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作物杂志,2023, 第1期: 226–232 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.034

• 农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于无人机RGB遥感的甘蔗株高估测

梁永检1(), 吴文志2, 施泽升1, 唐利球1, 宋修鹏3, 颜梅新3, 郭强1, 秦昌鲜1, 何洪良1, 张小秋3()   

  1. 1广西南亚热带农业科学研究所，532415，广西龙州
    2广州极飞科技股份有限公司，510000，广东广州
    3广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室，530004，广西南宁
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-25 修回日期:2022-06-15 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 张小秋，主要从事甘蔗病害防控研究，E-mail：ZhangXiaoQiuXHD@163.com
  • 作者简介:梁永检，主要从事甘蔗栽培与遥感研究，E-mail：Yongjianliang_605@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    桂西南甘蔗育种与栽培技术研究团队(桂农科2021YT161);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2020YM145);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2021ZX03);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2022YM29);国家自然科学基金(32001606);广西自然科学基金(2020GXNS FBA297040);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03-04)

Estimation of Sugarcane Plant Height Based on UAV RGB Remote Sensing

Liang Yongjian1(), Wu Wenzhi2, Shi Zesheng1, Tang Liqiu1, Song Xiupeng3, Yan Meixin3, Guo Qiang1, Qin Changxian1, He Hongliang1, Zhang Xiaoqiu3()   

  1. 1Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, Guangxi, China
    2Guangzhou Jifei Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
    3Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2021-09-25 Revised:2022-06-15 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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摘要：

为快速准确地估测甘蔗不同生育期株高，探讨了无人机RGB系统遥感估算株高的可行性及效果。利用无人机RGB遥感平台，获取苗期、分蘖期、伸长中、后期和工艺成熟期的影像，通过Pix4D mapper生成数字表面模型（digital surface model，DSM），采用Eris Arcmap提取株高，基于DSM提取的株高与实测株高建立各生育期的估测模型，采用决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和平均相对误差（MRE）对模型进行评价。结果表明，基于DSM提取甘蔗各生育期的株高高于实测株高；全生育期模型拟合性最好，预测精度较高（验证集R2、RMSE和MRE分别为0.9611、0.1623和0.1102），苗期株高模型预测精度最高。其他各生育期模型的拟合性不及全生育期和苗期，精度较低，工艺成熟期模型的预测精度最低，拟合性最差。因此，基于无人机RGB遥感平台获取甘蔗不同生育期影像后通过DSM提取株高并运用于甘蔗重要生育期株高的估测时，注意不同生育期模型的适用性。

关键词: 无人机, 遥感, 甘蔗, 株高

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of sugarcane plant height estimation based on UAV RGB remote sensing, and get the estimate sugarcane plant height quickly and correctly at various growth stages. Images of sugarcane at several growth phases, including seedling, tillering, mid- elongation, late-elongation and maturation were collected using the UAV RGB remote sensing platform. The digital surface model (DSM) was generated by the software of Pix4D mapper and the plant height was extracted by the software of Eris Arcmap. The estimation models of plant height based on DSM and actual measurement at different growth stages were established. Coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) were used to evaluate the models. The results showed that the plant height extracted based on DSM at each growth stage was higher than that of actual measurement. The estimation model of whole growth season had the best fit and high prediction accuracy with R2 of 0.9611, RMSE of 0.1623 and MRE of 0.1102 in validation data set. The estimation model of seedling stage had the highest prediction accuracy, whereas the fits of other estimation models less than that of whole growth season and seedling stage, and their accuracies were also lower. The estimation model of maturity stage had the lowest accuracy and the worst fit. Therefore, it should be paid an attention to the applicability of plant height prediction model at different growth stages when estimate sugarcane plant height via extracting plant height from DSM images acquired based on UAV RGB remote sensing.

Key words: UAV, Remote sensing, Sugarcane, Plant height

表1

极侠-XMISSION无人机主要技术参数

参数Parameter 数值/类型Value/pattern
质量（含桨和电池）
Weight (includes paddle and battery) (kg)		 2.25
轴距Wheel base (mm) 492
续航时间
Time of endurance (min)		 35
定位系统Positioning system GNSS
定位精度PositionaI accuracy

 垂直1.5cm+1ppm（RMS），水平1cm+ 1ppm（RMS）(1ppm是指飞行器每移动1km误差增加1mm)

表2

无人机遥感采集数据及Pix4D mapper拼接主要参数

参数Parameter 数值Value
仿地飞行高度Ground-like altitude (m) 45
航向、旁向重叠率Rate of course, lateral overlap (%) 75
影像数量Number of images 145
空间分辨率Spatial resolution (cm) 1.38
影像比例Image scale factor 1/2（多比例）
彩色影像传感器尺寸
Size of color image sensor (mm×mm)		 13.133×8.755

图1

遥感与人工塔尺测量甘蔗株高示意图（基于三维点云数据构建） a：塔尺测量的株高，b：遥感测量的株高

图2

基于DSM提取的甘蔗株高和DOM图 a~f：DOM图，g~l：DSM图。a、g：种植期；b、h：苗期；c、i：分蘖期；d、j：伸长中期；e、k：伸长后期；f、l：工艺成熟期

表3

甘蔗不同生育期实测株高的描述性统计分析

生育期
Growth stage		 样本数
Number of samples		 最小值
Minimum (m)		 最大值
Maximum (m)		 平均值
Mean (m)		 标准差
Standard deviation (m)
苗期（5月）Seedling stage (May) 150 0.22 0.51 0.35 0.0737
分蘖期（6月）Tillering stage (June) 150 0.63 1.94 1.23 0.2468
伸长中期（8月）Mid-elongation stage (August) 150 0.89 2.07 1.51 0.2737
伸长后期（9月）Late-elongation stage (September) 150 1.43 3.12 2.24 0.3258
工艺成熟期（11月）Maturity stage (November) 150 1.58 3.15 2.47 0.3550
全生育期Whole growth stage 750 0.22 3.15 1.56 0.8074

表4

甘蔗不同生育期基于DSM提取株高的描述性统计分析

生育期
Growth stage		 样本数
Number of samples		 最小值
Minimum (m)		 最大值
Maximum (m)		 平均值
Mean (m)		 标准差
Standard deviation (m)
苗期（5月）Seedling stage (May) 150 0.34 0.89 0.68 0.1088
分蘖期（6月）Tillering stage (June) 150 1.21 2.39 1.74 0.2885
伸长中期（8月）Mid-elongation stage (August) 150 1.30 2.72 2.03 0.2912
伸长后期（9月）Late-elongation stage (September) 150 2.01 3.83 2.75 0.3657
工艺成熟期（11月）Maturity stage (November) 150 1.82 3.59 3.00 0.3427
全生育期Whole growth stage 750 0.34 3.83 2.04 0.8714

表5

甘蔗各生育期基于DSM取株高与实测株高的回归模型

生育期
Growth stage		 一元线性回归模型
Simple linear
regression model		 建模集
Calibration set		 验证集
Validation set
R2 RMSE (m) MRE R2 RMSE (m) MRE
苗期（5月）Seedling stage (May) y=0.6203x-0.0782 0.8729 0.3419 0.3386 0.7387 0.0411 0.0344
分蘖期（6月）Tillering stage (June) y=0.7327x-0.0414 0.7804 0.5286 0.5113 0.8288 0.2854 0.1280
伸长中期（8月）Mid-elongation stage (August) y=0.8940x-0.2867 0.7813 0.5110 0.5042 0.7693 0.1554 0.1290
伸长后期（9月）Late-elongation stage (September) y=0.8666x-0.1058 0.7642 0.5059 0.4750 0.7846 0.2256 0.1621
工艺成熟期（11月）Maturity stage (November) y=0.8726x-0.1467 0.6863 0.5675 0.5380 0.6681 0.2066 0.1444
全生育期Whole growth season y=0.9229x-0.3131 0.9670 0.4980 0.4738 0.9611 0.1623 0.1102

图3

基于DSM提取的株高与实测值散点图

图4

甘蔗不同生育期株高实测值与估测值散点图

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