作物杂志,2024, 第3期: 231–237 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.031

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

栽插密度和EBR浓度对甘薯鲜薯产量和品质的影响

罗元凯(), 李染秋, 李宜蒙, 唐维, 刘亚菊()   

  1. 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,221131,江苏徐州
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-26 修回日期:2023-07-06 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘亚菊,主要从事甘薯分子育种和植物品种测试技术研究,E-mail:yajuliu@jaas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:罗元凯,主要从事甘薯栽培和植物品种测试技术研究,E-mail:20201014@jaas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    徐州市重点研发(现代农业)项目(KC21116)

Effects of Planting Density and EBR Concentration on the Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato

Luo Yuankai(), Li Ranqiu, Li Yimeng, Tang Wei, Liu Yaju()   

  1. Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-04-26 Revised:2023-07-06 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

摘要:

为了进一步探究提升甘薯产量和品质的方法,以及为北方地区甘薯的丰产栽培配套技术提供理论参数,通过设计栽插密度和24-表油菜素甾醇(EBR)喷施浓度双因子耦合,研究其对甘薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,相同的栽插密度下,低浓度和高浓度的EBR都不利于甘薯产量、SPAD值、Fv/Fm的提升,而较高栽插密度和适当的EBR浓度有利于甘薯产量和光合特性的提升,栽插密度为67 500株/hm2,喷施150 L/hm2浓度为0.10 mg/L的EBR时鲜薯产量最大。适当的EBR浓度有利于甘薯整体品质的提升,适度地提高栽插密度有利于增加甘薯的还原糖、蛋白质和淀粉含量,但是会降低可溶性糖含量。合适的栽插密度和EBR喷施浓度耦合有利于提升甘薯的商品率和薯块的干物质含量,而对甘薯表型性状影响不显著,且对单株结薯数无明显影响。光合特性对甘薯的部分品质影响显著,制约甘薯产量的主导因子是淀粉含量(0.694),其次是还原糖含量(0.672)和最长蔓长(0.667),而分枝数这一因素对产量影响最小,其关联度仅为0.511,且在较高的栽插密度和EBR浓度时,甘薯的产量和质量指标的变化更均匀稳定。

关键词: 甘薯, 密度, EBR, 鲜薯产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to further explore the methods to improve the yield and quality of sweet potato, and provide theoretical parameters for the high-yield cultivation technology of sweet potato in northern China, the impacts of planting density and EBR (24-epibrassinolide) spraying concentration on the yield and quality of sweet potato were studied through the coupling of two factors. The results showed that, under the same planting density, low and high concentrations of EBR were not conducive to the increase of sweet potato yield, SPAD value, Fv/Fm, while high planting density and appropriate concentration of EBR were conducive to the increase of sweet potato yield and photosynthetic characteristics. The planting density was 67 500 plants/ha, and the fresh sweet potato yield was the highest when 150 L/ha of EBR with a concentration of 0.10 mg/L was sprayed. Proper concentration of EBR was conducive to the improvement of the overall quality of sweet potato. Proper increase of cultivation density was conducive to the increase of reducing sugar, protein and starch contents of sweet potato, but would reduce the soluble sugar content. The coupling of appropriate planting density and EBR spraying concentration was beneficial for improving the commercial rates and dry matter contents of sweet potato, but it had no significant impact on the phenotypic traits of sweet potato and had no significant effect on the number of tubers per plant. The main factor restricting the yield of sweet potato was starch content (0.694), followed by reducing sugar content (0.672) and the longest vine length (0.667), while the number of branches had the smallest impact on the yield, and its correlation degree was only 0.511. Moreover, at higher cultivation density and EBR concentration, the yield and quality indicators of sweet potato changed more evenly and stably.

Key words: Sweet potato, Density, EBR, Fresh sweet potato yield, Quality

表1

甘薯栽插密度和EBR浓度的裂区设计

处理
Treatment
EBR浓度
EBR concentration (mg/L)
密度(株/hm2
Density (plant/hm2)
B1D1 0.00 37 500
B2D1 0.02 37 500
B3D1 0.10 37 500
B4D1 0.50 37 500
B1D2 0.00 52 500
B2D2 0.02 52 500
B3D2 0.10 52 500
B4D2 0.50 52 500
B1D3 0.00 67 500
B2D3 0.02 67 500
B3D3 0.10 67 500
B4D3 0.50 67 500

表2

密度和EBR耦合对甘薯鲜薯产量和光合特性的影响

处理
Treatment
产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
SPAD值
SPAD value
Fv/Fm
B1D1 12 947.65±643.22g 37.23±0.80e 0.72±0.00cd
B2D1 13 977.57±581.02g 44.37±0.76b 0.77±0.00a
B3D1 16 478.82±819.57e 37.00±1.21e 0.74±0.01bc
B4D1 10 593.53±270.96h 40.63±0.65d 0.71±0.01de
B1D2 14 124.71±325.17g 36.73±0.38e 0.68±0.01gh
B2D2 15 448.90±794.37f 42.40±0.60c 0.77±0.00a
B3D2 17 784.82±668.08d 40.73±0.25d 0.70±0.02ef
B4D2 11 476.32±496.67h 38.10±0.72e 0.67±0.02h
B1D3 18 244.41±609.37d 38.20±1.35e 0.62±0.01i
B2D3 20 010.00±532.63c 46.07±0.46a 0.74±0.01b
B3D3 23 688.31±707.28a 42.43±0.29c 0.73±0.01cd
B4D3 21 628.46±420.58b 40.27±0.75d 0.69±0.00fg
FF-value
B 114.56** 129.19** 132.11**
D 531.86** 30.97** 43.31**
B×D 19.94** 13.20** 18.50**

表3

密度和EBR耦合对甘薯鲜薯块根品质的影响

处理
Treatment
蛋白质含量
Protein
content
还原糖含量
Reducing
sugar content
可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar
content
淀粉含量
Starch
content
B1D1 27.29±1.24e 1.19±0.07d 42.67±1.18a 235.80±4.17f
B2D1 30.25±1.09d 1.87±0.10a 41.01±1.51ab 293.70±5.71cd
B3D1 31.71±0.58d 1.30±0.05cd 37.51±2.16c 277.94±6.45e
B4D1 24.51±0.46f 0.92±0.05e 23.09±0.85f 239.61±5.71f
B1D2 33.66±1.05c 1.38±0.07c 39.12±1.02bc 284.56±4.94de
B2D2 35.44±0.70ab 1.87±0.11a 30.09±0.87e 297.27±5.73c
B3D2 36.14±0.91a 1.29±0.08cd 28.37±0.75e 279.65±4.97e
B4D2 31.21±0.67d 1.31±0.05cd 27.51±0.72e 272.48±4.78e
B1D3 23.18±0.65f 1.39±0.05c 41.18±1.07ab 284.69±4.97de
B2D3 31.68±0.95d 1.79±0.07ab 35.18±0.92d 334.19±5.82a
B3D3 34.09±0.60bc 1.68±0.06b 28.83±0.82e 316.86±5.68b
B4D3 27.60±0.49e 1.27±0.04cd 27.82±0.72e 215.01±3.74g
FF-value
B 131.91** 159.66** 279.99** 266.17**
D 171.81** 29.15** 55.32** 83.53**
B×D 19.34** 13.23** 34.36** 66.07**

表4

密度和EBR耦合对甘薯农艺性状的影响

处理
Treatment
分枝数
Number of
branches
最长蔓长
Longest vine
length (cm)
茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)
单株结薯数
Number of tubers
per plant
商品薯率
Commercial potato
rate (%)
薯块干率
Dry rate of sweet
potato tubers (%)
B1D1 12.80±1.30abc 109.67±19.60abc 4.48±0.07abcd 4.40±0.89a 0.89±0.02ab 0.28±0.00d
B2D1 13.25±7.50ab 123.33±27.06ab 5.18±0.56a 3.60±1.14a 0.92±0.02a 0.32±0.00b
B3D1 10.50±2.06abc 112.40±8.92abc 4.66±0.19abcd 4.20±1.92a 0.89±0.02ab 0.33±0.01ab
B4D1 12.80±2.28abc 105.67±14.57abc 4.96±0.33abc 4.80±1.64a 0.85±0.02cd 0.28±0.00d
B1D2 11.20±2.59abc 92.00±7.21c 4.37±0.04bcd 4.40±1.52a 0.78±0.02e 0.33±0.00b
B2D2 13.80±3.83a 128.00±4.58a 5.02±0.22ab 3.60±1.34a 0.91±0.02a 0.33±0.00ab
B3D2 8.00±1.87c 96.00±11.36bc 4.18±0.09d 3.20±1.30a 0.90±0.02a 0.29±0.01d
B4D2 9.40±3.44abc 90.25±12.72c 4.64±0.16abcd 3.80±2.17a 0.82±0.01d 0.30±0.01c
B1D3 8.25±2.05abc 122.67±6.66ab 4.29±0.29cd 3.80±0.84a 0.82±0.01d 0.33±0.01b
B2D3 10.20±0.84abc 111.67±11.06abc 4.78±0.16abcd 4.40±1.14a 0.89±0.02ab 0.34±0.00a
B3D3 8.80±4.15bc 124.00±17.44ab 4.36±0.87bcd 3.80±0.84a 0.86±0.02bc 0.32±0.00b
B4D3 8.80±2.17bc 106.33±19.50abc 4.69±0.45abcd 3.80±0.84a 0.82±0.01d 0.32±0.00b
FF-value
B 2.58 2.89 5.86** 0.39 53.58** 42.17**
D 5.07* 3.20 2.30 0.68 17.54** 75.66**
B×D 0.66 1.62 0.25 0.60 8.20** 46.12**

表5

密度和EBR对甘薯各项指标的相关性分析

指标Index B D
X1 -0.192 0.778**
X2 -0.123 0.272
X3 -0.259 -0.368
X4 -0.314 0.071
X5 -0.560 0.302
X6 -0.747** -0.181
X7 -0.595* 0.326
X8 -0.172 -0.681*
X9 -0.445 0.113
X10 0.200 0.396
X11 0.135 -0.281
X12 -0.393 -0.350
X13 -0.340 0.513

表6

甘薯产量、品质和光合特性的相关性

处理Treatment X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X12 X13
X1 1.000
X2 0.358 1.000
X3 0.005 0.606* 1.000
X4 0.220 0.235 0.459 1.000
X5 0.379 0.683* 0.551 0.496 1.000
X6 -0.067 -0.211 -0.031 -0.167 0.257 1.000
X7 0.328 0.536 0.300 0.530 0.768** 0.181 1.000
X8 0.052 0.541 0.798** 0.335 0.461 0.086 0.304 1.000
X9 0.543 0.282 0.14 0.223 0.684* 0.280 0.555 -0.059 1.000

表7

甘薯产量和品质指标的变异系数分析

处理Treatment X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X12 X13
B1D1 4.97 2.15 0.49 4.54 5.73 2.76 1.77 2.00 1.54
B2D1 4.16 1.72 0.46 3.59 5.22 3.67 1.95 1.90 0.97
B3D1 4.97 3.28 1.02 1.81 3.89 5.77 2.32 1.74 2.56
B4D1 2.56 1.60 1.12 1.86 5.91 3.67 2.38 2.00 0.89
B1D2 2.30 1.03 1.25 3.11 4.88 2.60 1.73 1.92 1.11
B2D2 5.14 1.42 0.58 1.97 5.89 2.90 1.93 2.08 0.92
B3D2 3.76 0.62 2.64 2.52 5.85 2.64 1.78 1.75 2.12
B4D2 4.33 1.89 3.14 2.14 3.76 2.60 1.75 1.79 1.65
B1D3 3.34 3.54 0.96 2.80 3.69 2.60 1.75 1.76 2.18
B2D3 2.66 1.00 0.87 3.00 3.80 2.61 1.74 1.75 0.87
B3D3 2.99 0.68 1.31 1.77 3.68 2.83 1.79 1.76 1.11
B4D3 1.94 1.86 0.58 1.78 3.48 2.60 1.74 1.73 1.22

表8

各指标对甘薯产量的灰色关联分析

X1 (CK) X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13
X2 0.705 0.588 0.756 0.903 0.394 0.845 0.432 0.605 0.641 0.500 0.571 0.746
X3 0.561 0.586 0.699 0.412 0.459 0.606 0.445 0.541 0.543 0.865 0.602 0.648
X4 0.779 0.925 0.913 0.760 0.738 0.986 0.941 0.962 0.999 0.871 0.922 0.888
X5 0.465 0.470 0.670 0.979 0.886 0.592 0.360 0.501 0.425 0.359 0.484 0.557
X6 0.871 0.778 0.568 0.768 0.508 0.660 0.624 0.921 0.798 0.565 0.884 0.642
X7 0.747 0.686 0.592 0.467 0.873 0.713 0.471 0.590 0.693 0.889 0.732 0.759
X8 0.804 0.757 0.767 0.621 0.566 0.799 0.483 0.593 0.630 0.525 0.884 0.644
X9 0.563 0.568 0.494 0.601 0.725 0.528 0.634 0.727 0.511 0.553 0.557 0.541
X10 0.652 0.568 0.468 0.678 0.736 0.780 0.479 1.000 0.625 0.661 0.660 0.806
X11 0.797 0.640 0.628 0.929 0.644 0.946 0.542 0.600 0.621 0.727 0.620 0.671
X12 0.441 0.422 0.485 0.530 0.347 0.506 0.335 0.493 0.381 0.388 0.411 0.430
X13 0.492 0.472 0.428 0.415 0.389 0.363 0.387 0.467 0.503 0.460 0.459 0.520
灰色关联度Correlation degree 0.656 0.622 0.622 0.672 0.605 0.694 0.511 0.667 0.614 0.614 0.649 0.654
[1] 李育明. 中国甘薯种质资源遗传多样性分析及高淀粉轮回选择群体改良研究. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2007.
[2] 田欢. 9个食用型甘薯品种块根农艺性状鉴定及其品质关键因子分析. 重庆: 西南大学, 2020.
[3] Divi U K, Krishna P. Brassinosteroid: a biotechnological target for enhancing crop yield and stress tolerance. New Biotechnology, 2009, 26(3):131-136.
[4] 朱纯祥, 董俊涛, 黄成根, 等. 油菜素(芸苔素)内脂在几种作物上的应用效果. 安徽农学通报, 2002(1):43-45.
[5] Filek M, Sieprawska A, Kościelniak J, et al. The role of chloroplasts in the oxidative stress that is induced by zearalenone in wheat plants-The functions of 24-epibrassinolide and selenium in the protective mechanisms. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019, 137:84-92.
[6] Mujahid H, Wang Z, Mo Y, et al. Influence of exogenous 28- homobrassinolide optimized dosage and edah application on hormone status, grain filling, and maize production. Processes, 2022, 10(6):1118-1118.
[7] Chen Y L, Ge J F, Liu Y, et al. 24-epibrassnolide alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on rice grain yield through enhanced antioxidant enzyme and improved K+/Na+ homeostasis. Agronomy, 2022, 12(10):2499-2499.
[8] 段文学, 汪进丽, 张海燕, 等. 栽插方式和密度对鲜食型甘薯品种干物质积累分配、块根产量及品质的影响. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4):167-174.
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.024
[9] 李平芳, 王红梅, 张艳丽, 等. 不同密度、氮磷钾配比对甘薯产量和商品率的影响. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(33):41-49.
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0163
[10] 唐忠厚, 李洪民, 李强, 等. 基于近红外光谱技术预测甘薯块根淀粉与糖类物质含量. 江苏农业学报, 2013, 29(6):1260- 1265.
[11] 闫会, 李强, 张允刚, 等. 基因型和栽插密度对甘薯农艺性状及结薯习性的影响. 西南农业学报, 2017, 30(8) :1739-1745.
[12] 王丽君, 李冬, 申洪涛, 等. 油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长生理及光合特性的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 48(11):33-41.
[13] 孙玉珺, 吴玥, 马德志, 等. 外源油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下玉米发芽及幼苗生理特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(3):119-128.
[14] 骆炳山. 油菜素内酯对大豆生长及结实性的影响. 植物生理学通讯, 1986(2):14-17.
[15] 郭奇珍. 新型植物激素——油菜素内酯. 植物生理学通讯, 1983(2):7-13.
[16] 刘明, 李洪民, 张爱君, 等. 不同氮肥与密度水平对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(1):122-130.
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190278
[17] 宋冠华, 冉梦莲, 冷二露. 24-表油菜素内酯对紫甘薯产量及品质的影响. 现代农业, 2014(9):99-101.
[18] 张小贝, 祝志欣, 南文卓, 等. 2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对菜用甘薯抗寒生理生化的影响. 安徽农业大学学报, 2017, 44(3):525-529.
[19] 刘中华, 许泳清, 邱永祥, 等. 栽培密度对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状及产量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2016, 37(8):1452-1457.
[1] 郭海斌, 张军刚, 王文文, 薛志伟, 许海涛, 冯晓曦, 王斌功, 王成业. 夏玉米光合特性、根系生长和产量对砂姜黑土深松增密的响应[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 109–118
[2] 刘跃, 贾永红, 于月华, 张金汕, 王润琪, 李丹丹, 石书兵. 北疆氮肥运筹对花生生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 119–126
[3] 陈碧伟, 鞠玺凯, 孙一鸣, 李清华, 刘庆, 曾路生. 不同时期干旱对淀粉型甘薯产量形成及淀粉糊化特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 141–147
[4] 易琴, 黄苗, 杨国涛, 胡运高, 陈虹, 王学春. 有机无机肥配施对四川地区油菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 163–167
[5] 刘亚军, 逯昀, 王文静, 胡启国, 储凤丽, 李志杰. 有机肥与土壤调理剂对连作甘薯生长发育及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 168–174
[6] 欧昆鹏, 王学礼, 王艳, 何明慧, 黄廉康, 郑德波, 林茜. 氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对粉葛光合特性及产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 216–222
[7] 谢章书, 谢学方, 周成轩, 许豆豆, 李佳芮, 屠小菊, 刘爱玉, 李飞, 巩养仓, 贺云新, 魏尚职, 吴碧波, 周仲华. 一种新型棉花种子球化技术及其对棉花出苗、产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (3): 257–264
[8] 孙通, 杨玉双, 马瑞琦, 朱英杰, 常旭虹, 董志强, 赵广才. 聚糠萘合剂和乙矮合剂对小麦抗倒伏能力、产量与品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (2): 113–121
[9] 徐哲莉, 朱伟旗, 王立涛, 史峰, 韦志英, 王丽娜, 邱红伟, 张晓英, 李辉利. 灌水及叶面施氮对晚播小麦产量、品质及光合特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (2): 139–147
[10] 杜清福, 商丽丽, 吕家豪, 张瑞清, 姚建刚, 邱鹏飞, 赵建伟, 何绍贞. 不同光照强度对甘薯光合特性和开花的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (2): 172–177
[11] 解梦凡, 贾海江, 曲远凯, 农世英, 李俊霖, 王杰, 刘力玮, 闫慧峰. 种植密度和氮肥用量对百色烟区烤烟叶片发育及烟叶产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (2): 189–197
[12] 陈林, 姚晓华, 姚有华, 白羿雄, 吴昆仑. 青藏高原青稞品种籽粒外观和品质性状的多样性分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (2): 213–220
[13] 李红艳, 姚晓华, 姚有华, 李新, 吴昆仑. 麦类作物蓝粒性状遗传与调控机制研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (2): 9–14
[14] 季平, 刘金龙, 柳浩, 匡佳丽, 叶世河, 龙莎, 杨洪涛, 彭勃, 徐晨, 刘晓龙. 抽穗期高温胁迫对不同水稻品种产量构成和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (1): 117–125
[15] 周镇磊, 刘建明, 曹东, 刘宝龙, 王东霞, 张怀刚. 不同燕麦品种草产量、农艺性状和饲草品质的比较[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (1): 132–140
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!