氮密交互对红小豆干物质积累规律及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.01.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示氮密交互对红小豆干物质积累规律及产量构成的影响,采用裂区试验设计,通过设置4种不同种植密度和3种施氮模式,研究氮密互作对红小豆干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明,相同施氮条件下,单株叶片、茎秆和荚果的干物质积累量随种植密度的增加而降低,在密度为14万株/hm ²时干物质积累量最大;单位面积的叶片、茎秆和荚果干物质积累量随密度的增加表现为先升后降,当密度为21万株/hm ²时干物质积累最多,密度高于21万株/hm ²则表现出下降的趋势;相同密度条件下,播种前（基肥）和初花期（追肥）各施纯氮20kg/hm ²时干物质积累量、同化干物质对产量的贡献率和产量均高于其他处理。结果证明,红小豆产量随着花荚期后干物质积累量的增加而显著增加,因此花荚期后干物质的增加对红小豆高产更重要。本研究结果为黑龙江省红小豆高产栽培提供科学依据。

关键词: 红小豆, 密度, 氮素, 干物质积累, 产量

Abstract:

The effects of interaction between nitrogen and density on dry matter accumulation and yield of adzuki bean was investigated in this study. The field experiment was conducted by setting four different plant populations and three nitrogen application patterns by using of randomized block experimental design. The results indicated that the dry matter accumulation per plant of the leaf, stem and pod under the same fertilization pattern showed the tendency of decreasing with the increase of planting density. At the density of 140 000 plants/hm² dry matter accumulation was more than those under other treatments. Dry matter accumulation per m² of leaf, stem and pod increased first and then decreased as planting density increased. The accumulation of dry matter was the most under density of 210 000 plants/hm², however the trend showed a decrease when the density was more than 210 000 plants/hm². Within the same planting density, F2 had higher dry matter accumulation, higher contribution rate of assimilated dry matter to seed yield and the yield than other treatments. Overall, results of this study demonstrated that the accumulation of dry matter after flowering and pod stages had a more important effect on yield of adzuki bean, providing a theoretical basis for the planting adjustment for the high yield and scientific fertilization in the production of adzuki bean in Heilongjiang Province.

Key words: Adzuki bean, Density, Nitrogen fertilization, Dry matter accumulation, Yield

张明聪,战英策,何松榆,金喜军,王孟雪,任春元,张玉先. 氮密交互对红小豆干物质积累规律及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (1): 141–146

Mingcong Zhang,Yingce Zhan,Songyu He,Xijun Jin,Mengxue Wang,Chunyuan Ren,Yuxian Zhang. Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density Level on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Adzuki Bean[J]. Crops, 2018(1): 141–146

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处理 Treatment	花荚期前干物质积累量 DBP (t/hm²)	花荚期后干物质积累量 DAP (t/hm²)	茎叶物质转运率 TAA (%)	转运贡献率 CTA (%)	同化贡献率 CPA (%)
M1F1	3.08±0.12ab	0.81±0.02d	9.64±0.21a	26.89±1.61a	73.11±1.29e
M1F2	2.96±0.09ab	1.03±0.03c	7.07±0.18e	16.98±1.19c	83.02±2.09d
M1F3	2.89±0.07b	0.78±0.01d	8.20±0.11cd	23.35±1.32a	76.65±1.99e
M2F1	3.23±0.18a	1.19±0.02bc	8.01±0.19d	17.88±1.28bc	82.12±2.21d
M2F2	3.05±0.11ab	1.57±0.06a	2.24±0.09h	4.17±0.28f	95.83±3.16a
M2F3	2.94±0.08ab	1.34±0.04ab	2.33±0.10h	7.61±0.36e	92.39±3.08b
M3F1	2.84±0.06b	1.10±0.02bc	9.32±0.21ab	19.29±1.01b	80.71±2.29d
M3F2	2.73±0.07b	1.37±0.03ab	3.94±0.08g	7.26±0.34e	92.74±2.36b
M3F3	2.55±0.03c	1.07±0.04c	8.03±0.19d	16.07±1.11c	83.93±2.75d
M4F1	2.82±0.10b	0.85±0.01d	9.12±0.17b	23.28±1.16a	76.72±1.98e
M4F2	2.69±0.12bc	1.09±0.03c	5.99±0.10f	12.89±0.89d	87.11±2.06c
M4F3	2.56±0.11c	0.89±0.02d	8.42±0.14c	19.48±1.13b	80.52±1.88d

处理 Treatment	单株粒数 Seeds per plant	百粒重(g) 100-seed weight	单株粒重(g) Seed weight per plant	单株根瘤干重(g) Nodules weigth per plant	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
M1F1	73.35±2.32bc	10.76±0.08a	7.88±0.85bc	1.10±0.01b	1 103±79.12e
M1F2	81.98±3.57a	10.76±0.10a	8.82±0.63a	1.18±0.02a	1 235±87.92d
M1F3	69.66±1.76cd	10.39±0.02a	7.23±0.18c	1.19±0.01a	1 013±25.05e
M2F1	64.59±2.17d	10.64±0.07a	6.88±0.48d	1.05±0.01b	1 445±51.80b
M2F2	74.05±1.56ab	10.55±0.17a	7.82±0.32bc	1.13±0.02ab	1 641±67.84a
M2F3	64.81±1.26d	10.39±0.08a	6.72±0.51d	1.14±0.01ab	1 412±56.85bc
M3F1	46.68±2.38ef	10.49±0.12a	4.89±0.21ef	0.91±0.01c	1 369±58.9cd
M3F2	51.14±3.07e	10.36±0.06a	5.29±0.29e	0.93±0.01c	1 482±51.68b
M3F3	43.84±2.68f	10.38±0.05a	4.55±0.28f	1.03±0.03b	1 274±39.28d
M4F1	30.57±2.86g	10.32±0.04a	3.15±0.28g	0.71±0.01d	1 103±68.98e
M4F2	34.65±1.89g	10.31±0.07a	3.57±0.17g	0.82±0.01cd	1 248±60.19d
M4F3	30.43±2.18g	10.39±0.03a	3.16±0.22g	0.80±0.02d	1 106±78.37e

变异源Source of variation	自由度Degree of freedom	平方和Sum of squares	均方Mean square	F值F value	F_0.05	F_0.01
氮肥N fertilizer	2	829 739	414 870	89.84^**	3.44	5.72
密度Density	3	253 401	84 467	18.29^**	3.05	4.82
氮肥×密度N fertilizer×Density	6	95 831	15 972	3.46^*	2.55	3.76
误差Error	22	101 596	4 618
总变异Total variation	23	1 319 506