不同油葵种植方式对银北灌区盐碱地土壤温度、含水率和电导率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.06.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究油葵不同种植方式对盐碱地土壤水、热、盐分布状况的影响,以平播（T1）为对照,开展了半膜平播（T2）、半膜平播+膜间覆秸秆（T3）、起垄沟播（T4）、起垄沟播+沟覆秸秆（T5）、垄膜沟播（T6）、垄膜沟播+沟覆秸秆（T7）等6种种植方式对油葵田土壤温度、水分和电导率的影响研究。结果表明：与对照相比,不同种植方式均提高了早上7:00时5cm深度的土温,但油葵花期土壤增温效果明显弱于苗期,垄膜沟播种植方式更有利于减缓地表5cm深度土温的剧烈变化。与对照相比,在油葵苗期,T7和T6的0~20cm土层土壤含水率分别提高了6.30%和5.01%,20~40cm土层分别提高了6.00%和3.38%,在油葵开花期,土壤含水率较对照提高幅度有所降低。与播种前0~20cm土层土壤电导率相比,T6在苗期和开花期均有所下降,其中开花期下降了33.81%,T7在苗期略有增加,在开花期则略有下降,其他处理在苗期增加幅度较大。因此,在银北灌区油葵生产中,垄膜沟播是一种适宜的油葵种植方式。

关键词: 油葵, 盐碱地, 垄膜沟播, 土壤温度, 土壤含水率, 土壤电导率

Abstract:

To study the effects of different planting patterns for oil sunflower on the conditions of soil moisture, temperature and salinity in saline-alkali land of northern Yinchuan irrigation district, a field experiment was conducted to test soil temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity (EC) value under seven planting patterns, which included flat planting (CK, T1), flat planting with half film mulching (T2), half film mulching combined with straw mulching between films (T3), ridge-furrow planting (T4), ridge-furrow planting with straw mulching in furrows (T5), ridge mulching-furrow planting (T6), ridge mulching-furrow planting with straw mulching in furrows (T7). The results showed that the other six planting patterns all increased soil temperature of 5cm depth at 7:00. compared with CK, but the increasing effect of soil temperature at the flowering stage of oil sunflower was significantly weaker than that at the seedling stage. Ridge mulching-furrow planting (T6) could mitigate a drastic change for soil temperature of 5cm depth at 7:00. Compared with CK, soil moisture of 0-20cm depth soil layer for T7 and T6 treatments increased by 6.30% and 5.01%, respectively at the seedling stage, and soil moisture of 20-40cm depth soil layer increased by 6.00% and 3.38%, respectively. At the flowering stage, the soil moisture increased lower than that of the control. Compared with soil EC value of 0-20cm depth soil layer before oil sunflower sowing, soil EC value of T6 treatment decreased at the seedling stage, and decreased by 33.81% at the flowering stage, while soil EC value of T7 treatment increased slightly at the seedling stage and decreased slightly at the flowering stage. Soil EC value of other treatments had a larger increase at the seedling stage of oil sunflower. In conclusion, ridge mulching-furrow planting (T6) can be considered as an appropriate tillage practice for oil sunflower in northern Yinchuan irrigation district.

Key words: Oil sunflower, Saline-alkali land, Ridge mulching-furrow planting, Soil temperature, Soil water content, Soil electrical conductivity

樊丽琴,李磊,吴霞. 不同油葵种植方式对银北灌区盐碱地土壤温度、含水率和电导率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (6): 127–133

Fan Liqin,Li Lei,Wu Xia. Effects of Different Planting Patterns for Oil Sunflower on Saline-Alkali Soil Temperature, Moisture and Electrical Conductivity in Northern Yinchuan Irrigation District[J]. Crops, 2019(6): 127–133

图/表 5

表1

图1

图2

表2

表3

参考文献 20

[1]	李尚中, 王勇, 樊廷录 , 等. 旱地玉米不同覆膜方式的水温及增产效应. 中国农业科学, 2010,43(5):922-931.
[2]	段喜明, 吴普特, 白秀梅 , 等. 旱地玉米垄膜沟种微集水种植技术研究. 水土保持学报, 2006,20(1):143-146.
[3]	李永平, 刘世新, 贾志宽 , 等. 垄沟集水种植对土壤有效蓄水量及谷子生长、光合特性的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,35(10):163-167.
[4]	戴全章 . 宁夏平罗县近50年来降水量变化特征分析. 安徽农业科学, 2014,42(32):11413-11414.
[5]	齐智娟, 冯浩, 张体彬 , 等. 覆膜耕作方式对河套灌区土壤水热效应及玉米产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2016,32(20):108-113.
[6]	李磊, 张强, 冯悦晨 , 等. 全膜双垄沟播改善干旱冷凉区盐渍土水盐状况提高玉米产量. 中国农业科学, 2010,43(5):922-931.
[7]	张鹏, 张晓芳, 卫婷 , 等. 垄膜沟播与平膜侧播对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012,30(6):32-37,49.
[8]	李荣, 王艳丽, 吴鹏年 , 等. 宁南旱区沟垄覆盖改善土壤水热状况提高马铃薯产量. 农业工程学报, 2017,33(10):168-175.
[9]	汤瑛芳, 高世铭, 王亚红 , 等. 旱地马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2013,31(1):1-7,13.
[10]	金辉, 郭军玲, 王永亮 , 等. 全膜双垄沟种植模式对晋北盐碱土水盐动态特征的影响. 中国土壤与肥料,2017(3):111-117.
[11]	邓力群, 陈铭达, 刘兆普 , 等. 地面覆盖对盐渍土水热盐运动及作物生长的影响. 土壤通报, 2003,34(2):93-97.
[12]	赵海军, 戴良香, 张智猛 , 等. 盐碱地花生种植方式对土壤水盐动态、温度和产量的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2016,35(6):6-13.
[13]	黄玉霞 . 宁夏平罗县盐渍土变化趋势及土壤生产潜力的研究. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2010.
[14]	吉力力·阿不都外力, 阿依古丽·买买提, 唐杨 . 玛纳斯河流域绿洲土壤春季盐渍化研究. 干旱区研究, 2013,30(2):189-195.
[15]	Mahajan G, Sharda R, Kumar A , et al. Effect of plastic mulch on economizing irrigation water and weed control in baby corn sown by different methods. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2007,2(1):19-26.
[16]	Zhou L M, Li F M, Jin S L , et al. How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect soil water,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Field Crops Research, 2009,113(1):41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.04.005
[17]	肖继兵, 孙占祥, 蒋春光 , 等. 辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014,47(10):1917-1928. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.10.005
[18]	高宇, 任永峰, 尹秀兰 , 等. 旱作作物垄膜种植增温作用及增产效应研究. 土壤通报, 2017,48(3):589-596.
[19]	杜红, 柳延涛, 殷波 , 等. 气象条件对油葵生长发育及产量关系的研究. 新疆农业科学, 2012,49(5):820-825.
[20]	孙池涛, 张俊鹏, 张谦 , 等. 起垄沟播和常规平播下滴灌棉田土壤水盐的运移. 干旱区研究, 2019,36(2):307-313.

相关文章 15

[1]	刁生鹏,高日平,高宇,任永峰,赵沛义,袁伟,高学峰. 内蒙古黄土高原秸秆还田对玉米农田土壤水热状况及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (6): 83–89
[2]	李积铭,李爱国,贾英全,宋聪敏,刘桂华,徐桂真,李和平. 机械化栽培条件下株距对油葵生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (6): 71–75
[3]	李冠男,黄立华,张璐,陈嘉兴,杨靖民. 施用有机肥和秸秆还田对东北苏打盐碱地水稻营养与食味品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (5): 82–88
[4]	徐苗,何文寿,马琨. 化肥有机肥配施对油葵产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (5): 129–135
[5]	卢培娜,刘景辉,赵宝平,李立军,雷雪峰,张丰屹. 菌肥对盐碱地土壤特性及燕麦根系分泌物的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (5): 85–92
[6]	刘艳,李波,孙文涛,于洋. 生物有机肥对盐碱地春玉米生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (2): 98–103
[7]	孟祥浩,张玉梅,薛远赛,刘义国,张洪生,林琪,穆平. 滨海盐碱地条件下不同小麦品种（系）花后旗叶可溶性物质、灌浆速率及产量因素的分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (1): 135–139
[8]	张一中, 周福平, 张晓娟, 等. 播种期对晋北地区盐碱地高粱生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (5): 96–99
[9]	包开花, 蒙美莲, 陈有君, 等. 覆膜方式和保水剂对旱作马铃薯土壤水热效应及出苗的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (4): 102–108
[10]	宫秀杰, 来永才, 钱春荣, 等. 耕作方式对松嫩平原北部盐碱地上壤理化性状的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2014, (1): 115–120
[11]	高婕, 李倩, 刘景辉, 崔凤娟, 李立军, 刘兵, 王健康. 免耕留茬对内蒙古后山地区油菜田土壤呼吸和水热变化的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2012, (3): 81–85
[12]	刘晓伟, 何宝林, 康恩祥, 郭天文. 播种方式对旱区冬小麦产量及土壤水分、土壤温度的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2011, (5): 77–81
[13]	岳云, 李福, 陈炳东, 等. 盐胁迫对油葵生理生化指标和产量影响的研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2011, (2): 32–35
[14]	贾秀苹, 岳云, 陈炳东. 盐胁迫对油葵生育时期和农艺性状的影响分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2009, (6): 45–48
[15]	林蔚刚, 吴俊江, 董德健, 等. 阿根廷作物免耕体系的研究现状[J]. 作物杂志, 2007, (4): 83–85

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

土层(cm) Soil layer	容重(g/cm³) Bulk density	田间持水量(%) Field moisture capacity	有机质(g/kg) Organic matter	全氮(g/kg) Total N	碱解氮(mg/kg) Alkaline N	有效磷(mg/kg) Available P	速效钾(mg/kg)Available k
0~20	1.45	45.13	11.53	0.67	41.86	21.98	178.43
20~40	1.75	-	-	-	-	-	-

处理 Treatment	苗期Seedling stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	0~20cm	20~40cm	0~20cm	20~40cm	40~60cm
T1	12.30±0.12f	13.75±0.51d	13.70±0.17c	14.10±0.20b	17.02±0.45c
T2	14.80±0.49e	15.66±0.36c	16.84±0.24ab	17.76±0.20a	19.70±0.02b
T3	15.71±0.36d	16.88±0.07b	16.90±0.19ab	18.14±0.19a	19.73±0.55b
T4	16.35±0.02cd	16.84±0.26b	16.92±0.36ab	17.60±0.46a	21.14±0.41ab
T5	16.54±0.11bc	16.74±0.13b	16.58±0.58ab	19.05±0.97a	21.36±0.73a
T6	17.31±0.10b	17.13±0.20b	17.81±0.23a	18.05±0.30a	21.43±0.43a
T7	18.60±0.27a	19.75±0.24a	17.23±0.38ab	19.11±0.42a	22.38±0.58a

采样时期 Sampling period	土层(cm) Soil layer	处理Treatment
采样时期 Sampling period	土层(cm) Soil layer	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7
本底值	0~20	0.53±0.03b	0.54±0.02b	0.56±0.04ab	0.49±0.06b	0.62±0.07ab	0.70±0.02a	0.69±0.07a
Background value	20~40	0.54±0.03a	0.60±0.04a	0.62±0.08a	0.54±0.03a	0.50±0.03a	0.69±0.08a	0.68±0.08a
	40~60	0.77±0.08ab	0.89±0.10a	0.57±0.01b	0.65±0.04ab	0.72±0.05ab	0.71±0.14ab	0.71±0.09ab
苗期	0~20	0.82±0.02a	0.75±0.00ab	0.72±0.03b	0.67±0.01b	0.71±0.01b	0.69±0.04b	0.74±0.06ab
Seedling stage	20~40	0.84±0.02b	0.83±0.04b	0.81±0.04b	0.80±0.03b	0.80±0.03b	0.88±0.05b	1.18±0.10a
开花期	0~20	0.90±0.08a	0.72±0.03b	0.64±0.02bc	0.58±0.03c	0.63±0.02bc	0.46±0.04d	0.67±0.01bc
Flowering stage	20~40	0.64±0.09ab	0.85±0.08a	0.67±0.06ab	0.51±0.02b	0.69±0.06ab	0.87±0.09a	0.83±0.07a
	40~60	0.66±0.01b	1.29±0.20a	0.67±0.07b	0.37±0.04c	0.53±0.03bc	0.81±0.06b	0.73±0.07b