氮素穗肥施用期对一季籼粳杂交稻氮肥效率、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2019-2020年在江西进贤以籼粳杂交稻甬优12为材料，在施氮量255kg/hm²、基肥:分蘖肥:穗肥=4:3:3条件下，设置8个氮素穗肥施用期处理，研究其对产量及其构成因素、齐穗后干物质积累量及剑叶相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、氮肥利用率和稻米品质的影响，探索一季籼粳杂交稻氮素穗肥的最佳施用期。结果表明，随着穗肥施用期的推迟，穗粒数和产量均呈先增加后降低的趋势，且在抽穗前14d处理产量最高；抽穗后水稻剑叶SPAD值的变化则呈现不同的趋势，抽穗前35~14d施肥为逐渐降低，抽穗前7d至抽穗后14d为先升高后缓慢降低；抽穗后干物质积累量、氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力呈先增加后下降趋势，以抽穗前14d或21d施穗肥处理最高。穗肥施用期对水稻出糙率、精米率、整精米率、粒长和籽粒长宽比影响不显著，但显著影响垩白粒率和垩白度，随施用期推迟，垩白粒率和垩白度逐渐降低。总之，抽穗前14~21d是一季籼粳杂交稻的最佳氮素穗肥施用期，有利于提高抽穗后叶片SPAD值和群体干物质积累量，促进氮肥的吸收与利用，确保充足的穗数和较大的穗型，增产提质显著。

关键词: 一季籼粳杂交稻, 氮素穗肥, 肥料施用期, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Taking indica and japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 12 as material, eight nitrogen application periods were set in Jinxian, Jiangxi province from 2019 to 2020 under the conditions of nitrogen application rate of 255kg/ha, the base fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=4:3:3. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and its components, dry matter accumulation, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of leaves, nitrogen utilization rate and rice quality were studied to explore the best application period of nitrogen fertilizer in panicle of one- season indica-japonica hybrid rice. The results showed that the grains per panicle and yield increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer. The N panicle fertilizer applied at 14d before heading significantly increased rice yield. The SPAD value of the flag leaf after heading changed with different trends, which decreased with the delay of the application time (14d to 35d before heading) and increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of the application time (seven days before heading to 14 days after heading) of panicle fertilizer. With the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer, the dry matter accumulation after heading and N use efficiency increased firstly and then decreased, and the highest value appeared in treatments of N spike fertilizer applied at 14d or 21d before heading. The chalkiness rate and chalkiness were significantly affected by application time of panicle fertilizer, whereas no significant difference was found in brown rate, milled rate, head rate, chalkiness degree and length-width ratio of rice grain in different treatments. With the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer, the chalkiness rate and chalkiness decreased gradually. In short, 14-21d before heading were the best N spike fertilizer application time of one-season indica-japonica hybrid rice, which increased the indexes such as SPAD value and dry matter accumulation after heading, as well as the absorption and utilization of N fertilizer, more panicles and larger panicles, so as to increase the yield and quality significantly.

Key words: One-season indica-japonica hybrid rice, Nitrogen panicle fertilizer, Stage of fertilizer application, Yield, Utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, Rice quality

乐丽红, 刘凯丽, 陈忠平, 王斌强, 唐舟, 程飞虎, 张昆. 氮素穗肥施用期对一季籼粳杂交稻氮肥效率、产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (4): 195–201

Le Lihong, Liu Kaili, Chen Zhongping, Wang Binqiang, Tang Zhou, Cheng Feihu, Zhang Kun. Effects of Application Time of N Fertilizer at Panicle Differentiation Stage on the Nitrogen Use Efficiencies, Yield and Quality of One-Season Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice[J]. Crops, 2023(4): 195–201

图/表 8

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

表4

表5

表6

参考文献 23

[1]	Mo R X, Jiang L G, Guo L, et al. Effect of nitrogen application on contents of different forms of nitrogen in rice plants. Agricultural Science and Technology, 2011, 12(10):1484-1489.
[2]	朱晓彦. 水稻穗肥施用期对产量形成、氮素吸收及稻米品质的影响. 扬州:扬州大学, 2003.
[3]	丁承强. 氮素穗肥调控水稻每穗颖花数的分子机制. 南京:南京农业大学, 2012.
[4]	吉志军. 稻米品质形成对氮素穗肥的响应及生理机制. 南京:南京农业大学, 2004.
[5]	盛大海. 氮肥后移对寒地水稻群体质量及产量的影响. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2008.
[6]	王晓燕, 韦还和, 张洪程, 等. 水稻甬优12产量13.5t hm^-2以上超高产群体的生育特征. 作物学报, 2014, 40(12):2149-2159. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02149
[7]	刘迎雪, 张国民, 陈胜勇, 等. 不同施肥时期对不同穗型水稻品种群体结构及产量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(18):102-106.
[8]	陈守勇, 刘学良, 陈卫明. 穗肥施用时期对水稻产量和群体质量的影响. 土壤肥料, 2001(1):28-30.
[9]	何小娥, 刘洋, 滕振宁. 穂肥施用期对杂交稻叶片光合特性和干物质积累的影响. 湖南农业科学, 2017(5):10-16.
[10]	Peng S, Cassman K G. Upper threshholds of nitrogen uptake rates and associated nitrogen fertilizer efficiencies in irrigated rice. Agronomy Journal, 1998, 90(2):178-185. doi: 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000020010x
[11]	邹长明, 秦道珠. 水稻氮肥施用技术I.氮肥施用的适宜时期与用量. 湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2000, 26(6):467-470.
[12]	钟旭华, 黄农荣, 郑巧波, 等. 不同时期施氮对华南双季杂交稻产量及氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响. 杂交水稻, 2007, 2(4):62-66.
[13]	余锋. 穂肥施用时期对杂交稻产量形成及氮肥利用率的影响. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2018.
[14]	成臣, 雷凯, 汤军. 合理氮肥运筹同步提高晚粳稻产量及氮素利用率. 杂交水稻, 2021, 36(3):44-50.
[15]	孙永健, 孙园园, 蒋明金, 等. 施肥水平对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(24):4745-4756. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.24.007
[16]	梁健, 赵晨, 韩超, 等. 淮北地区氮高效高产型粳稻品种群体生长特征研究. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(4):400-408.
[17]	胡群, 夏敏, 张洪程, 等. 氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2017, 43(3):420-431.
[18]	陈梦云, 李晓峰, 程金秋, 等. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12):1802-1816. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01802
[19]	成臣, 曾勇军, 王祺, 等. 氮肥运筹对南方双季晚粳稻产量及品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5):1386-1395.
[20]	吕川根, 邹江石, 宗寿余, 等. 两系杂交稻两优培九稻米品质性状的变异分析. 江苏农业学报, 2008, 24(6):738-744.
[21]	万靓军, 张洪程, 霍中洋, 等. 氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响. 作物学报, 2007, 33(2):175-182.
[22]	张岳芳, 龚克成, 陈留根, 等. 氮肥对两系杂交稻稻米品质及淀粉RVA谱特征的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2007(5):18-22.
[23]	潘圣刚, 翟晶, 曹凑贵, 等. 氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(3):522-527.

相关文章 15

[1]	张明伟, 丁锦峰, 朱新开, 郭文善. 稻茬过晚播小麦高产密度和氮肥调控效应分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 126–135
[2]	陈剑, 齐文, 蒋海凌, 钱仲仓. 西兰花废弃物堆肥对水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 136–143
[3]	丁凯鑫, 王立春, 田国奎, 王海艳, 李凤云, 潘阳, 庞泽, 单莹. 马铃薯生长及生理特性对水分胁迫的响应研究综述[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 16–21
[4]	王丽萍, 白岚方, 王天昊, 王宵璇, 白云鹤, 王玉芬. 不同施氮水平对青贮玉米植株氮素积累和转运的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 165–173
[5]	李雨新, 卢敏, 赵久然, 王荣焕, 徐田军, 吕天放, 蔡万涛, 张勇, 薛洪贺, 刘月娥. 京津唐夏玉米区生产现状调研分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 174–181
[6]	刘红杰, 任德超, 倪永静, 葛君, 张素瑜, 吕国华, 胡新. 秸秆还田下减氮对土壤养分、酶活性和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 210–214
[7]	刘颖, 顾昀怿, 张伟杨, 杨建昌. 水分与氮素及其互作调控小麦产量和水氮利用效率研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 7–15
[8]	袁帅, 陈基旺, 陈平平, 易镇邪. 湘早籼45号头季与再生季产量及镉积累分配对灌溉方式的响应[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 101–108
[9]	张国忠, 李娟, 李毓才, 金寿林, 洪汝科, 黄大军, 普世皇, 施从波, 段自林, 马迪, 陈丽娟. 氮肥减施与移栽密度对杂交粳稻滇禾优615产量和食味品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 109–115
[10]	马义虎, 何贤彪, 陈剑, 汤学军, 王旭辉, 何豪豪, 金羽清, 齐文, 蒋海凌, 周翠. 秧龄对浙东南地区优质稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 116–125
[11]	赵云, 冯国郡, 胡相伟, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 李鹏兵, 李翠梅, 阿克博塔·木合亚提. 新疆喀什地区适栽抗除草剂复播谷子品种筛选初报[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 126–133
[12]	邢丕鹏, 黄彦峰, 易思媛, 兰儒剑, 潘圣刚, 莫钊文, 田华, 段美洋, 唐湘如. 抽穗期叶面喷施鸟氨酸对香稻产量、品质以及2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉生物合成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 134–138
[13]	李俊志, 常旭虹, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 赵广才. 施氮水平对不同强筋小麦品种产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 148–153
[14]	宋春燕, 万运帆, 李玉娥, 蔡岸冬, 胡严炎, 周慧, 朱波, 王斌. 温度和CO₂浓度升高下双季稻茎蘖动态、成穗率与产量的关系[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 159–166
[15]	徐茜, 曾新宇, 肖波, 李保证, 张兴端. 叶面肥对叶菜型甘薯茎尖产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 183–187

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean square	F值 F-value
年度间Year	1	2.32	2.32	1.53^ns
处理间Treatment	7	10.71	1.53	21.77^**
年度×处理Year×treatment	7	0.99	0.14	2.02^ns
误差Error	28	1.97	0.07
总变异Total variation	47	21.99

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Efficient panicle (×10⁴/hm²)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)	库容量 Sink capacity (t/hm²)
抽穗前35d 35 days before heading	182.81c	23.15a	280.73d	93.19b	11.82c	11.87d
抽穗前28d 28 days before heading	215.62a	23.65a	283.84cd	94.98a	12.23bc	14.44b
抽穗前21d 21 days before heading	196.87abc	23.25a	318.32b	96.07a	12.68ab	14.55b
抽穗前14d 14 days before heading	210.94a	23.40a	350.73a	95.35a	12.90a	17.29a
抽穗前7d Seven days before heading	206.25ab	23.90a	291.59cd	95.99a	11.85c	14.37b
抽穗期Heading period	178.12c	23.95a	318.60b	95.71a	11.61c	13.59bc
抽穗后7d Seven days after heading	174.37c	23.05a	303.92bc	95.92a	11.58c	12.20cd
抽穗后14d 14 days after heading	187.50bc	23.40a	287.08cd	95.64a	11.69c	12.58cd

相关指标Related indicator	穗粒数Spikelets per panicle	结实率Seed-setting rate	有效穗数Efficient panicle	千粒重1000-grain weight
Pearson相关性Pearson correlation	0.525^**	0.208	0.354	-0.324
显著性（双侧）Significance (bilateral)	0.003	0.271	0.055	0.081
N	30	30	30	30

处理 Treatment	施氮量 N application amount (kg/hm²)	氮肥农学利用率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)		氮肥偏生产力 Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (kg/kg)
处理 Treatment	施氮量 N application amount (kg/hm²)	2019	2020	2019	2020
抽穗前35d 35 days before heading	255	13.45ab	15.07c	45.37ab	47.34c
抽穗前28d 28 days before heading	255	14.90ab	16.83b	46.82ab	49.11b
抽穗前21d 21 days before heading	255	16.51ab	18.74a	48.43ab	51.01a
抽穗前14d 14 days before heading	255	18.59a	18.42a	50.51a	50.70a
抽穗前7d Seven days before heading	255	13.45ab	15.34c	45.37ab	47.61c
抽穗期Heading period	255	12.43b	14.43c	44.35b	46.71c
抽穗后7d Seven days after heading	255	12.16b	14.49c	44.08b	46.76c
抽穗后14d 14 days after heading	255	14.20ab	13.31d	46.12ab	45.59d
CK（不施肥） CK (no fertilizer)	0	－	－	－	－

处理 Treatment	出糙率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	粒长 Grain length (mm)	粒型长/宽比 Grain length and width ratio	垩白粒率 Chalkiness rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness (%)	直链淀粉 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	碱消值 Setback
抽穗前35d 35 days before heading	82.30ab	74.40a	55.40d	5.40a	2.20a	36.50a	9.20a	13.10ab	86.00a	3.15b
抽穗前28d 28 days before heading	82.40ab	74.70a	68.70ab	5.40a	2.10a	28.00c	5.90d	13.80ab	77.50b	4.10a
抽穗前21d 21 days before heading	82.20ab	74.70a	67.30ab	5.40a	2.10a	34.00ab	7.60b	13.50a	77.00b	4.40a
抽穗前14d 14 days before heading	83.20a	74.70a	66.30bc	5.50a	2.20a	33.50b	7.10c	12.60b	82.50b	4.20a
抽穗前7d Seven days before heading	83.00a	74.40a	69.40ab	5.40a	2.10a	27.00c	5.50de	13.80a	72.50c	3.20b
抽穗期Heading period	81.60ab	74.30a	70.30a	5.50a	2.20a	20.50e	3.80f	13.30ab	73.50bc	3.05b
抽穗后7d Seven days after heading	81.80ab	73.50ab	67.30ab	5.40a	2.10a	23.50d	4.10f	12.40b	71.00cd	4.15a
抽穗后14d 14 days after heading	80.80b	72.30b	63.40c	5.50a	2.10a	24.00d	5.20e	13.50ab	67.50d	3.25b