外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长和产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以红小豆品种珍珠红为供试材料，在可移动防雨棚中采用盆栽称重法于V2期模拟干旱胁迫，设置正常供水（对照，维持80%田间持水量）、干旱胁迫下喷施褪黑素处理（于控水当天叶面喷施100μmol/L褪黑素，逐步控制并维持50%田间持水量）和干旱胁迫处理（控水方式同上，喷施等量蒸馏水），研究了干旱胁迫下褪黑素对红小豆幼苗抗旱和光合生理、形态和产量的调控效应。结果表明，褪黑素可以显著提高干旱胁迫下红小豆叶片中抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量，降低活性氧和丙二醛含量，并提高株高、茎粗、叶面积和干物质积累。褪黑素可显著提高干旱胁迫下红小豆叶片光合色素含量、光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数，提高碳水化合物（蔗糖、果糖、可溶性糖）含量，可在一定程度上提高单株荚数和单株粒数，较干旱胁迫处理分别提高了2.18%和4.88%。综合分析认为，叶面喷施100μmol/L褪黑素可提高红小豆抗旱能力，缓解干旱胁迫对红小豆光合作用的抑制，促进红小豆幼苗生长，提高产量。

关键词: 红小豆, 干旱胁迫, 褪黑素, 光合作用

Abstract:

Adzuki bean cultivar Pearl Red was used as the test material in pot under portable rainproof shed, and normal water supply as control (80% field water holding), melatonin treatment under drought stress (100μmol/L melatonin was sprayed on the day of water control beginning, soil water content was gradually regulated and maintained 50% field capacity), drought stress treatment (equal amount of water was sprayed on the day of water control beginning, soil water content was gradually regulated and maintained 50% field capacity), to study effects of melatonin on drought resistance, photosynthetic physiology, morphology and yield of adzuki bean under drought stress. The results showed that melatonin could significantly increase antioxidant enzyme activity and infiltration regulators, decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde contents, and increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter accumulation under drought stress. Melatonin significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and carbohydrates (sucrose, fructose, soluble sugar) in adzuki bean leaves under drought stress. The application of exogenous melatonin increased the number of pods and grains per plant by 2.18% and 4.88%, respectively, compared with drought stress. It was concluded that 100μmol/L melatonin spraying on leaf surface could improve the drought resistance of adzuki bean, reduce the inhibition of photosynthesis of adzuki bean by drought stress, promote the growth of adzuki bean seedling and increase yield.

Key words: Adzuki bean, Drought stress, Melatonin, Photosynthesis

姜珊, 刘佳, 曹亮, 任春元, 金喜军, 张玉先. 外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (4): 202–209

Jiang Shan, Liu Jia, Cao Liang, Ren Chunyuan, Jin Xijun, Zhang Yuxian. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Growth and Yield of Adzuki Bean under Drought Stress at Seedling Stage[J]. Crops, 2023(4): 202–209

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喷施后天数 Days after spraying (d)	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)	地上干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	地下干重 Root dry weight (g)
10	CK	13.07±0.38a	3.06±0.19a	6168.63±124.22a	0.86±0.04a	0.44±0.06a
	D	10.93±0.41b	2.75±0.05a	4694.18±329.26a	0.75±0.03a	0.36±0.01a
	D+M	11.90±0.45ab	2.90±0.07a	5706.56±401.30a	0.81±0.03a	0.40±0.04a
15	CK	15.83±1.03a	3.21±0.16a	7722.79±458.57a	1.55±0.08a	0.60±0.04a
	D	12.80±0.18b	2.76±0.06a	5906.40±880.02b	0.93±0.10b	0.49±0.06b
	D+M	13.77±1.29b	2.95±0.06a	6850.67±943.51ab	1.32±0.09ab	0.59±0.02ab
20	CK	20.30±0.44a	3.41±0.04b	8800.49±245.24a	2.67±0.06a	1.22±0.09a
	D	15.97±0.18c	2.90±0.11ab	7092.89±598.23b	1.63±0.11b	0.85±0.05b
	D+M	18.50±0.55b	3.01±0.14a	8070.84±120.23b	2.30±0.02ab	0.91±0.07b
25	CK	25.20±0.42a	3.50±0.02a	9156.13±593.47a	3.47±0.05a	1.76±0.11a
	D	17.87±0.29c	3.05±0.04c	7789.10±962.75b	1.96±0.10b	0.96±0.10b
	D+M	20.87±0.33b	3.26±0.06b	8922.64±612.18ab	2.58±0.13b	1.24±0.06b
30	CK	29.13±2.91a	3.78±0.13a	9329.80±519.87a	4.70±0.06a	2.07±0.11a
	D	24.47±0.86b	3.20±0.18b	8038.34±485.77b	2.37±0.15b	1.21±0.07b
	D+M	27.47±0.29a	3.58±0.14ab	9063.35±437.55ab	3.25±0.09b	1.38±0.11ab

处理 Treatment	单株荚数 Pod number per plant	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)
CK	13.83±2.14a	48.00±3.74a	11.62±1.26a	5.28±1.42a
D	11.91±2.48ab	44.50±2.74b	11.06±0.12a	4.92±0.31a
D+M	12.17±1.17ab	46.67±3.14ab	11.10±0.18a	5.19±0.41a