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作物杂志,2025, 第6期: 216–224 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.027

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同供磷水平和品种对工业大麻形态生理特征的影响

董晓慧1(), 景玉良1(), 刘立超1, 王翠玲2, 张利国3, 孙露宏4   

  1. 1 黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院， 152000， 黑龙江绥化
    2 黑龙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全研究所， 150000， 黑龙江哈尔滨
    3 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所， 150000， 黑龙江哈尔滨
    4 桦川县农产品质量检测中心， 154000， 黑龙江佳木斯
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23 修回日期:2024-06-13 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-12
  • 通讯作者: 景玉良，研究方向为农作物栽培与育种，E-mail：jyl7007@163.com
  • 作者简介:董晓慧，研究方向为农作物栽培育种，E-mail：252670936@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程——经济作物突破性新品种选育及产业化应用(GX23GG04)

Effects of Different Phosphorus Supply Levels and Varieties on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Industrial Hemp

Dong Xiaohui1(), Jing Yuliang1(), Liu Lichao1, Wang Cuiling2, Zhang Liguo3, Sun Luhong4   

  1. 1 Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua 152000, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
    3 Economic Crop Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
    4 Huachuan County Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Center, Jiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2024-05-23 Revised:2024-06-13 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

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摘要：

以3个工业大麻品种（Mountain Mango、Victory Haze和Rewined S1）为试验材料，采用随机完全区组设计，设置4个不同供磷水平（0、40、80和120 mg/kg），研究了不同供磷水平和品种对工业大麻的生长、根系形态、生理指标、根际羧酸盐渗出、养分吸收和磷利用率的影响。结果表明，工业大麻的生长、根系形态、生理指标、养分吸收和磷利用率受品种和不同供磷水平的影响较大。在缺磷条件下，工业大麻根际主要释放柠檬酸盐，随着供磷水平的增加逐渐转向苹果酸盐渗出。Mountain Mango和Rewined S1在维持光合作用、生长形态和生理适应方面存在差异。Mountain Mango的叶片叶绿素含量较高，根长较长，而Rewined S1的细胞间CO2浓度较高，茎长较长。综上，Mountain Mango和Rewined S1随着供磷水平的升高具有较高的茎生物量、根长、根表面积和磷利用率，而Victory Haze的茎长、根系形态、柠檬酸盐和磷利用率均比较适中。

关键词: 工业大麻, 供磷水平, 生长发育, 根系形态, 养分吸收, 磷利用率

Abstract:

Using three varieties of industrial hemp (Mountain Mango, Victory Haze, and Rewined S1) as experimental materials, a randomized complete block design was conducted with four different levels of phosphorus supply (0, 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg). The effects of different phosphorus supply levels and varieties on growth, root morphology, physiological indicators, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation, nutrient uptake and phosphorus utilization efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the growth, root morphology, physiological indicators, nutrient uptake and phosphorus utilization efficiency of industrial hemp were strongly influenced by varieties and level of phosphorus supply. Under phosphorus-deficient conditions, the rhizosphere of industrial hemp mainly released citrate, which gradually shifted to malate exudation with the increase of phosphorus supply. Mountain Mango and Rewined S1 differed in maintaining photosynthesis, growth morphology and physiological adaptations. Mountain Mango had higher leaf chlorophyll content and longer root length, while Rewined S1 had higher intercellular CO2 concentrations and larger stem length. In conclusion, Mountain Mango and Rewined S1 had higher stem biomass, root length, root surface area, and phosphorus utilization efficiency with the increase of phosphorus supply, while Victory Haze had more moderate stem length, root morphology, citrate, and phosphorus utilization efficiency.

Key words: Industrial hemp, Phosphorus supply level, Growth and development, Root morphology, Nutrient uptake, Phosphorus utilization efficiency

表1

以品种和供磷水平为主要因素的检测参数方差分析

项目
Item		 参数
Parameter		 品种
Variety		 供磷水平
P supply level		 品种×供磷水平
Variety×P supply level
生长和生物量Growth and biomass 茎干重 (g) 0.015* <0.001*** 0.111ns
根干重 (g) 0.070ns <0.001*** 0.528ns
茎长 (cm) <0.001*** <0.001*** <0.001***
根系形态Root morphology 根长 (cm) 0.017* <0.001*** 0.234ns
细根长 (cm) 0.017* <0.001*** 0.234ns
粗根长 (cm) 0.043* <0.001*** 0.047*
根表面积 (cm2) 0.004** <0.001*** 0.155ns
生理指标Physiological indicator SPAD 0.012* 0.038* 0.274ns
Pn [μmol CO2/(m2·s)] 0.278ns 0.020* 0.942ns
Gs [mol H2O/(m2·s)] 0.340ns 0.042* 0.913ns
Ci (μmol CO2/mol) 0.028** 0.376ns 0.873ns
根际羧酸盐渗出量
Rhizosphere carboxylate exudation		 柠檬酸盐渗出量 (μmol/g) 0.045* <0.001*** 0.206ns
苹果酸盐渗出量 (μmol/g) 0.461ns 0.047* 0.773ns
福马酸盐渗出量 (μmol/g) 0.234ns 0.580ns 0.762ns
草酸盐渗出量 (μmol/g) 0.890ns 0.252ns 0.691ns
丙酮酸盐渗出量 (μmol/g) 0.439ns 0.350ns 0.628ns
养分吸收Nutrient uptake 茎氮浓度 (mg/g) 0.135ns <0.001*** 0.125ns
茎磷浓度 (mg/g) 0.018* <0.001*** 0.229ns
茎钾浓度 (mg/g) 0.256ns <0.001*** 0.123ns
茎氮含量 (mg) 0.989ns <0.001*** 0.631ns
茎磷含量 (mg) 0.112ns <0.001*** 0.071ns
茎钾含量 (mg) 0.213ns <0.001*** 0.290ns
茎氮磷比 0.030* <0.001*** 0.204ns
磷利用率Phosphorus utilization efficiency 农艺磷使用率 (g DM/g Pf) 0.016* <0.001*** 0.816ns
磷吸收率 (g Pc/g Pf) 0.033* <0.001*** 0.026*
磷利用率 (g DM/g Pc) 0.005** <0.001*** 0.090ns

表2

品种和供磷水平对工业大麻茎和根干重的影响

指标
Index		 品种Variety 供磷水平P supply level (mg/kg)
Mountain Mango Victory Haze Rewined S1 P0 P40 P80 P120
茎干重Stem dry weight (g) 3.4ab 2.9b 3.7a 0.3c 3.7b 4.8a 5.3a
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.6a 0.5a 0.6a 0.2b 0.7a 0.9a 0.9a

图1

品种和供磷水平的交互作用对茎长的影响 不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

表3

品种和供磷水平对工业大麻根系形态的影响

指标
Index		 品种Variety 供磷水平P supply level (mg/kg)
Mountain Mango Victory Haze Rewined S1 P0 P40 P80 P120
根长Root length (cm) 5312.0a 3372.0b 5056.0ab 701.0b 5672.0a 6017.0a 5838.0a
细根长Fine root length (cm) 5285.0a 3347.0b 5029.0ab 699.0b 5665.0a 6009.0a 5826.0a
根表面积Root surface area (cm2) 488.6a 281.0b 447.4a 63.1b 480.1a 536.4a 515.5a

图2

品种和供磷水平的交互作用对粗根长的影响

表4

品种和供磷水平对工业大麻生理指标的影响

指标
Index		 品种Variety 供磷水平P supply level (mg/kg)
Mountain Mango Victory Haze Rewined S1 P0 P40 P80 P120
SPAD 50.2a 41.9b 42.7b 40.1b 44.0ab 48.9a 44.5ab
Pn [μmol CO2/(m2·s)] 7.2 7.6 5.6 9.2a 8.1ab 4.5b 7.2ab
Gs [mol H2O/(m2·s)] 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2ab 0.1ab 0.1b 0.2a
Ci (μmol CO2/mol) 272b 288ab 301a 275 261 264 281

表5

品种和供磷水平对工业大麻羧酸盐渗出量的影响

指标
Index		 品种Variety 供磷水平P supply level (mg/kg)
Mountain Mango Victory Haze Rewined S1 P0 P40 P80 P120
柠檬酸盐Citrate (μmol/g) 18.3b 35.1a 24.6ab 78.3a 16.4b 6.2b 6.7b
苹果酸盐Malate (μmol/g) 105 179 132 12.1b 199a 178ab 142ab
福马酸盐Fumarate (μmol/g) 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.7
草酸盐Oxalate (μmol/g) 30.5 36.4 33.9 19.4 29.7 40.1 45.8
丙酮酸盐Pyruvate (μmol/g)） 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

图3

品种和供磷水平的交互作用对根际pH的影响

表6

品种和供磷水平对工业大麻养分吸收的影响

指标
Index		 品种Variety 供磷水平P supply level (mg/kg)
Mountain Mango Victory Haze Rewined S1 P0 P40 P80 P120
茎氮浓度Stem N concentration (mg/g) 27.0 29.5 26.1 40.5a 24.5b 23.6b 22.2b
茎磷浓度Stem P concentration (mg/g) 2.2b 2.8a 2.4ab 1.6c 2.2bc 2.4ab 2.7a
茎钾浓度Stem K concentration (mg/g) 25.1 26.7 24.4 30.0a 26.9ab 22.6bc 21.3c
茎氮含量Stem N content (mg) 75.2 75.1 74.8 8.5d 87.1c 101a 98a
茎磷含量Stem P content (mg) 7.9 8.2 8.7 0.4d 7.3c 11.9b 13.5a
茎钾含量Stem K content (mg) 79.7 73.9 76.8 6.1c 93.7b 103a 100ab
茎氮磷比Stem N:P ratio 15.1a 13.3ab 12.8b 25.2a 12.5b 9.1c 7.7c

表7

品种和供磷水平对工业大麻磷利用率的影响

指标
Index		 品种Variety 供磷水平P supply level (mg/kg)
Mountain Mango Victory Haze Rewined S1 P40 P80 P120
农艺磷使用率APUE (g DM/g Pf) 62.5ab 52.4b 66.6a 84.1a 57.3b 42.7c
磷利用率PUtE (g DM/g Pc) 472.0a 361.0b 448.0a 505.0a 404.0b 375.0b

图4

品种和供磷水平的交互作用对磷利用率的影响

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