种植密度对雪茄烟膜脂过氧化特性及烟叶质量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同种植密度对雪茄烟叶生理生化特性和品质的影响,确定四川雪茄烟适宜的种植密度,以德雪一号为供试材料,测定了成熟期田间微气候、烟叶膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性和烟叶产质量等指标。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,烟田温湿度增大,烟叶所受光照强度降低。成熟期温度与烟叶膜脂过氧化程度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.52~0.85之间。同一时期内烟叶丙二醛（MDA）含量随种植密度增大呈先降后升趋势,抗氧化酶活性呈先升后降趋势。种植密度为21 000株/hm²时抗氧化酶活性最高,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在打顶后28d达到最高,分别为61.6U/(gFW·min)和123.0U/(mg·min),超氧化物歧化酶活性在打顶后21d达到最高,为755.8U/g,打顶后35d MDA含量为25.3mmol/g,膜脂过氧化程度最低。调制后烟叶总糖含量增至1.86%,烟碱含量为3.02%,钾氯比高达9.21,化学成分较为协调,感官评吸得分最高,烟叶产值与茄衣烟比例较常规种植密度24 000株/hm²分别提升了0.9万元/hm²和7%。综上所述,21 000株/hm²为四川省雪茄烟适宜的种植密度。

关键词: 雪茄烟, 种植密度, 膜脂过氧化, 烟叶质量, 田间微气候

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different planting densities on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and quality of cigar tobacco leaves, determine the appropriate planting density for cigar tobacco planting in Sichuan, Dexue No. 1 was used as the test material to determine the field microclimate, the degree of peroxidation of membrane lipid of tobacco leaves, the activities of related antioxidant enzymes, and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves during the mature period. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the temperature and humidity of tobacco fields increased, and the light intensity of tobacco leaves decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between the temperature and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation of tobacco leaves at the maturity stage, and the correlation coefficient was 0.52-0.85. During the same period, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of tobacco leaves first decreased and then increased with the increase of planting density, and the antioxidant enzyme activity first increased and then decreased. Among them, the antioxidant enzyme activity was the highest when the planting density was 21 000 plants/ha, and the POD and CAT activities reached the highest on day 28 after topping, which were 61.6U/(gFW·min) and 123.0U/(mg·min), respectively. SOD activity was the highest (755.8U/g) on day 21 after topping, the MDA content was 25.3mmol/g on day 35 after topping, and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was the lowest. After modulation, the total sugar content of the tobacco leaves increased to 1.86%, the nicotine content was 3.02%, the potassium-chloride ratio was as high as 9.21, the chemical composition was more coordinated, and the sensory evaluation score was the highest. The ratio of tobacco leaf output and wrapper tobacco was increased by 9000yuan/ha and 7% respectively, compared with the conventional planting density of 24 000 plants/ha. In summary, compared with the conventional planting density of 24 000 plants/ha, 21 000 plants/ha was a suitable planting density of Sichuan cigar tobacco.

Key words: Cigar tobacco, Planting density, Membrane lipid peroxidation, Tobacco leaf quality, Field microclimate

李金奥, 张思唯, 刘博远, 钟秋, 秦艳青, 邹宇航, 赵铭钦. 种植密度对雪茄烟膜脂过氧化特性及烟叶质量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (3): 178–184

Li Jin’ao, Zhang Siwei, Liu Boyuan, Zhong Qiu, Qin Yanqing, Zou Yuhang, Zhao Mingqin. Effects of Planting Density on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Characteristics and Quality of Cigar Tobacco Leaves[J]. Crops, 2021(3): 178–184

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指标Index	处理 Treatment	打顶后天数Days after topping
指标Index	处理 Treatment	7d	14d	21d	28d	35d
温度Air temperature (℃)	T1	30.73c	32.43c	31.93c	35.43c	36.27c
	T2	31.70bc	33.97b	31.97c	36.97b	37.60b
	T3	31.57bc	34.23b	32.43b	37.27ab	37.23b
	T4	31.77b	34.17b	36.53a	37.43a	37.60b
	T5	32.10a	34.60a	36.23a	37.53a	38.90a
相对湿度Relative humidity (%)	T1	54.10a	56.37c	58.43c	55.30d	54.63d
	T2	54.30a	56.20c	59.03b	58.37c	56.77c
	T3	54.03a	56.03c	59.33b	59.43b	57.33b
	T4	54.10a	57.00b	62.10a	59.53b	57.63b
	T5	54.27a	57.47a	61.93a	60.73a	63.20a
光照强度Light intensity [μmol/(m²·s)]	T1	2633.4a	2707.2a	2768.4a	2721.6a	3182.4a
	T2	2269.8ab	2548.8a	2646.0a	2811.6a	2847.6b
	T3	2008.8bc	2413.8ab	2464.2a	2354.4b	2644.2b
	T4	1850.4bc	2125.8bc	2298.6ab	2174.4b	2134.8c
	T5	1717.2c	2005.2c	2109.6b	2322.0b	1947.6c

MDA含量 MDA content	温度 Air temperature	湿度 Relative humidity	光照强度 Light intensity
T1	0.85^**	-0.51	0.76^**
T2	0.79^**	0.04	0.42
T3	0.83^**	0.43	0.51
T4	0.76^**	0.18	0.14
T5	0.52^*	0.39	-0.10

处理 Treatment	总糖 Total sugar (%)	烟碱 Nicotine (%)	总氮 Total nitrogen (%)	钾 Potassium (%)	氯 Chlorine (%)	还原糖 Reducing sugar (%)	钾氯比 Potassium/ chlorine	糖碱比 Sugar/nicotine
T1	1.28b	3.46a	4.02c	3.65a	0.42a	0.61b	8.69a	0.37b
T2	1.85a	3.25ab	4.24bc	2.24b	0.42a	0.67a	5.33b	0.57ab
T3	1.86a	3.02ab	4.45ab	3.50a	0.38a	0.67a	9.21a	0.62a
T4	1.27b	3.07ab	4.64a	2.35b	0.43a	0.67a	5.47b	0.41b
T5	1.21b	2.71b	4.04c	2.29b	0.42a	0.61b	5.45b	0.44b

处理 Treatment	香韵 Odor	劲头 Strength	浓度 Density	香气质 Aroma quality	香气量 Aroma amount	余味 Aftertaste	杂气 Miscellaneous gas	刺激性 Irritating	甜度 Sweetness	灰色 Ash color	总分 Total score
处理 Treatment	香韵 Odor	9-0
T1	木香	5.5	6.0	5.5	5.5	6.0	5.0	5.0	5.5	8.0	5.50
T2	木香	6.0	6.0	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.0	5.0	6.0	8.0	5.65
T3	木香	6.0	6.0	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.0	5.5	5.5	8.0	5.65
T4	木香	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.0	5.5	7.5	5.40
T5	木香	6.0	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.0	5.0	5.5	7.5	5.40

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	均价 (元/kg) Average price (yuan/kg)	产值 (万元/hm²) Value (×10⁴yuan/hm²)	茄衣比例 Wrapper ratio (%)
T1	1404.0b	34.3b	4.8c	21b
T2	1462.5b	37.3ab	5.5b	22b
T3	1587.0ab	39.7a	6.2a	26a
T4	1640.0a	35.7b	5.9a	22b
T5	1557.5ab	33.3b	5.3b	19b