作物杂志,2018, 第6期: 22–26 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.06.004

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

秋水仙素诱导蚕豆及玉米根尖细胞染色体变异的研究

吴丽芳,魏晓梅,陆伟东,赵艳,吕婷   

  1. 曲靖师范学院生物资源与食品工程学院/云南省高校云贵高原动植物多样性及生态适应性进化重点实验室,655011,云南曲靖
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-04 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2018-12-06
  • 作者简介:吴丽芳,副教授,从事植物资源的评价与利用等研究工作
  • 基金资助:
    云南省大学生创新创业训练项目(基于细胞工程技术的色素万寿菊多倍化体系建立及种质创新的研究);曲靖师范学院教育教学改革项目(JGXM2016013:基于植物细胞工程应用型课程理论教学及实验内容体系创新的研究)

Research of Colchicine Induction on Root Tip Cells Chromosomal Mutation of Vicia faba and Zea mays

Wu Lifang,Wei Xiaomei,Lu Weidong,Zhao Yan,Lü Ting   

  1. College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering/Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on Yungui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2018-10-04 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-12-06

摘要:

为进一步了解秋水仙素对农作物根尖细胞染色体畸变的遗传毒害效应,以地方品种敏感型绿皮小粒蚕豆和饲用玉米为材料,研究不同浓度秋水仙素(0、0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%)及不同培养时间(24、48、72h)对2种作物染色体的畸变影响。结果表明:秋水仙素能诱发根尖膨大,当秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理24h,蚕豆根尖膨大率100%;秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理72h,玉米根尖膨大率65.8%;适当浓度秋水仙素(0.01%、0.05%)可促进蚕豆和玉米根尖细胞的有丝分裂,当浓度≥0.10%,反而抑制蚕豆和玉米细胞分裂。在染色体畸变类型中,微核最多,其次是染色体断片,最少是染色体桥。秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间72h,蚕豆畸变率和玉米畸变率均最高,分别为11.92%和7.25%;秋水仙素浓度0.10%,处理时间72h,蚕豆染色体加倍指数最高为7.97%;秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间24h,玉米细胞加倍指数最高为4.64%。

关键词: 秋水仙素, 蚕豆, 玉米, 有丝分裂, 染色体变异

Abstract:

In order to further understand colchicine on genetic toxic effect on root tip cell chromosomal aberration of crops, Sensitive small Vicia faba and forage Zea mays were used as materials to research its mutation of the chromosomal aberration under the treatments of different concentration colchicine (0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%) and different culture time (24h, 48h, 72h) treatment. The results showed that root tip swelling was induced by colchicine. The induction rate of root tip swelling of Vicia faba was 100% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24h, and the induction rate of Zea mays was 65.8% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72h. Mitosis of Vicia faba and Zea mays was promoted by low concentration of colchicine (0.01%, 0.05%) and was inhibited at high concentration (0.10% and more). A few types of chromosome aberration were induced, the rate of micronuclei aberration was the highest and then chromosome fragment aberration followed, the induction rate of chromosome bridge was the lowest. The chromosomal aberration rate was the highest under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 hours, the aberration rate of Vicia faba and Zea mays were 11.92% and 7.25% respectively. The highest chromosome doubling index of Vicia faba appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.10% and treating period 72h, and the doubling index was 7.97%. The highest chromosome doubling index of Zea mays appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24h, and the doubling index was 4.64%.

Key words: Colchicine, Vicia faba, Zea mays, Mitosis, Chromosomal mutation

表1

秋水仙素处理对蚕豆和玉米根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响"

秋水仙素质量分数(%)
Colchicine concentration
蚕豆有丝分裂指数Mitotic index of Vicia faba 玉米有丝分裂指数Mitotic index of Zea mays
24h 48h 72h 24h 48h 72h
对照组CK 12.92bA 13.10bA 13.28aA 9.17cA 9.43aA 9.52aA
0.01 13.87aA 13.32abB 12.87bC 9.89bA 9.36aB 9.20abC
0.05 14.18aA 13.46aB 12.68bC 10.32aA 9.44aB 9.01bC
0.10 12.49bA 12.33cA 12.11cA 9.43cA 8.63bB 8.37cB
0.15 11.40cA 11.13dA 10.70dAB 9.21cA 8.46bB 8.27cC
0.20 10.44dA 9.40eB 8.90eB 7.78dA 7.27cAB 6.62dB

表2

秋水仙素处理对蚕豆和玉米根尖染色体畸变的影响"

秋水仙素质量分数(%)
Colchicine concentration
蚕豆染色体畸变率Chromosome aberration rate of Vicia faba 玉米染色体畸变率Chromosome aberration rate of Zea mays
24h 48h 72h 24h 48h 72h
0.01 3.32eC 4.28eB 4.89eA 2.34dC 3.84cB 4.31eA
0.05 4.66dB 4.89dB 6.24dA 3.60cC 4.45cB 4.95dA
0.10 6.50cC 8.28cB 10.28cA 4.64bB 5.29bB 6.17cA
0.15 9.22bC 10.38bB 10.97bA 5.52aC 5.93aB 6.83bA
0.20 10.37aC 11.27aB 11.92aA 5.77aB 6.37aB 7.25aA

表3

秋水仙素对蚕豆和玉米根尖细胞染色体加倍的诱导效应"

秋水仙素质量分数(%)
Colchicine concentration
蚕豆根尖细胞染色体加倍指数
Chromosome doubling index of root tip cells of Vicia faba
玉米根尖细胞染色体加倍指数
Chromosome doubling index of root tip cells of Zea mays
24h 48h 72h 24h 48h 72h
0.01 3.49dC 5.51cB 6.46cdA 1.85bB 2.70cA 2.78cA
0.05 4.71cC 6.33bB 7.45bA 2.19bB 3.40bA 3.43bA
0.10 5.09bC 7.11aB 7.97aA 4.45aA 4.21aA 3.86ab
0.15 5.44bB 6.19bAB 6.70cA 4.04aA 4.21aA 4.17a
0.20 5.91aB 6.23bA 6.23dA 4.64aA 4.19aA 4.28a
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