外源油菜素内酯缓解谷子穗分化期干旱胁迫的机理研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下谷子穗分化期光合特性、抗氧化系统及氮代谢的调控作用，以优质谷子晋谷21号为供试材料，采用盆栽试验，设置正常对照（CK）、喷施清水后干旱（DS）和喷施油菜素内酯后干旱（BR）3个处理，待植株生长至穗分化期各处理组叶面分别喷施清水和0.1 μmol/L的油菜素内酯，干旱结束后对所有处理的谷子光合作用参数、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、氮代谢关键酶活性和产量及其构成进行测定与分析。结果表明，干旱胁迫极大地阻碍了穗分化期谷子生长发育，外源油菜素内酯的应用明显缓解了旱害对谷子的影响，产量显著提高17.29%，穗粒重增加8.62%，空秕率下降18.46%，谷子净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性等指标不同程度提高，并显著降低H₂O₂和MDA含量。因此，喷施0.1 μmol/L的油菜素内酯通过提高P_n、叶绿素值和渗透调节物质含量、增加抗氧化酶和氮代谢关键酶活性、降低活性氧和MDA含量，促进植株体内活性氧自由基清除、维持植株碳氮代谢平衡等来缓解穗分化期干旱胁迫对谷子生长发育及产量的降低。

关键词: 谷子, 干旱胁迫, 油菜素内酯, 产量, 氮代谢

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of brassinolide on photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, and nitrogen metabolism in the high-quality foxtail millet variety, Jingu 21, under drought stress during panicle differentiation. Three treatment groups were established: a normal control (CK), a drought stress after water spraying (DS), and a drought stress after brassinolide spraying (BR). Upon reaching panicle differentiation, the treatment groups were separately sprayed with water and 0.1 μmol/L brassinolide on the leaf surface. After the cessation of drought stress, parameters including photosynthesis indices, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzyme activity, nitrogen metabolism key enzyme activity, yield, and its components were measured and analyzed for all treatments. The results showed that drought stress significantly impeded the growth and development of foxtail millet during the panicle differentiation stage, but the application of exogenous brassinolide could mitigate these adverse effects. Yield and grain weight per panicle were increased by 17.29% and 8.62%, respectively, while the empty seed rate was decreased by 18.46%. Several parameters like net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activities, soluble sugar, free proline, nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities increased to varying degrees. H₂O₂ and MDA contents were significantly reduced. Consequently, spraying 0.1 μmol/L brassinolide could alleviate the reduction of foxtail millet growth and yield under drought stress during panicle differentiation period by increasing photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzymes, nitrogen metabolism enzymes, and reducing reactive oxygen species and MDA content, facilitating reactive oxygen radicals scavenging, and maintaining the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the plant.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Drought stress, Brassinolide, Yield, Nitrogen metabolism

杜杰, 冯宇, 夏清, 智慧, 王文霞. 外源油菜素内酯缓解谷子穗分化期干旱胁迫的机理研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2024 (4): 144–151

Du Jie, Feng Yu, Xia Qing, Zhi Hui, Wang Wenxia. Mechanism of Exogenous Brassinolide in Alleviating Drought Stress Injury at Panicle Differentiation Stage in Foxtail Millet[J]. Crops, 2024(4): 144–151

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处理 Treatment	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗粒重 Grain weight per panicle (g)	穗码数 Spikelet number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	空秕率 Sterile grain rate (%)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	23.16±0.59a	19.01±0.63a	108.67±1.43a	3.13±0.09a	10.13±0.14c	4453.97±114.01a
DS	23.03±0.76a	17.06±0.75b	107.33±3.26a	3.01±0.07b	15.98±0.11a	3145.95±83.92c
BR	23.04±1.08a	18.53±0.43a	108.33±3.43a	3.05±0.08b	13.03±0.16b	3689.85±102.61b