叶面喷硒对胡麻生理特性、产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究外源硒肥对胡麻产量、农艺性状、生理特性及品质的调控作用，以‘同亚16’（TY16）和‘晋亚10号’（JY10）2个胡麻品种为试验材料，采用田间试验，设置6个不同硒肥剂量，分别为清水对照（T0）、20（T1）、30（T2）、50（T3）、70（T4）和90 g/hm² NaSeO₃（T5），研究硒肥对胡麻产量及其构成因素、光合作用参数、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、籽粒硒含量和品质的影响。结果表明，T3处理显著提升了TY16和JY10的产量，较T0处理分别增加了9.91%和12.51%，主要得益于单株果数和每果粒数的增加。T1~T5处理叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等光合参数以及叶绿素含量相比T0处理有显著提升，表明光合作用得到增强。在T5处理中，TY16和JY10籽粒硒含量达到最高，分别为0.461和0.505 mg/kg，比T0处理提高18.47和21.96倍。在品质方面，施用硒肥后籽粒中的亚油酸含量显著增加5.49%~24.56%，T3处理后，TY16和JY10的亚麻酸含量较T0处理分别上升6.96%和5.84%。因此，50 g/hm²硒肥施用不仅提高了胡麻的产量和农艺性状，还增强了光合作用和叶绿素含量，提升了植株抗氧化能力，并通过增加籽粒硒含量、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量，显著提高了胡麻籽的营养价值。

关键词: 胡麻, 叶面喷硒, 光合作用, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the regulatory effects of exogenous selenium fertilizer on yield, agronomic traits, physiological characteristics and quality of flax, two flax varieties, Tongya 16 (TY16) and Jinya 10 (JY10), were used as experimental materials, and six different doses of selenium fertilizer, water control (T0), 20 (T1), 30 (T2), 50 (T3), 70 (T4), 90 g/ha NaSeO₃ (T5) were used to study the effects of selenium fertilizer on yield, yield components, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde contents, selenium contents and quality of flax. The results showed that T3 treatment significantly increased the yield of TY16 and JY10, which were increased by 9.91% and 12.51% compared with T0 treatment, respectively, mainly due to the increase of fruit number per plant and fruit number per fruit. Compared with T0 treatment, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of leaves under T1-T5 treatments were significantly increased, indicating that photosynthesis was enhanced. The grain selenium content of TY16 and JY10 reached the highest under T5 treatment, which were 0.461 and 0.505 mg/kg, respectively, which were 18.47 and 21.96 times higher than that of T0 treatment. In terms of quality, the content of linoleic acid in seeds were significantly increased by 5.49%-24.56% after application of selenium fertilizer, and the content of linoleic acid in TY16 and JY10 under T3 treatment were increased by 6.96% and 5.84%, respectively, compared with that under T0 treatment. Therefore, the application of 50 g/ha selenium fertilizer not only improved the yield and agronomic traits of flax, but also enhanced the photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, improved the antioxidant capacity of plants, and significantly improved the nutritional value of flax seeds by increasing the content of selenium and the contents of unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds.

Key words: Flax, Foliar spraying selenium, Photosynthesis, Yield, Quality

王文霞, 畅博凯, 夏清, 智慧, 杜杰. 叶面喷硒对胡麻生理特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024 (4): 130–137

Wang Wenxia, Chang Bokai, Xia Qing, Zhi Hui, Du Jie. Effects of Foliar Spraying Selenium on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Flax[J]. Crops, 2024(4): 130–137

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	工艺长度 Process length (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)
同亚16 TY16	T0	46.91±0.27b	28.10±0.68b	1.81±0.05b
同亚16 TY16	T1	48.77±0.35a	28.64±1.2ab	1.84±0.09ab
	T2	49.23±1.14a	29.17±1.06a	1.91±0.05a
	T3	50.10±1.55a	29.86±0.86a	1.92±0.06a
	T4	48.67±1.12a	29.53±0.89a	1.88±0.05a
	T5	47.22±2.16b	29.16±1.29ab	1.83±0.05ab
晋亚10号 JY10	T0	47.62±1.21b	27.92±0.95b	1.82±0.06b
晋亚10号 JY10	T1	48.48±2.57ab	28.00±0.91b	1.95±0.07a
	T2	49.76±1.65a	30.95±1.65a	2.01±0.08a
	T3	50.15±1.16a	31.91±1.22a	2.02±0.06a
	T4	50.18±1.75a	30.72±1.26a	1.92±0.04ab
	T5	48.97±1.92ab	29.21±1.31b	1.85±0.03b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单株果数 Pods per plant	每果粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Yield of seeds (kg/hm²)
同亚16 TY16	T0	13.59±0.59c	6.43±0.23a	5.13±0.05a	758.47±7.96c
	T1	14.26±0.32b	6.49±0.25a	5.18±0.03a	765.75±11.18c
	T2	14.72±0.37ab	6.55±0.26a	5.21±0.18a	793.20±17.79b
	T3	15.29±0.51a	6.66±0.21a	5.17±0.06a	831.60±13.61a
	T4	14.89±0.44a	6.82±0.24a	5.11±0.11a	806.40±16.92b
	T5	13.92±0.48bc	6.51±0.37a	5.06±0.08a	787.60±15.02b
晋亚10号JY10	T0	13.55±0.56c	6.45±0.23b	5.02±0.05a	766.27±11.49c
	T1	14.21±0.39b	6.79±0.18a	5.16±0.09a	777.75±14.02c
	T2	14.62±0.62ab	6.93±0.28a	5.05±0.12a	799.50±11.12b
	T3	15.27±0.46a	7.06±0.19a	5.07±0.06a	842.20±12.74a
	T4	15.08±0.69a	6.87±0.20a	5.02±0.11a	812.10±10.99b
	T5	14.36±0.57b	6.67±0.35b	4.91±0.09a	784.60±18.94bc