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作物杂志,2026, 第5期: 1–14 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.001

• 专题综述 •    下一篇

环境胁迫与栽培技术对水稻品质形成的多维影响及分子调控研究进展

李兴沂1,2(), 肖素勤1, 邵建韬1,2, 陈玲1, 殷富有1, 李金璐1, 张建红3, 邢佳鑫1, 付惠仙4, 程在全1, 刘丽1()   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所， 650205， 云南昆明
    2 云南大学农学院， 650504， 云南昆明
    3 陆良县种子管理站， 655699， 云南曲靖
    4 会泽县农业技术推广中心， 654200， 云南曲靖
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-09 修回日期:2026-04-16 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘丽，主要从事作物分子育种研究，E-mail：liuliyaas@163.com
  • 作者简介:李兴沂，研究方向为作物分子育种，E-mail：lxyi_7094@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业联合专项―重点项目(202301BD070001-149);云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001- 01);云南省农业科学院科研预研项目(2025KYZX-09);杨庆文专家工作站项目(202305AF150161);云南省野生稻种种质资源圃建设项目(云农通告[2021]第8号)

Research Progress on Multi-Dimensional Effects of Environmental Stress and Cultivation Techniques on Quality Formation and Molecular Regulation in Rice

Li Xingyi1,2(), Xiao Suqin1, Shao Jiantao1,2, Chen Ling1, Yin Fuyou1, Li Jinlu1, Zhang Jianhong3, Xing Jiaxin1, Fu Huixian4, Cheng Zaiquan1, Liu Li1()   

  1. 1 Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    2 School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
    3 Luliang County Seed Management Station, Qujing 655699, Yunnan, China
    4 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Huize County, Qujing 654200, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2025-12-09 Revised:2026-04-16 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要：

优质一直是水稻遗传育种研究的热点。环境因子对淀粉合成酶等品质相关基因表达有重要调控作用，进而影响稻米垩白度和食味值等品质指标；同时肥料施用和水分管理等栽培措施通过调控蛋白积累、淀粉合成及环境胁迫响应基因表达，从而影响稻米品质形成。从生理生化到分子水平，系统阐述了环境胁迫因子和关键栽培技术对水稻碾米品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质、食味品质和营养品质的多维影响及分子调控机理，为解析水稻感知环境胁迫的信号级联响应分子调控网络研究提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 环境胁迫, 栽培技术, 品质, 分子机制

Abstract:

Good quality has always been a pivotal focus in rice genetics and breeding research. Environmental factors regulate the expression of quality-related genes such as starch synthases to impact quality performance of chalkiness and taste value, while cultivation techniques including fertilization and water management modulate protein accumulation and stress-responsive gene expression to influence rice quality. This review summarizes the multi-dimensional effects of environmental stress factors and key cultivation techniques on rice appearance quality, processing quality, cooking and eating quality, and nutritional quality and molecular regulation mechanisms from physiological and biochemical to molecular perspectives. It was expected to provide useful information for dissecting the molecular regulatory networks underlying the signal cascade responses of rice to environmental stress.

Key words: Oryza sativa L., Environmental stress, Cultivation techniques, Quality, Molecular mechanism

图1

水稻响应干旱胁迫的关键基因调控网络 斜体代表基因，加粗代表性状。

表1

水稻逆境调控基因及其对品质性状的影响

基因
Gene		 编码产物
Coding product		 调控类型
Regulation type		 调控功能
Function		 品质性状
Quality trait
Hsp101/FLO24[18-19] ATP酶 正调控耐热性 维持淀粉合成酶活性 垩白度，AC
OsHsp70-2/FLO11，OsHsp40-1[5] 热激蛋白 正调控耐热性 调控淀粉合成 垩白度
SMG9[20] 春化不敏感蛋白 负调控耐热性 降低ROS积累和细胞程序死亡 粒型
FLR3，FLR14[21] 受体样激酶 正调控耐热性 缓解氧化应激 垩白度
CHALK-H[22] 丝氨酸tRNA合成酶 正调控耐热性 垩白度
TT3.1[24] RING锌指蛋白 正调控耐热性 减少细胞损伤 粒型
GS3/TT2[25] 异三聚体G蛋白γ亚基 负调控耐热性 调控籽粒灌浆与粒型 粒型
QT12[5] Sec61转运蛋白β亚基 负调控耐热性 垩白形成 垩白度，营养成分
TTL1[26] 转录激活因子 负调控耐热性 调控热响应基因表达 粒型
OsMAPK6[30]，OsMAPK3[32] 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 正调控耐冷性 激活冷响应基因表达 粒型，垩白度
OsIPA1/OsSPL14[31] Squamosa启动子结合蛋白 正调控耐冷性 激活冷响应基因表达 AC，蛋白质含量，垩白
OsLEA9[32] 胚胎发生晚期蛋白 正调控耐冷性 维持细胞膜结构和蛋白稳定性 /
OsTPP1[33] 海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶 正调控耐冷性 维持细胞渗透平衡 淀粉含量
CTB5[35] 亮氨酸拉链蛋白 正调控耐冷性 促进生殖发育 粒型
SLRL2[47] GRAS家族转录因子 正调控耐旱性 调控籽粒灌浆 AC
NCED2[48] 9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶 正调控耐旱性 提高内源ABA水平 AC，GC
DG1[48] ABA转运蛋白 正调控耐旱性 调控ABA信号分布 AC，GC，粒型
OsARF6[50]
 IAA响应因子
 正调控耐旱性
 激活干旱响应基因表达，
调控叶夹角与粒型		 粒型
OsERF101[51] 乙烯应答元件结合蛋白 正调控耐旱性 激活干旱胁迫响应基因表达 粒型
OsbZIP66[61] TRAB1 正调控耐旱性 激活ABA响应基因表达 /
OsHDA716[63] 组蛋白去乙酰化酶716 负调控耐旱性 抑制干旱响应基因表达 /
OsMGD2[72] 单半乳糖二酰甘油合酶2 调控耐弱光 维持类囊体膜稳定性 糊化特性
OsMGD1[74] 单半乳糖二酰甘油合酶1 调控耐弱光 提高光合效率 粒型
RGA1/D1[75] 抗病蛋白RGA1 正调控耐弱光 增强弱光耐受性 垩白度
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