rice heading, as well as the improvement and production management of rice high-yield germplasms.

Key words: Rice, Heading date, Photoperiod, Epigenetic inheritance

Xu Xiaozheng, Wang Jianjun. Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Photoperiod Influence on Rice Heading[J].Crops, 2025, 41(1): 15-25.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1

Table 1

Genes and functions regulating heading by photoperiodic sensitive in rice"

基因 Gene	基因ID Gene ID	功能 Function	路径 Pathway	参考文献 Reference
PhyA	Os03g51030	光敏色素基因，短日照条件下诱导成花，长日照条件下抑制抽穗	Ehd1	[40]
PhyB	Os03g19590	光敏色素基因，抑制抽穗	Ehd1	[41]
PhyC	Os03g54084	光敏色素基因，抑制抽穗	Ehd1	[42]
Hd3a	Os06g0157700	短日照条件下成花素基因	Hd1	[43]
RFT1	Os06g0157500	长日照条件下成花素基因	Ehd1	[44]
GI	Os01g0182600	昼夜节律基因，短日照条件下促进抽穗，长日照条件下抑制抽穗	Hd1	[45]
CCA1/LHY	Os08g0157600	昼夜节律基因，具有促进和延迟抽穗的双重功能	Ehd1/Hd1	[46]
LUX	Os01g74020	通过招募OsELF3-1和OsELF4抑制Hd1和Ghd7	Ehd1/Hd1	[47]
Ehd1	Os10g0463400	长日照条件下的调控抽穗的重要整合因子	Ehd1	[33]
Ehd2	Os10g0419200	水稻成花的促进因子，调节水稻的成花转变而不影响生长速率	Ehd1/Hd1	[48]
Ehd3	Os08g0105000	水稻成花的促进因子	Ehd1	[49]
Ehd4	Os03g0112700	早穗基因，通过Ehd1上调成花素基因的表达从而促进抽穗，但独立于已知的其他Ehd1调控因子	Ehd1	[50]
Hd1	Os06g0275000	具有双重功能，短日照条件下促进抽穗，长日照条件下抑制抽穗	Hd1	[28]
Ghd7/Hd4	Os07g0261200	长日照条件下抑制抽穗，Ehd1的主要抑制因子	Ehd1	[51]
Hd17/ELF3/Ef7	Os06g0142600	长日照条件下，通过抑制Ghd7的表达，上调Ehd1的表达，从而促进抽穗	Ehd1/Hd1	[52-53]
PRR37/DTH7/	Os07g0695100	长日照条件下，抑制水稻成花素基因并正向调控Ehd1的表达，从而延迟抽穗	Ehd1/Hd1	[54]
Ghd7.1/Hd2	Os07g0695100	长日照条件下，抑制水稻成花素基因并正向调控Ehd1的表达，从而延迟抽穗	Ehd1/Hd1	[54]
Ghd8/DTH8/Hd5	Os08g017450	长日照条件下，通过Ehd1介导的途径抑制抽穗	Ehd1	[55]
MADS51	Os01g0922800	成花促进因子，在短日照下参与OsGI至Ehd1的信号传递	Ehd1	[56]
MADS50/DTH3	Os03g0122600	长日照条件下促进成花，间接激活Ehd1的表达	Ehd1	[57]
BBX14	Os05g0204600	成花抑制因子，长日照下促进Hd1表达，作为成花抑制因子发挥作用；短日照下，作为Ehd1的抑制因子发挥作用	Ehd1/Hd1	[58]
ATG8a-d	Os07g0512200，Os04g0624000，Os11g0100100	在短日照和长日照条件下，自噬功能的丧失会导致Hd1的积累并延迟抽穗	Hd1	[59]

Table 1

Table 2

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序号 Number	稻作区 Rice region	抽穗基因Heading gene
序号 Number	稻作区 Rice region	DTH2	Ehd4	Hd1	OsPRR37	Ghd8	Ghd7
1	华南双季稻稻作区（18~28° N）	弱等位型	弱等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型
2	华中双季稻稻作区（25~35° N）	弱等位型或强等位型	弱等位型或强等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型
3	西南高原单双季稻稻作区（25~40° N）	强等位型	弱等位型或强等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或弱等位型或无功能等位型
4	华北单季稻稻作区(31~40° N)	强等位型	强等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型无功能等位型	无功能等位型	弱等位型
5	东北早熟单季稻稻作区（38~53° N）	强等位型	强等位型	无功能等位型	无功能等位型	无功能等位型	弱等位型或无功能等位型
6	西北干燥区单季稻稻作区（35~49° N）	强等位型	强等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	强等位型或无功能等位型	无功能等位型	弱等位型或无功能等位型

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Photoperiod Influence on Rice Heading

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