施氮量与种植密度对海岛棉铃叶系统抗氧化特性的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在南疆自然生态条件下，以‘新78’为材料，采用双因素裂区试验设计，主区设置3种种植密度，分别为2.0×10⁵（M20）、2.4×10⁵（M24）、2.8×10⁵株/hm²（M28），裂区共设4个施氮水平，分别为0（N0）、160（N1）、320（N2）、480 kg/hm²（N3），旨在利用海岛棉源库协调性阐明利于海岛棉的种植密度和施氮量最优组合，为建立新疆海岛棉高产优质栽培技术提供科学依据。结果表明，施氮能提高对位叶的相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值），并显著增强棉铃与其对位叶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，降低丙二醛（MDA）含量，但N2与N3处理之间差异不大；在花后第50天，与N0相比，施氮处理棉铃与其对位叶SOD活性增幅分别为2.5%~7.5%与3.9%~7.8%，POD活性增幅分别为8.3%~22.0%与2.4%~16.1%。增密处理降低棉铃与其对位叶中SOD、POD活性并增加MDA含量，但对SPAD值影响不大；在花后第50天，M20的棉铃与其对位叶SOD活性较M24分别增加了3.1%与0.6%，较M28分别增加了5.2%与3.5%，POD活性较M28分别增加了3.5%与1.4%。M20N2与M24N2处理组合表现出较强的抗氧化能力，M24N2组合皮棉产量与籽棉产量最高，较其他处理组合的增幅分别为1.5%~43.7%与3.1%~45.6%。综上，M24N2组合海岛棉源库协同抗氧化能力强，籽棉与皮棉的产量均达到了峰值，因此施氮量320 kg/hm²且密度2.4×10⁵株/hm²更适宜南疆地区海岛棉的种植。

关键词: 海岛棉, 种植密度, 施氮量, 铃叶系统, 抗氧化特性

Abstract:

Under the natural ecological conditions of southern Xinjiang, with ’Xin 78’ as the material, a two-factor split-plot experiment was adopted, with three planting densities in the main plot (M20: 20×10⁴ plants/ha, M24: 24×10⁴ plants/ha, M28: 28×10⁴ plants/ha) and four nitrogen application levels in the sub-plot (N0: 0 kg/ha, N1: 160 kg/ha, N2: 320 kg/ha, N3: 480 kg/ha), aiming to clarify the optimal combination of planting density and nitrogen application rate of Gossypium barbadense L. by using the coordination of sea island cotton source and reservoir, and to provide a scientific basis for the construction of high-yield and high-quality cultivation technology of Xinjiang sea island cotton. The results showed that nitrogen application could increase the SPAD value of subtending leaves, significantly enhance the activities of SOD and POD of cotton boll and subtending leaves, and reduce the content of MDA, but there was no significant difference between N2 and N3 treatments. On the 50th day after anthesis, compared with N0, the SOD activities of cotton boll and subtending leaf increased by 2.5%-7.5% and 3.9%-7.8%, respectively, and the POD increased by 8.3%-22.0% and 2.4%-16.1%, respectively. On the 50th day after anthesis, the SOD activities of cotton bolls and subtending leaves of M20 increased by 3.1% and 0.6% than that of M24, and increased by 5.2% and 3.5% than that of M28, respectively, and the POD activities increased by 3.5% and 1.4% than that of M28, respectively. The combined treatment of M20N2 and M24N2 showed strong antioxidant capacity, and the lint yield and seed cotton yield of M24N2 combination were the highest, with an increase of 1.5%-43.7% and 3.1%-45.6%, respectively, compared with other combined treatments. In summary, the synergistic antioxidant capacity of the sea island cotton source and reservoir were strong, and the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton reached the peak under the M24N2 combination treatment, so the nitrogen application rate of 320 kg/ha and the density of 2.4×10⁵ plants/ha were more suitable for the planting of sea island cotton in southern Xinjiang.

Key words: Gossypium barbadense L., Planting density, Nitrogen application rate, Bell-leaf system, Antioxidant properties

张承洁, 王丽, 胡浩然, 宁丽云, 吴一帆, 张巨松. 施氮量与种植密度对海岛棉铃叶系统抗氧化特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (4): 164–172

Zhang Chengjie, Wang Li, Hu Haoran, Ning Liyun, Wu Yifan, Zhang Jusong. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Antioxidant Properties of Boll-Leaf System in Gossypium barbadense L.[J]. Crops, 2025(4): 164–172

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土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	pH
0~10	4.622	0.335	13.776	9.06	53.88	8.62
10~20	9.785	0.597	25.294	25.36	97.68	8.76
20~30	11.176	0.705	47.563	40.20	130.80	8.35
30~40	8.305	0.494	30.203	13.13	91.92	8.53
40~50	8.570	0.376	23.735	10.18	106.12	8.59
50~60	9.528	0.722	35.710	30.23	116.67	8.67
60~70	8.933	0.680	26.751	16.96	110.62	8.88
70~80	6.323	0.336	10.887	13.02	101.46	8.52

处理 Treatment	底肥 Base fertilizer	日期（月-日）Date (month-day)								总量 Total
处理 Treatment	底肥 Base fertilizer	06-19	06-27	07-04	07-11	07-19	07-27	08-05	08-14	总量 Total
N0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N1	0	0	8	16	32	48	32	16	8	160
N2	64	12.8	25.6	38.4	51.2	51.2	38.4	25.6	12.8	320
N3	96	38.4	38.4	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.6	38.4	38.4	480

种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	收获株数 Number of plants harvested (/hm²)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
M20	N0	178 137.65c	8.29cde	2.96a	33.94ab	4410.13d	1493.14cd
	N1	180 836.71c	8.90abcd	3.17a	33.99a	5105.85bcd	1737.58bcd
	N2	180 161.94c	10.27a	3.03a	33.07bc	5609.19abc	1857.32abcd
	N3	179 487.18c	9.86ab	3.08a	33.35abc	5467.91abcd	1822.17abcd
M24	N0	223 346.83b	7.91cde	2.62bc	33.48abc	4617.89cd	1542.42cd
	N1	224 696.36b	7.60de	3.08a	33.11abc	5239.37abcd	1735.25bcd
	N2	222 672.06b	9.26abc	3.07a	33.89ab	6329.30a	2143.50a
	N3	224 021.60b	8.35bcde	3.03a	33.25abc	5655.41abc	1881.20abc
M28	N0	249 662.62a	7.51de	2.46c	32.01bc	4598.71cd	1473.33d
	N1	242 240.22a	7.32e	2.99a	31.70c	5278.54abcd	1672.56cd
	N2	245 614.04a	8.52bcde	2.98a	33.23abc	6242.89ab	2074.55ab
	N3	244 264.51a	8.46bcde	2.92bc	34.33a	6045.35ab	2080.52ab
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)		ns	**	**	ns	**	**
种植密度Planting density (M)		*	**	*	ns	ns	ns
施氮量×密度 Nitrogen application rate×Planting density (N×M)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half (mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific strengthat break (cN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation (%)	马克隆值 Micron value	纺织参数 Textile parameter
M20	N0	39.27ab	90.07ab	47.88a	7.93ab	4.03ab	238.00abc
	N1	39.60ab	90.77ab	48.23a	8.33ab	4.30a	238.00abc
	N2	39.80a	91.30ab	48.90a	8.37ab	4.07ab	238.67ab
	N3	40.00a	90.17ab	47.84a	8.77a	4.10ab	251.00a
M24	N0	37.77bc	89.83ab	44.51ab	7.67b	4.17ab	220.33cd
	N1	39.37ab	90.47ab	46.16ab	7.80b	3.80b	238.00abc
	N2	39.47ab	91.33ab	46.81ab	8.43ab	4.13ab	234.67abc
	N3	39.87a	90.80ab	44.95ab	8.43ab	4.20ab	229.33bc
M28	N0	37.37c	89.13b	42.67b	8.40ab	4.23a	210.67d
	N1	38.83abc	90.90ab	45.17ab	8.47ab	4.30a	227.33bcd
	N2	39.03abc	91.83a	46.63ab	8.37ab	4.03ab	249.33a
	N3	38.93abc	91.60a	44.60ab	8.67a	4.27a	238.00abc
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)		*	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
种植密度Planting density (M)		ns	ns	**	ns	ns	*