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作物杂志,2017, 第4期: 67–71 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.04.012

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻粉质胚乳突变体flo(t)的子粒性状及淀粉理化特性分析

何冰纾1,2,钟雨越1,乔永利2,郭东伟1   

  1. 1 西北农林科技大学农学院,712100,陕西杨凌
    2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,100081,北京
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-09 修回日期:2017-05-22 出版日期:2017-08-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 郭东伟
  • 作者简介:何冰纾,硕士研究生,主要从事作物分子育种研究
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目

Analysis of Grain Traits and Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Rice Floury Endosperm Mutant flo(t)

He Bingshu1,2,Zhong Yuyue1,Qiao Yongli2,Guo Dongwei1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2017-03-09 Revised:2017-05-22 Online:2017-08-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Dongwei Guo

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摘要：

淀粉是水稻胚乳的主要贮藏物质,其理化特性的解析对开展稻米外观和食味品质改良具有非常重要的理论和实践意义。本研究从烷化剂N-甲基N-亚硝基脲(MNU)处理的粳稻品种Hwacheong突变体库中,筛选得到一个稳定遗传的粉质胚乳突变体flo(t)。与野生型相比,flo(t)突变体的株高和穗粒数极显著、显著降低,种子胚乳表现为白色不透明粉质,千粒重降低15%,直链淀粉含量显著降低,但脂质含量显著提高。对成熟子粒扫描电镜观察发现,flo(t)突变体由大小不一、排列松散、间隙较大的淀粉粒组成,且淀粉的晶体结构与热力学特性也发生显著变化。

关键词: 水稻, 淀粉, 粉质胚乳, 理化特性

Abstract:

Starch is the main storage material of rice endosperm. The analysis of its physical and chemical properties has great theoretical and practical significance for the appearance and taste improvement of rice. In this study, a stable inherited powdery endosperm mutant flo(t), the mutant plant table was screened from the Hwacheong mutant library of japonica rice treated with N-methyl N-nitrosourea (MNU). In the phenotypic aspect of the mutant plants, the plant height and the number of grains per spike were significantly lower than the wild type, and the seed endosperm showed white opacity. Compared with wild type, the 1000-grain weight of flo(t) mutant was reduced by 15%, and the content of amylose were decreased, but the content of protein and lipid increased significantly. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the flo(t) mutant consisted of regular and rounded starch granules with different sizes and large intervals, and the crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of starch were also changed significantly.

Key words: Rice, Starch, Floury endosperm, Physicochemical property

表1

突变体与野生型的农艺性状"

类型
Type		 粒长(mm)
Grain length		 粒宽(mm)
Grain width		 粒厚(mm)
Grain thickness		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 穗数
No. of panicles/plant		 穗粒数
No. of grains/panicle		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 主穗长(cm)
Panicle length
野生型Wild-type 6.74±0.28 3.02±0.23 2.24±0.01 20.86±0.22 10.4±1.12 81.0±11.14 70.4±1.28 17.40±0.80
突变体Mutant 6.68±0.32 3.17±0.23 2.12±0.01 17.61±0.24** 12.2±0.76 72.0±4.00* 63.2±1.44** 15.88±0.83

图1

野生型与突变体理化性质 *表示突变体与野生型差异显著,**表示突变体与野生型差异极显著"

图2

胚乳淀粉颗粒晶体衍射"

图3

胚乳淀粉颗粒DSC分析"

表2

热特性参数"

类型Type 起始温度Initial temperature (℃) 峰值温度Peak temperature(℃) 终止温度Termination temperature(℃) 热焓值Enthalpy(J/g)
野生型Wild-type 30.1 119.5 252.3 305
突变体Mutant 30.7 123.5 222.6 207
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