120份大豆种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用覆盖20条染色体的68对多态性引物在120个大豆品种（系）[包括67个中国大豆品种（系）和53个引自美国的品种（系）]进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。结果表明,120份大豆材料具有丰富的遗传多样性（N_a=1.9852,N_e=1.4343,H=0.2776,I=0.4361）;中国大豆比美国引进大豆遗传多样性水平高;7个群体遗传多样性由高到低为,黄淮海地区组>引种资源组>热带亚热带地区组>长江流域地区组>北方春大豆组>西南山区组>鲜食大豆组;7个群体间总遗传多样度（H_t）为0.2807,群体内遗传多样度（H_s）为0.2361,群体间遗传分化系数（G_st）为0.1589,基因流（N_m）为2.6468,群体间存在中低度遗传分化,遗传变异主要存在于群体内部,群体间N_m较丰富;以群体和单个品种（系）为单位进行UPGMA聚类的结果基本一致,部分材料相互交错。大豆种质遗传多样性与地理来源具有一定相关性的同时,不同地区间存在丰富的基因交流;黄淮海地区、西南山区、热带亚热带地区和长江流域地区的大豆材料遗传距离较近;引进大豆、北方春大豆和鲜食大豆与其他群体遗传距离较远,可作为拓宽中国栽培大豆遗传背景的物质遗传基础。

关键词: 大豆, 种质资源, 遗传多样性, SSR

Abstract:

Using 68 SSR markers covering 20 chromosomes, 120 soybean varieties (lines) including 67 Chinese soybean varieties (lines) and 53 introduced soybean varieties (lines) from America were used for genetic diversity and genetic relationship analysis. The results showed that the average values of the number of alleles (N_a), effective alleles (N_e), Nei's gene diversity index (H), and Shannon's information index (I) between the varieties (lines) were 1.9852, 1.4343, 0.2776, and 0.4361, respectively, indicating the genetic diversity of 120 soybean germplasms was high. Genetic diversity in Chinese soybeans was higher than introduced soybeans from America. The genetic diversity index order of the seven populations was Huang-Huai-Hai area group > introduction resource group > tropical and subtropical area group > Yangtze River area group > northern spring soybean group > southwest mountainous group > fresh soybean group. The total genetic diversity (H_t) among all seven populations was 0.2807 while the genetic diversity (H_s) within populations was 0.2361, the coefficient of genetic differentiation (G_st) among populations was 0.1589 and the gene flow (N_m) was 2.6468. Low-medium genetic differentiation was identified among populations while genetic variation mainly existed within each group and gene flow in seven populations was abundant. The results of UPGMA clustering analyses using different populations and individual varieties (lines) as the unit were basically the same and some materials were interlaced in different groups. While soybean germplasms had a certain correlation with geographic origin, there were abundant gene exchanges among different regions. The genetic distances were close between varieties (lines) from the Huang-Huai-Hai area, southwest mountainous areas, tropical and subtropical area, and the Yangtze River area. However, the genetic distance between the varieties (lines) from America, northern spring varieties (lines), and fresh soybean varieties (lines) were distant. In consequence, these materials could provide favorable germplasms for broadening the genetic background.

Key words: Soybean, Germplasm resources, Genetic diversity, SSR

李琼, 常世豪, 武婷婷, 耿臻, 杨青春, 舒文涛, 李金花, 张东辉, 张保亮. 120份大豆种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (4): 51–58

Li Qiong, Chang Shihao, Wu Tingting, Geng Zhen, Yang Qingchun, Shu Wentao, Li Jinhua, Zhang Donghui, Zhang Baoliang. Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship for 120 Soybean Germplasms[J]. Crops, 2021(4): 51–58

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群体Population	品种（系）Cultivar (line)	来源Source
北方大豆组	合交2001-336-7、绥交08-5262、牡602	中国黑龙江
Northern spring soybean group (POP-1)	公交04-489-4	中国吉林
	齐黄35	中国山东
黄淮海地区组	K117-3、中品12585、中作J10153、中黄13	中国北京
Huang-huai-hai area group (POP-2)	晋科1号、汾豆90	中国山西
	宁豆5号	中国宁夏
	沧豆11、石豆6号、邯豆5号	中国河北
	郑豆0689、秋乐1205、濮豆1802、周豆22、许豆0406、驻豆03-16、安豆5156	中国河南
	蒙0804、皖宿1128、益科豆112-1	中国安徽
	潍豆80031、鲁97013-1、菏01-7、济087129、齐黄34、圣豆LU05、南圣43	中国山东
	徐9418-2	中国江苏
长江流域地区组	苏HT012、泗豆209、苏夏13-13、南农56-10、通豆7号	中国江苏
Yangtze River basin area group (POP-3)	兴豆2号、中豆8号、油07-73、天隆一号	中国湖北
	秋乐1302	中国河南
	蒙11-1	中国安徽
鲜食大豆组Fresh soybean group (POP-4)	杭豆3-2、浙9815、浙鲜豆5号、浙09006、杭鲜豆2号	中国浙江
	K丰77-2、开科源特早、辽04M05-4	中国辽宁
西南山区组	安07109	中国贵州
Southwest mountain group (POP-5)	滇豆7号	中国云南
	黔豆2012-1	中国贵州
	贡2026R	中国四川
	粤春2011-2	中国广东
热带亚热带地区组	贡豆723-2	中国四川
Tropical and subtropical area group (POP-6)	华春6号、粤春2010-1、华春2号、粤夏2012-1	中国广东
	桂早1号、桂春豆103、桂147	中国广西
	泉豆7号、泉豆5号	中国福建
引进材料Imported materials (POP-7)	AD01~AD53	美国

编号 No.	引物 Primer	连锁群 Linkage group	多态位点数 Polymorphic locus	PIC值 PIC value	编号 No.	引物 Primer	连锁群 Linkage group	多态位点数 Polymorphic locus	PIC值 PIC value
1	Sat_143	G	4	0.914	35	satt272	B2	2	0.470
2	Sat_292	D2	4	0.871	36	satt279	H	3	0.865
3	Sat_219	I	4	0.911	37	satt286	C2	3	0.865
4	Sat_304	N	4	0.899	38	satt300	A1	3	0.822
5	Sat_282	O	2	0.810	39	satt302	H	2	0.760
6	Sat_271	A1	2	0.826	40	satt307	C2	3	0.869
7	Satt130	G	2	0.991	41	satt309	G	3	0.874
8	Satt132	J	2	0.400	42	satt334	F	2	0.823
9	Satt142	H	2	0.290	43	satt335	F	2	0.786
10	Satt146	F	3	0.883	44	satt338	C1	4	0.904
11	Sat_020	K	3	0.901	45	satt339	N	3	0.891
12	Sat_076	C2	4	0.774	46	satt343	F	5	0.862
13	sat_207	C1	3	0.518	47	satt346	M	2	0.725
14	Sat_342	B2	4	0.915	48	satt373	L	5	0.931
15	Sat_292	D2	3	0.871	49	satt386	D2	2	0.560
16	Satt001	J	4	0.847	50	satt423	F	2	0.805
17	Satt002	D2	3	0.822	51	satt429	A2	2	0.687
18	Satt005	D1b	3	0.822	52	satt431	J	3	0.776
19	Satt022	N	2	0.800	53	satt429	A2	3	0.875
20	Satt168	B2	3	0.577	54	satt434	H	4	0.879
21	Satt182	L	2	0.880	55	satt453	B1	3	0.893
22	Satt184	D1a	3	0.775	56	satt463	M	4	0.899
23	Satt187	A2	2	0.730	57	satt530	N	3	0.873
24	Satt191	G	3	0.748	58	satt553	D2	3	0.869
25	Satt194	C1	2	0.467	59	satt556	B2	3	0.642
26	Satt216	D1b	4	0.900	60	satt565	C1	4	0.893
27	Satt199	G	3	0.855	61	satt571	I	3	0.867
28	Satt197	B1	3	0.840	62	satt573	D2	2	0.768
29	Satt228	A2	3	0.744	63	satt577	B2	3	0.848
30	Satt239	I	2	0.752	64	satt588	K	3	0.821
31	Satt243	O	3	0.823	65	satt590	M	4	0.843
32	satt254	D1a	3	0.764	66	satt599	A1	3	0.895
33	satt257	N	2	0.789	67	satt631	N	4	0.919
34	satt268	D2	4	0.920	68	satt708	C2	3	0.842

群体 Population	N_a	N_e	H	I	多态位点数 Number of polymorphic sites	PPB (%)	H_t	H_s	G_st	基因流N_m
POP-1~POP-6	1.9803	1.4196	0.2710	0.4282	199	98.03
POP-7	1.9261	1.3985	0.2501	0.3916	188	92.61
总体Total	1.9852	1.4343	0.2776	0.4361	200	98.52	0.2807	0.2361	0.1589	2.6468

群体Population	N_a	N_e	H	I
POP-1	1.6749	1.3734	0.2254	0.3430
POP-2	1.9606	1.4208	0.2678	0.4209
POP-3	1.8227	1.3850	0.2403	0.3741
POP-4	1.6798	1.3429	0.2075	0.3194
POP-5	1.6453	1.3611	0.2193	0.3329
POP-6	1.8177	1.3949	0.2424	0.3753
POP-7	1.9261	1.3985	0.2501	0.3916

群体 Population	POP-1	POP-2	POP-3	POP-4	POP-5	POP-6	POP-7
POP-1	*	0.9399	0.9202	0.8992	0.8950	0.9236	0.9485
POP-2	0.0620	*	0.9749	0.9257	0.9533	0.9622	0.9633
POP-3	0.0832	0.0254	*	0.9068	0.9572	0.9576	0.9345
POP-4	0.1062	0.0772	0.0978	*	0.8972	0.8988	0.9205
POP-5	0.1109	0.0478	0.0438	0.1084	*	0.9380	0.9160
POP-6	0.0795	0.0385	0.0434	0.1067	0.0640	*	0.9475
POP-7	0.0529	0.0374	0.0678	0.0829	0.0878	0.0539	*